Technology in Action Chapter 5 PowerPoint Slides


Technology in ActionTechnology in Action

Chapter 5Chapter 5Using System Software: Using System Software:

The Operating System, Utility Programs, and The Operating System, Utility Programs, and File ManagementFile Management


Chapter TopicsChapter Topics

• System softwareSystem software• Kinds of operating systemsKinds of operating systems• OS role in:OS role in:

– Providing user interactionProviding user interaction– Managing the processorManaging the processor– Managing memoryManaging memory– Managing hardwareManaging hardware– Interacting with application softwareInteracting with application software– Starting the computerStarting the computer


Chapter Topics (cont.)Chapter Topics (cont.)

• Desktop and windows featuresDesktop and windows features

• OS role in keeping desktop organizedOS role in keeping desktop organized

• Utility programsUtility programs


System Software: The OSSystem Software: The OS• Controls computer functionsControls computer functions

– HardwareHardware– ProcessorProcessor– Memory Memory – DevicesDevices

• Provides means for software to work with the Provides means for software to work with the CPUCPU

• Responsible for management, scheduling, Responsible for management, scheduling, and interaction of tasksand interaction of tasks

• Provides user interfaceProvides user interface


System Software: UtilitiesSystem Software: Utilities

• Utilities: Programs that perform computer Utilities: Programs that perform computer housekeeping taskshousekeeping tasks– Manage system resourcesManage system resources– Improve efficiencyImprove efficiency– Virus preventionVirus prevention


Operating System CategoriesOperating System Categories

• Four categories:Four categories:– Real-Time (RTOS)Real-Time (RTOS)– Single-User, Single-TaskSingle-User, Single-Task– Single-User, MultitaskSingle-User, Multitask– MultiuserMultiuser


Real-Time Operating SystemsReal-Time Operating Systems

• Systems with a Systems with a specific purpose and specific purpose and a certain resulta certain result

• Uses include:Uses include:– Industrial machinesIndustrial machines– Robotic equipmentRobotic equipment– AutomobilesAutomobiles– Video game consolesVideo game consoles– Home appliancesHome appliances


Single-User Operating SystemsSingle-User Operating Systems

Single-task systemsSingle-task systems• Perform one task at a timePerform one task at a time• PDAs:PDAs:

– Pocket PCPocket PC– Palm OSPalm OS– Windows MobileWindows Mobile

• MS-DOSMS-DOS

Multitask systemsMultitask systems• Perform simultaneous tasksPerform simultaneous tasks• WindowsWindows• MAC OSMAC OS• LinuxLinux


Multiuser Operating Systems Multiuser Operating Systems

• Known as network operating systemsKnown as network operating systems• Allow access to the computer system by more Allow access to the computer system by more

than one userthan one user• Manage user requestsManage user requests• Systems include:Systems include:

– LinuxLinux– UNIXUNIX– Novell NetwareNovell Netware– Windows Server 2003Windows Server 2003– Windows XPWindows XP– Windows VistaWindows Vista


Desktop and Notebook Desktop and Notebook Operating SystemsOperating Systems

• Operating system combined with the processor Operating system combined with the processor is known as a platformis known as a platform– Microsoft Windows/IntelMicrosoft Windows/Intel– Apple Macintosh/MotorolaApple Macintosh/Motorola

• Desktop and notebook operating systems Desktop and notebook operating systems include:include:– Microsoft WindowsMicrosoft Windows– MAC OSMAC OS– LinuxLinux– UNIXUNIX


Microsoft WindowsMicrosoft Windows• Click to view the various Windows systemsClick to view the various Windows systems

Windows XP (2001)

Offers a new multi-user desktop as well as improved digital media features andInternet capabilities.

Windows ME (2000)

This upgrade to Windows 95 and Windows 98 includes system backup andmultimedia capabilities (such as Media Player).

Windows 2000

(2000)

This upgrade to Windows NT offers improvements to file security and Internet support.

Windows 98 (1998)

This upgrade includes additional file protection and incorporatesInternet Explorer 4.0, a customizable taskbar, and desktop features

Windows 95

(1995)

This operating system runs fasterand more efficiently, introduces Plug and Play capabilities, long file names, short-cutright-click menus, and a cleaner desktop.

Windows NT (1993)

Fundamentally different operating system with increased security, power,performance, and multitasking scheduler.

Windows 3.x

(1990-1992)

First widely used PC graphical user interface (GUI) operating system. Improvedpoint-and-click mouse operations and multitasking capabilities.

Windows 2.0

(1987)

Includes better graphics capabilities and introduces keyboard shortcuts andthe ability to overlap windows.

Windows 1.0

(1985)

Introduces point-and-click commands with a mouse and includes modestmultitasking capabilities and desktop applications.


