Technological_Environment

8/7/2019 Technological_Environment

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Technological Environment

-Debashree Mukherjee


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Introduction-

India spends 1% of its GNP on science adtechnology.

The Scientific Policy Resolution of 1958paved the way to implementation of scienceand technology for Indias economicsuccess.

In achieving the objectives of the saidPolicy, the Government sought to cultivatea scientific temper among the people of thecountry.


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Technological Policy of the

Government- To create a new class of technology based

on business and industry; To ensure a judicious balance between

technology based and manual industries; To develop import substitution

technologies; To provide 100% tax exemption on R&D

expenditure and rewarding indigenous

technology with 50% depreciation rate; To achieve significant energy savings and

recycle industrial waste and thereby ensureecological balance.


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Technology Transfer- The process by which existing knowledge, facilities or

capabilities are utilized to fulfill public and private needs. What does it require?

It basically involves a technical resource (e.g., laboratory),a user (e.g., small business), and some interfaceconnecting the two.

The purpose of technology transfer: To strengthen theeconomy by accelerating the application of laboratorytechnology and resources to private and public needs andopportunities.Product improvement, service efficiencies, improved

manufacturing processes, joint development to addressgovernment and private sector needs, and the developmentof major new products for the international marketplace arethe results of successful technology transfer efforts.


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Sources and Methods of Technology

Transfer-

Sources include: Projects, trade,personnel exchange, publications,conferences, teaching and training, transferthrough international tender invitations,acquisition of companies, etc.

Methods: Improving and updating

technology, adopting and absorbingtechnology, innovating and improvingtechnology, etc.


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Kinds of Technology- An Emerging Technology is an innovative technology that

currently is undergoing bench-scale testing, in which a small version ofthe technology is tested in a laboratory.

An Innovative Technology is a technology that has beenfield-tested and applied to a hazardous waste problem at a site, but lacksa long history of full-scale use. Information about its cost and how wellit works may be insufficient to support prediction of its performanceunder a wide variety of operating conditions.

An Established Technology is a technology for which costand performance information is readily available. Only after atechnology has been used at many different sites and the results fullydocumented is that technology considered established.


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Users/beneficiaries of

Technology Transfer: technology transfer agents who are responsible for the

search, adaptation or translation, packaging anddissemination, training that a new technology is properlyimplemented, accepted and used to its full potential by atarget user;

individuals responsible for technology transfer functions; individuals charged with the responsibility of making

decisions as to whether a technology is considered forimplementation within the organization;

individuals charged with budgeting responsibilities whichencompass evaluating the cost of new technology;

individuals charged with strategic and business planningresponsibilities within the organization;

individuals who are being trained to perform any of theabove noted functions;

inventors, vendors, licensors and purchasers of technology.


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Problems of Technology Transfer- Transfer process may be incomplete or

inaccurate;

It may be unsuitable for a particular

environment.

International Technology Transfer: refers todissemination of technology from one

developed country to another or from onedeveloped country to a developing countryor from UN to a developing country.

Technological_Environment

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