Techno-Economic Tools to Simulate the Costs of Hydrogen Infrastructure Technologies ·...

Techno-economic Tools to Simulate the Costs of Hydrogen Infrastructure TechnologiesAmgad Elgowainy, Energy Systems Division, Argonne National LaboratoryThis presentation does not contain any proprietary, confidential, or otherwise restricted information

February 27, 2018

Fuel Cell Technologies Office Webinar

2U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY & RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE

Question and Answer

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2


Hydrogen Infrastructure Modeling Goal

Suite of tools complete bottom-up engineering designs and cost analyses of hydrogen infrastructure (pipelines, liquefiers, liquid tankers, tube trailers, geologic storage, gaseous fueling stations, and liquid fueling stations) based on user-defined scenarios.

Models have been informed and extensively vetted by industry.

Models are used by government agencies, academia, and industry to estimate investments necessary for growth of hydrogen infrastructure, and to inform technology-specific targets that guide R&D.

All models are publicly available at: https://hdsam.es.anl.gov/

https://hdsam.es.anl.gov/


Scope of Infrastructure Models

Long-distance Transport of Hydrogen from: 1) Central Production Facilities to a City, and

2) City Gate to Hydrogen Fueling Stations(e.g. liquid tankers, tube trailers, pipelines, geologic caverns, terminals)

Hydrogen Fueling Stations for Fuel Cell Vehicles


User-Defined Model Inputs: Market, Technical and Economic

Market Market size (e.g., 5,000 FCEVs; 50,000 FCEVs) Station capacity (e.g., 300 kg/day; 1000 kg/day) Station utilization rate

Technical Mode of hydrogen delivery (e.g., gaseous, liquid) Delivery distances distance (e.g., 30 miles, 300 miles, etc) Fill amount at fueling stations (e.g., 4 kg, 5 kg, etc) Fueling speed (e.g., 1 kg/min, 1.6 kg/min, etc) Hourly fueling demand

Economic Rate of return on investment Analysis period (10 years, 20 years, etc) Production volumes (i.e. economies of scale)


Technologies Used to Deliver Gaseous Hydrogen


Centralized Gaseous H

2 Production

Fueling Station

Liquefier

High-Pressure Cryo-Pump

Cryo-Compressed

Dispenser

Liquid Terminal

Loading Bays

CryogenicStorage

Liquid Truck

Pump Pump

Compressed Gas

Dispenser

CryogenicStorage

Vaporizer

Technologies Used to Deliver Liquid Hydrogen


Hydrogen Delivery Scenario Analysis Model (HDSAM)

https://hdsam.es.anl.gov/index.php?content=hdsam

Capital Operating

Energy

Scenario Definition

Cash Flow

Station Cost

Model Output

Delivery & Refueling Components

Delivery Cost $/kgH2Penetration

0 25 50 75 100

Penetration

0 25 50 75 100

Market (all U.S. cities > 50K

population)

Delivery & Dispensing Mode

Financial/EconomicInputs and Assumptions

https://hdsam.es.anl.gov/index.php?content=hdsam


Hydrogen Delivery via Liquid Tankers vs. Tube Trailers

Future Market120,000 FCEVs

1000 kg/day station

Early Market12,000 FCEVs

300 kg/day station

Liquid delivery is lower cost than tube-trailer gaseous delivery when market demands are high and transportation distances are long.