MAC OSMAC OS• First commercially First commercially

available OS with point-available OS with point-and-click technology and-click technology (graphical user (graphical user interface)interface)

• Excellent in:Excellent in:– Graphics displayGraphics display– Processing Processing

capabilitiescapabilities– System reliabilitySystem reliability– Document recoveryDocument recovery

• Fewer software Fewer software applications available applications available


LinuxLinux

• Open-source operating Open-source operating system system

• Based on UNIXBased on UNIX

• Stable systemStable system

• FreeFree

• May be downloaded May be downloaded through the Internetthrough the Internet


Operating Systems for Operating Systems for Servers and MainframesServers and Mainframes

• ServersServers– Manage network resourcesManage network resources

• MainframesMainframes– Handle requests from hundreds or thousands Handle requests from hundreds or thousands

of users simultaneouslyof users simultaneously

• Operating Systems:Operating Systems:– Windows ServerWindows Server– UnixUnix


UNIXUNIX• Multiuser, multitask operating systemMultiuser, multitask operating system

• Used primarily with mainframesUsed primarily with mainframes


What the OS DoesWhat the OS Does

• Provides user interfaceProvides user interface• Manages the CPUManages the CPU• Manages memory and storageManages memory and storage• Manages hardware and peripheral Manages hardware and peripheral

devicesdevices• Coordinates application software with the Coordinates application software with the

CPUCPU


The User InterfaceThe User Interface

• Enables you to Enables you to interact with the interact with the computercomputer

• Types of interfaces:Types of interfaces:– Command-driven Command-driven

interfaceinterface– Menu-driven Menu-driven

interfaceinterface– Graphical user Graphical user

interface (GUI)interface (GUI)

Command-driven


Processor ManagementProcessor Management

• Controls the timing of events the Controls the timing of events the processor works onprocessor works on– InterruptsInterrupts– Interrupt handlerInterrupt handler– Interrupt tableInterrupt table– Stack Stack


Memory and Storage Memory and Storage ManagementManagement

• The operating system allocates space in The operating system allocates space in RAM for instructions and dataRAM for instructions and data

RAM

Operating

System


Virtual MemoryVirtual Memory

• Instructions and data are stored on the Instructions and data are stored on the hard drive when RAM is fullhard drive when RAM is full– Swap fileSwap file– Paging Paging – Thrashing Thrashing

Operating

System

FULL


Hardware and Peripheral Device Hardware and Peripheral Device ManagementManagement

• Device driversDevice drivers– Programs that enable the operating system to Programs that enable the operating system to

communicate with peripheral devicescommunicate with peripheral devices– Provided by the manufacturer of the device Provided by the manufacturer of the device

• Plug and PlayPlug and Play– Hardware and software standardHardware and software standard– Facilitates the installation of new hardwareFacilitates the installation of new hardware


Software Application CoordinationSoftware Application Coordination

• Application programming interfaces (APIs)Application programming interfaces (APIs)– Blocks of code contained in the operating Blocks of code contained in the operating

systemsystem– Coordinates the operating system with Coordinates the operating system with

software applicationssoftware applications• Similar toolbars and menusSimilar toolbars and menus

– Microsoft DirectXMicrosoft DirectX


Starting the ComputerStarting the Computer

The Boot ProcessThe Boot Process

•• Step 1:Step 1: The basic input/output system (BIOS) is activated The basic input/output system (BIOS) is activated

•• Step 2:Step 2: A power-on self-test (POST) checks attached hardware A power-on self-test (POST) checks attached hardware

•• Step 3:Step 3: The operating system loads into RAM The operating system loads into RAM

•• Step 4:Step 4: Configuration and customization settings are checked Configuration and customization settings are checked


Handling Errors in the Handling Errors in the Boot ProcessBoot Process

• Safe modeSafe mode– Windows Windows

does not does not boot properlyboot properly

– Try rebootingTry rebooting– Uninstall any Uninstall any

new devices new devices or softwareor software


The DesktopThe Desktop


Windows Windows


File ManagementFile Management

• The operating system provides an The operating system provides an organizational structure for the computer’s organizational structure for the computer’s contentscontents

• Hierarchical structure of directoriesHierarchical structure of directories– DrivesDrives

• FoldersFoldersSubfoldersSubfolders

» FilesFiles


File ManagementFile Management


Viewing and Sorting Viewing and Sorting Files and FoldersFiles and Folders

• Flip Flip 3D3D



• Details view Details view



• Large Large Icon Icon viewview



• Other views available Other views available

– Tiles viewTiles view

– List viewList view

– Small and Medium Icons viewSmall and Medium Icons view


Naming FilesNaming Files• Filename: Name Filename: Name

assigned plus assigned plus filename extensionfilename extension

• Characters not legal Characters not legal in Windows filenames: in Windows filenames: “ / \ * ? < > | :

