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Technology & business or development - What is broadband? · 2014. 1. 15. · – Personal vs...
Transcript of Technology & business or development - What is broadband? · 2014. 1. 15. · – Personal vs...
What is broadband?What is broadband?Dr Angus Hay
The InternetThe Internet
• Around 30000 unique BGP4 qAutonomous Systems• 50% of traffic on 150 ASs
• More than 5 Exabytes of traffic carried monthly
• 680 million host computers• 1.5 billion unique users• 444 million (fixed line)
broadband connections• “IP over everything &
everything over IP”
Neotel is a member of the Internet Service Providers Association (ISPA)
Architecture of the Internet todayArchitecture of the Internet today
“Hyper Giants”Large Content, Consumer, Hosting CDN
Tier 1Global Transit Backbones
IXPIXPIXP
Tier 2Regional ISP
Tier 2Regional ISP
Customer Networks
Concept from ATLAS Internet Observatory
The Internet in South AfricaThe Internet in South Africa
• Six Regional Tier 1 (Tier 2) providers*g ( ) p• Around 150 ISPs of various sizes and tiers
• Internet Transit and Peering• Two public Internet exchanges (JINX and CINX)• 1 Gbps exchanged publicly; probably 5 Gbps privately
• 5 million unique Internet users (Q4 2009)• 700 000 dial‐up connections (still!)• 1,69 million broadband connections (Q1 2009)
• South African definition includes fixed and mobile
• South Africa ranked 61st on Broadband Quality
* Neotel / Tata Communications Global Tier 1 network is present in South Africap
Sources: World Wide Worx, MyADSL, Oxford Broadband Quality Study, ISPA, ispmap.org.za
The distribution bottleneck
Content Aggregation Distribution Devices
The distribution bottleneck
Content Aggregation Distribution Devices
Access BandwidthAccess Bandwidth
• Bandwidth is not a finite resource like oil – over time totalBandwidth is not a finite resource like oil over time, total bandwidth will grow, and the price per bandwidth will fall
• Driven by applications and content, broadband accessDriven by applications and content, broadband access bandwidth continues to grow exponentially around the world
• Access bandwidth per customer needs to increase continuallyp y
• Retail competition will increasingly not g ybe on the price of bandwidth, but on services delivered over that bandwidth.
Broadband 2.0Broadband 2.0• “Broadband 2.0” is a term first coined around 2005, to describe
the next step in broadband performance required by high end
• Characteristics of Broadband 2 0
the next step in broadband performance required by high‐end users such as online gamers, and to deliver triple play services
• Characteristics of Broadband 2.0– Higher bandwidth, low contention ratio– Symmetrical access and Quality of ServiceSymmetrical access and Quality of Service– High‐definition video speeds (20+ Mbps)– Multiple sources of content, peer‐to‐peer
• Two worlds of broadband– Wireless for personal broadband access– Optical fibre for fixed Broadband 2.0 access– Wireless will dominate broadband in Africa
• Broadband 2 0 requires FTTB/FTTH access even in South Africa• Broadband 2.0 requires FTTB/FTTH access, even in South Africa
Global Broadband benchmarks
Country Average Change/y > 5 Mbps > 2MbpsSouth Korea 14,6 Mbps 13% 74% 94%Japan 7,9 Mbps 11% 60% 90%Japan 7,9 Mbps 11% 60% 90%Sweden 5,7 Mbps 6,2% 42% 75%United States 3,9 Mbps -2,4% 24% 57%United Kingdom 3,4 Mbps 16% 19% 73%Czech Republic 4,8 Mbps 23% 30% 76%Brazil 1,1 Mbps -4,6% 1,4% 11%India 879 kbps -6,8% 0,7% 4,9%China 825 kbps 6,2% 0,4% 4,2%Mayotte 43 kbps - - -WORLD 1,7 Mbps 13% 19% 53%
Midrand, SA 1,5 Mbps - 4,2% 11%Jo'burg, SA 1,1 Mbps - 1,3% 8,0%Cape Town SA 1 3 Mbps - 0 8% 13%Cape Town, SA 1,3 Mbps 0,8% 13%
Source: Akamai State of the Internet Report
Why optical fibre?y p
• Almost infinite bandwidthAlmost infinite bandwidth• 25.4 Tbps (160 x 160 Gbps wavelengths) demo• 600 Gbps on a single wavelength in laboratory• Commercial Terabit per second cables
• High reliability and availability vs copper• Highly scalable bandwidth using DWDM
Active vs passive optical fibre accessp p
• Active– Metro Ethernet: Ring or
Switched Ethernet architecture– Highly scalable access from 10
Mbps to 10 Gbps– Dominates European market– Ubiquitous GE installed baseUbiquitous GE installed base
• Passive– Point‐to‐multipoint topology,
multiple access protocol– 100% passive outside plant
minimises capex and opex– Cost effective access between
10 Mbps and 100 Mbps– Parallel analogue broadcastParallel analogue broadcast
video stream (Second lambda)
The ultimate capacity constraints
PermissionsPermissions
Spectrum
Photos: ld13 , Neotel
p
Rapid fibre rollout methods
Broadband: South Africa vs The World
32%
