Techniques To Be Aware Of. What is propaganda? Communication that attempts to influence a community...
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Transcript of Techniques To Be Aware Of. What is propaganda? Communication that attempts to influence a community...
What is propaganda?
Communication that attempts to influence a community to agree or disagree with some cause or position
Institute for Propaganda AnalysisIn 1937, a group of American social
scientists, historians, journalists, and educators got together to form an organization to help the public make informed decisions.
They wanted to help Americans think for themselves, not tell them how to think
They developed a series of books and flyers
The I.P.A.’s “7 common Propaganda Devices”
These 7 techniques are said to be especially effective because they appeal to our emotions… not our reason
1. Name CallingCreates fear/anger
by portraying the opposition as very unfavorable
Creates hatred for a group, idea, person
2. Glittering Generalities Phrases that are
vague and appeal to very good, deeply-held feelingsPride, honor,
patriotism, desire for peace, family values
Can’t be proved true or false…just an overly general statement
3. Transfertechnique used to carry
over the authority and approval of something we respect and revere to something the propagandist want us to believe or accept.
Symbols like waving the flag to stir our emotions and win our approval
4. Testimonial
Using a well-known, respected figure to represent an idea
The hope is that we will follow the example that we respect
5. Plain Folks
Technique used to convince audience that spokesperson is just an “everyday Joe”. Ordinary language/mannerisms are used.
People can identify with this
The hope is that people will trust their message
6. Bandwagon“Everybody’s Doing It!”Tries to convince
people to follow the masses and jump on the bandwagon of the messageAppeals to the
emotions of wanting to be on the winning side, be part of a group, avoid loneliness in your views
7. Card StackingDisplaying only the
facts that make your side look good and the other side look bad (and ignoring anything else)
Summary of Techniques1. Name Calling2. Glittering Generalities3. Transfer4. Testimonial5. Plain Folks6. Bandwagon7. Card Stacking
All use emotional appealsExaggeration is also a technique