Good afternoon every body

I am Usman Gani Al Haque, M.Ed student of Pondicherry University, going to teach you a lesson from your paper Learning and Teaching

Hope you will enjoy the class

Good afternoon every body

Techniques of Higher Learning- Conference, Seminar, Symposium, Workshop The topic of my lesson is

It is a meeting of large group, organized to discuss current problems and its specifics to provide a workable solution.The conference technique has acquired important place in different areas to discuss and solve the problem: Social, Political, Health, Religious, educational. In the area of higher teaching-learning, the conference is one of the most important technique. The higher cognitive and effective objectives of education are achieved by employing the conference technique.Conference

The objectives of conference are usually broad to develop cognitive and affective aspects.

Cognitive Objectives- The conference technique has the focus to achieve the following cognitive objectives: To develop analysis, synthesis and evaluation or creative abilities of the participants To develop reasoning and critical abilities. To develop the abilities to study in depth of facts, concepts and problems,

Objectives of Conference

Affective Objective: To develop the tendency to study a fact or concept in broader perspective

To develop the tendency to emotional balance. To respect and tolerate anti-ideas and criticism by others To develop the feelings of cooperation and freedom of thoughts.

By participating the conference , behavioural skills and good cultural manners start developed among the participants. They are trained to present and defend ideas. They learn how to put questions and how to answer the questions and how the clarification is sought.

Democratic values are developed among the participants. It develops the habit of independent study and to think independently on a theme. Ability of problem- solving is developed among the participants. Capacity of tolerance of anti-ideas of others is also developed.Ability of expressing ideas and feelings is developed by attending a conference Good manners for asking questions, seeking clarification, presenting own point of view and defending others ideas are developed.Advantages of Conference

A conference technique suffers from the following limitations: It is hard to predict attendance. Advance arrangements must be made for conference facilities and housing accommodation. Generally the nature of topic is broad, hence discussion is confined to specific issues. Group discussion is generally dominated by the good speakers or those who talk too much and do not give opportunities to take part in the discussions.

Limitations of Conference Technique

Seminar is an instructional technique of higher learning which involves paper reading on a theme and followed by the group discussion to clarify the complex aspects of the theme. Illustration Time givenObjectives of Seminar:Cognitive Objectives: To develop the higher cognitive abilities: analysis, synthesis and evaluation. To develop the ability of keen observation experiences, feelings and to present them effectively. To develop the ability to seek clarification and defend the ideas of others effectively.

Seminar Techniques

The following higher aspect of affective domain are developed by employing the seminar technique: To develop the feeling of tolerance on the opposite ideas of others. To develop the emotional stability among the participants of the seminar. To acquire the good manners of putting questions and answering the questions of others effectively. To develop the feelings of cooperation with other colleaguesAffective Objectives of Seminar

In organising a seminar the following roles are performed:1. Organizer or Instructor 2. President or Chairman or Convener of the seminar 3. Speakers of the day 4. Participants and 5. Observers

Types of Seminar: On the basis of levels and organization the seminars are of four types: Mini Seminar Main Seminar National Seminar International Seminar

Roles and Types of Seminar Technique

Advantages: The major advantage of seminar as a mode of instruction is testing individuals power of comprehension and evaluation. Understanding power and questioning ability in a relevant situation are strengthened. Self reliance, self confidence, sense of cooperation and responsibility are developed.Limitations: The technique can not be used for all levels of education. It can be used for higher level of education. The person who speaks too much dominates the discussion of the seminar.

Advantages and Limitations of Seminar

The word symposium has several dictionary meanings. Plato has used this terms for good dialogueAnother meaning of the term is the intellectual recreation or enjoyment.The recent meaning of the term is meeting of persons to discuss a problem or theme.The main purpose of symposium is to provide an understanding to the students or listeners on theme or problem specifically to develop certain values and feelings

Symposium technique

To identify and understand various aspects of theme and problemsTo develop the ability to decision and judgement regarding a problem.To develop the values and feelings regarding the problemTo enable the listeners to form policies regarding a theme of problem.Objectives of Symposium

It provides the broad understanding of topic or problemThe opportunity is provided to the listeners to take decision about the problem.It develop the feeling of co-operation and adjustment Creativity is achieved by employing the symposium technique.

Advantages of symposium

Different aspect of theme are presented simultaneously therefore the listeners are not able to understand the theme correctly.The listeners remain passive in the symposium because they are not given opportunities to seek clarifications and put questions.

Limitations of symposium

Workshop TechniqueThe word workshop has been borrowed from engineering. In workshops, persons have to do some task with their hands to produce somethingA brief intensive course of education for a small group emphasizing interaction and practical problem solvingOBJECTIVESCognitive objectivesTo solve the problems of teaching professionTo identify the educational objectives in the present contextTo develop an understanding regarding a theme or problemPsychomotor objectivesTo develop the skills to perform a work independentlyTo train the teachers for using different approaches of teaching

Advantage:It is use to realise the higher cognitive and psychomotor objectivesIt is used for developing and improving professional efficiencyIt develop the feeling of co-operation and group work or team workThe new practices and innovations of education are introduced by workshop Advantages of Workshop

The workshop cannot be organised for the large group so that large number of person are trained.Generally follow up programmes are not organised in workshop.The persons do not take interest in practical work or to do something in productive form.

Limitations of Workshop

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