South Africa
32%
68% Wireline
Wireless
13%
1% 1%World
DSL
21%64%
Cable
Fibre
Wireless
Other
Sources: MyBroadband, The Broadband Forum
Broadband ecosystem
Global Global TransitTransit
Hosting / Hosting / ApplicationsApplications
Network Network servicesservices
Voice Voice InterconnectInterconnect
Internet Internet PeeringPeering
National National networknetwork
Access: Access: FibreFibre networknetworkFibreFibre
Access: Access: WirelessWireless
Submarine cables – 2011
EΛSSy
WACS
Content Delivery NetworksContent Delivery Networks
• Developed to cache (mirror) files across the Internetp ( )• Concept pioneered by Akamai in the late 1990s
• Many CDNs, but a few dominate• Akamai• Limelight• Level 3• Panther• BitGravity• BitGravity
• Today account for 10% of all Internet traffic• CDNs today carry more varied traffic including streaming• CDNs today carry more varied traffic, including streaming
• Video is about a third of the traffic, but not of the economic value• The video CDN market will grow to around $1bn by 2012g y
Sources: Frost & Sullivan, ATLAS Internet Observatory
The future of broadband wirelessThe future of broadband wireless
• Network architectureNetwork architecture– Uncapped wireless as primary broadband
access puts pressure on spectrum and backhaul– Deep backhaul and high site density required– Heavy core evolution vs lean pure IP network
D i d li ti• Devices and applications– Personal vs home/office vs new device types– Diversity of devices matches market diversityDiversity of devices matches market diversity
• A fixed and mobile future– Broadband wireless will connect peopleoadba d e ess co ect peop e– Optical fibre broadband will connect places– In some markets, wireless will connect both– Wireless will dominate broadband in Africa
Choosing a wireless access technologyg gy
• Economies of scale• Stability, features and network cost
• Terminal price and availability
• Standards and interoperability
• Backward compatibility• Terminal re‐use and customer retention
• Network migration and equipment re‐use (vendors)
• Spectrum• Lower frequencies for coverage and penetration
• Global or regional band plan alignment
• Economic basis of spectrum regulation
• Roaming, multi‐band and multi‐standard devices
Wireless roadmapsp
3GPP GSM UMTSEDGE HSPAGPRS HSPA+ LTE LTE-A
3GPP2 CDMA EV-DO Rev.A Rev. B
IEEEIEEE WiFi 802.16e802.16d 802.16mWiMAX
RF technology: CDMA versus OFDMAgy
CDMA2000 1X and EV-DO are more efficient in bandwidths up to 5 MHzbandwidths up to 5 MHz
OFDMA-based solutions offer a simpler implementation inbandwidths greater than 10 MHzbandwidths greater than 10 MHz
Making broadband happenMaking broadband happen• US: President Barack Obama aims to ensure
broadband access for all, thereby restoring the US ranking in broadband penetration. The minimum definition of broadband will be redrafted to meet 21st century communications requirements.ce u y co u ca o s equ e e s
• UK: New government policy promotes broadband for all, and Ofcom will require BT Openreach to offer new active fibre based broadband servicesoffer new active fibre‐based broadband services. BT has announced an initial investment of £1.5 billion in fibre to the home infrastructure.
• South Africa: Minister of Communications, Siphiwe Nyanda, releases a draft national broadband policy. The South African National p yBroadband Forum proposes a framework to promote affordable broadband and restore South Africa’s global and continental ranking in InternetAfrica s global and continental ranking in Internet access.… which is all very well, but what about Local Loop Unbundling in South Africa?
Global Broadband Growth
500
400
450
500
250
300
350
ions
100
150
200Mill
0
50
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Year
Source: Point Topic
SA Population and Internet Usersp
60000000
50000000
60000000
40000000
20000000
30000000 Population
Internet users
10000000
0
2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020
Sources: UNISA Bureau of Market Research & World Wide Worx, extrapolated
Neotel: Infrastructure for Broadband
• New high bandwidth national l f b b kboptical fibre backbone
• New international submarine ti l fib bl t
MidrandMidrandPretoriaPretoria
CBDCBD
optical fibre cable systems• High quality national and
international Internet / IP
Jo’burgJo’burg
RandburgRandburgSandtonSandton
RosebankRosebank
BrixtonBrixtonKillarneyKillarney
international Internet / IP• Carrier‐class voice on IP core• New access networksgg
CBDCBD GermistonGermiston • New access networks• Optical fibre: FTTC ‐> FTTB/FTTH• 3G wireless (CDMA2000)3G wireless (CDMA2000)• Fixed wireless (WiMAX)
• Metro Ethernet fibre access• World‐class Data Centres
Thank You