• Character not legal in Character not legal in Mac filenames: Mac filenames:

:

Bioreport.doc

or

Bio report.doc


Filename ExtensionsFilename ExtensionsExtension Extension Type of DocumentType of Document Application Application

.doc.doc Word-processing documentWord-processing document Microsoft Word 2003Microsoft Word 2003

.docx.docx Word-processing documentWord-processing document Microsoft Word 2007Microsoft Word 2007

.wks.wks Word-processing documentWord-processing document Microsoft Works word Microsoft Works word processingprocessing

.wpd.wpd Word-processing documentWord-processing document Corel WordPerfectCorel WordPerfect

.xls.xls SpreadsheetSpreadsheet Microsoft ExcelMicrosoft Excel

.slr.slr SpreadsheetSpreadsheet Microsoft Works Microsoft Works spreadsheetspreadsheet

.mdb.mdb DatabaseDatabase Microsoft AccessMicrosoft Access

.ppt.ppt PowerPoint PresentationPowerPoint Presentation Microsoft PowerPointMicrosoft PowerPoint

.pdf.pdf Portable Document FormatPortable Document Format Adobe Acrobat or Adobe Adobe Acrobat or Adobe ReaderReader


Filename Extensions (cont.)Filename Extensions (cont.)

Extension Extension Type of DocumentType of Document Application Application

.rtf.rtf TextText Any program that can Any program that can read text documentsread text documents

.txt.txt TextText Any program that can Any program that can read text documentsread text documents

.htm or .html.htm or .html Web pageWeb page HyperText Markup HyperText Markup LanguageLanguage

.bmp.bmp Bitmap imageBitmap image WindowsWindows

.zip.zip Compressed fileCompressed file WinZipWinZip


File PathFile Path

• File path: File path: Location of the fileLocation of the file


Working with FilesWorking with Files

• File management actions:File management actions:– OpenOpen– CopyCopy– MoveMove– RenameRename– DeleteDelete

• Recycle BinRecycle Bin


Utility ProgramsUtility Programs

• Small programs that perform special Small programs that perform special functions:functions:– Manage system resourcesManage system resources– Create pleasant environmentCreate pleasant environment– Improve efficiencyImprove efficiency


Display UtilitiesDisplay Utilities

• Change the appearance of:Change the appearance of:– DesktopDesktop– Windows colorsWindows colors– Font sizesFont sizes

• Includes:Includes:– Screen saversScreen savers– Screen resolutionScreen resolution– Clear TypeClear Type


Add or Remove ProgramsAdd or Remove Programs

• Installation wizardInstallation wizard• Uninstall wizard:Uninstall wizard:

– Programs cannot simply be deletedPrograms cannot simply be deleted


File Compression UtilitiesFile Compression Utilities

• Reduce the size of a fileReduce the size of a file• Takes out redundanciesTakes out redundancies• Makes it easier and faster to send files over Makes it easier and faster to send files over

the Internetthe Internet


System Maintenance UtilitiesSystem Maintenance Utilities

• Disk cleanup: Cleans unnecessary filesDisk cleanup: Cleans unnecessary files


System Maintenance UtilitiesSystem Maintenance Utilities• Disk defragmenterDisk defragmenter• ScanDisk:ScanDisk:

– Error-checkerError-checker

• Task ManagerTask Manager


System RestoreSystem Restore

• Restores system settings to specific Restores system settings to specific datedate


System BackupSystem Backup

• BackupBackup– Creates copy of hard drive to another storage Creates copy of hard drive to another storage

devicedevice

• Task SchedulerTask Scheduler– Runs selected utilities automaticallyRuns selected utilities automatically


Accessibility UtilitiesAccessibility Utilities

• Ease of Access CenterEase of Access Center– Centralized location for assistive Centralized location for assistive

technologytechnology


Chapter 5 Summary QuestionsChapter 5 Summary Questions

• What software is included in system What software is included in system software?software?



• What are the different kinds of operating What are the different kinds of operating systems?systems?



• What are the most common desktop What are the most common desktop operating systems?operating systems?



• How does the operating system provide a means for users to interact with the computer?



• How does the operating system help How does the operating system help manage: manage: – the processor?the processor?– memory and storage?memory and storage?– hardware and peripheral devices?hardware and peripheral devices?



• How does the operating system interact with application software?



• How does the operating system help the How does the operating system help the computer start up?computer start up?



• What are the main desktop and windows What are the main desktop and windows features?features?



• How does the operating system help me keep my computer organized?



• What utility programs are included in What utility programs are included in system software, and what do they do?system software, and what do they do?

Technology in Action Chapter 5 PowerPoint Slides

Documents

Transcript of Technology in Action Chapter 5 PowerPoint Slides