$-

$2

$4

$6

$8

$10

$12

$14

$16

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

Transportation Distance to City Gate [mi]

Tube Trailer

Liquid Hydrogen Tanker

Cost

of H

ydro

gen

Del

iver

y an

d D

ispe

nsin

g ($

/kg)

$- $1 $2 $3 $4 $5 $6 $7 $8 $9

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

Transportation Distance to City Gate [mi]

Tube Trailer

Liquid Hydrogen Tanker

Cost

of H

ydro

gen

Del

iver

y an

d D

ispe

nsin

g ($

/kg)


Adapting Delivery Modes for Market Demands

$-

$5

$10

$15

$20

$25

$30

Today12,000 FCEVs

Future120,000 FCEVs

Future300,000 FCEVs

Pipeline

Liquid Tanker

Tube Trailer

Cost

of H

ydro

gen

Del

iver

y an

d D

ispe

nsin

g ($

/kg)

Trucking is lowest cost option with small market demand (near-term) Pipeline is lowest cost option with large market demand (long-term)


Cost Drivers of Hydrogen Fueling Stations

Refueling: $6-$8/kg

Delivery: $6/kg

Production: $2/kg

Compressor45%

Storage20%

Dispenser11%

Refrigeration12%

Electrical3%

Controls/Other9%

Current Retail Price of Hydrogen Fuel: $13-$16/kg

Capital Costs of Hydrogen Fueling Stations (Simulated)


Hydrogen Refueling Models (HRSAM and HDRSAM)

Capital Operating

Energy

Market Definition

Station Utilization Scenarios

Fueling Hourly Demand

Cash Flow

Station Cost

Model Output

Sizing of Refueling Components

Station CapacityFueling Cost

$/kgH2

%

yr

Mode of Hydrogen Supply

Financial/EconomicInputs and Assumptions


Hydrogen Refueling Station Models

Objective: Evaluate impacts of key market, technical, and economic parameters on refueling cost [$/kgH2] of light-duty

and heavy-duty fuel cell vehicles

HRSAM HDRSAM

Available at: http://hdsam.es.anl.gov/

http://hdsam.es.anl.gov/


HRSAM

https://hdsam.es.anl.gov/index.php?content=hrsam

HRSAM Model is available at the link below:

https://hdsam.es.anl.gov/index.php?content=hrsam


Impact of station utilization and capacity on refueling cost

15-year Analysis Period10-year Analysis Period

Today (low volume)Early market (12,000 FCEVs)

300 kg/day station

Future (high volume)Mature market (120,000 FCEVs)

1000 kg/day station


HDRSAMhttps://hdsam.es.anl.gov/index.php?content=hdrsam

HDRSAM Tool is available at the link below:

HDRSAM

https://hdsam.es.anl.gov/index.php?content=hdrsam


Impact of fueling rate on refueling cost

Comparable cost for slow fills with gaseous and liquid stations Faster fills require higher capacity equipment and result in higher cost Liquid stations can handle faster fills with less cost increase

7.23.61.8 7.23.61.8Fueling Rate

(kg/min.)Liquid StationGaseous Station

Fleet Size: 30 busesFill Amount: 35 kgFill Strategy: Back-to-Back


Impact of fleet size (demand) on refueling cost

Fleet sizes have a strong impact: cost can drop to ~$1/kgH2 with large fleet size Liquid station, in general, provides a lower refueling cost option

Two dispensers

Two dispensers

Fill Amount: 35 kgFill Rate: 3.6 kg/minFill Strategy: Back-to-Back


Amgad Elgowainy (ANL)

Krishna Reddi (ANL)

Marianne Mintz (ANL)

Jerry Gillette (ANL)

Daryl Brown (previously at PNNL)

Matt Ringer (NREL)

Neha Rustagi (DOE)

Contributors to the development of the Hydrogen Delivery and Refueling Models over the past decade


Acknowledgments

• The hydrogen delivery and refueling models have been supported by DOE’s Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy’s Fuel Cell Technologies Office since 2005 under the Hydrogen Delivery Program. The model developers are very thankful to the support from previous managers Mark Paster, Monterey Gardiner, Scott Weil andErika Gupta, and from current Delivery Program manager Neha Rustagi.


Question and Answer

• Please type your questions to the chat box. Send to: (HOST)


Thank you

hydrogenandfuelcells.energy.gov

Amgad [email protected]

Neha [email protected]

Eric [email protected]

mailto:[email protected]

mailto:[email protected]

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