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Exploration & Exercises in 3-D Modeling Sketching & 3-D Modeling Exercises for Spring 2012 2 Engineering Graphics, Sketching & Visualization for Solids Name: _____________________ Date: ________ Lab Div#: ______Assignment #: _____ 6 2 Technical Sketching with Orthographic Projection: Outside of the Box 2.0 Section Overview: Sketching with the Box This section contains a brief description of first and third angle projection and is based on the concept of visualizing and constructing multiple orthographic views of 3-D objects through the use of a projection box. Following that are a series of hands-on freehand technical sketching exercises based on orthographic third angle projection; the standard method for engineering drawing layout in the United States. Exercises include missing views, multiview, and isometric sketches using orthographic and isometric grids. Orthographic Projection Inside the Box – The International Standard The development of a precise technique for using projection to graphically and accurately describe and analyze adjacent multiple views of 3-D objects is generally attributed to the Frenchman, Gaspard Monge in the late 1700’s. Originally this drawing system was based on orthographic first angle projection. As shown in figure 2.0 below, first angle projection is based on the principle of placing the object between a viewer’s line of sight and a plane of projection (typically a paper drawing surface) and projecting the image of the object onto the plane of projection. The term orthographic refers to the fact that all lines of projection are parallel to the viewer ’s line of sight and perpendicular to the projection plane. With first angle projection, the observer may be described as being inside the projection box. In the illustration shown below, the observer’s parallel lines of sight and the object may be considered to be ‘inside’ the projection box. Drawings based on first angle projection continue to be the international standard for representing multiple views of 3-D objects for engineering and manufacturing. Figure 2.0 The Principle of First Angle Projection: Viewing from INSIDE the Box.
Transcript of Technical Sketching with Orthographic Projection: …eacademicbook.com/b/116_Chap_2.pdf ·...
Exploration & Exercises in 3-D Modeling Sketching & 3-D Modeling Exercises for Spring 2012
2 Engineering Graphics, Sketching & Visualization for Solids
Name: _____________________ Date: ________ Lab Div#: ______Assignment #: _____
6
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Technical Sketching with Orthographic Projection: Outside of the Box 2.0 Section Overview: Sketching with the Box
This section contains a brief description of first and third angle projection and is based on the concept of visualizing and
constructing multiple orthographic views of 3-D objects through the use of a projection box. Following that are a series
of hands-on freehand technical sketching exercises based on orthographic third angle projection; the standard method for
engineering drawing layout in the United States. Exercises include missing views, multiview, and isometric sketches
using orthographic and isometric grids.
Orthographic Projection Inside the Box – The International Standard
The development of a precise technique for using projection to graphically and accurately describe and analyze adjacent
multiple views of 3-D objects is generally attributed to the Frenchman, Gaspard Monge in the late 1700’s. Originally
this drawing system was based on orthographic first angle projection. As shown in figure 2.0 below, first angle
projection is based on the principle of placing the object between a viewer’s line of sight and a plane of projection
(typically a paper drawing surface) and projecting the image of the object onto the plane of projection. The term
orthographic refers to the fact that all lines of projection are parallel to the viewer’s line of sight and perpendicular to the
projection plane. With first angle projection, the observer may be described as being inside the projection box.
In the illustration shown below, the observer’s parallel lines of sight and the object may be considered to be ‘inside’ the
projection box. Drawings based on first angle projection continue to be the international standard for representing
multiple views of 3-D objects for engineering and manufacturing.
Figure 2.0 The Principle of First Angle Projection: Viewing from INSIDE the Box.
Exploration & Exercises in 3-D Modeling Sketching & 3-D Modeling Exercises for Spring 2012
2 Engineering Graphics, Sketching & Visualization for Solids
Name: _____________________ Date: ________ Lab Div#: ______Assignment #: _____
7
Orthographic Projection Outside the Box – The United States Standard
First angle projection served as the standard for engineering graphics in the United States until third angle projection
began to gradually replace its use in the late 1880’s. As shown in figure 2.1, third angle projection differs from first
angle projection only in the location of the plane of projection. The principle of third angle projection is based on
placing the plane of projection between the object and the viewer’s line of sight. The plane of projection containing the
image may be thought of traditionally as a sheet of drawing paper or, in the digital age, as a computer screen.
In the illustration shown below, the observer’s parallel lines of sight are considered to be ‘outside’ of the projection box
with the object on the inside. Drawings based on third angle projection are currently the standard for representing
multiple views of 3-D objects for engineering and manufacturing in the United States. For that reason, all sketching
exercises and drawings in this course will be based on third angle projection.
Figure 2.1 The Principle of Third Angle Projection: Viewing from OUTSIDE the Box.
Exploration & Exercises in 3-D Modeling Sketching & 3-D Modeling Exercises for Spring 2012
2 Engineering Graphics, Sketching & Visualization for Solids
Name: _____________________ Date: ________ Lab Div#: ______Assignment #: _____
8
2.1 Missing View Sketches using Pictorials
Given the 12 pictorial drawings of objects shown below, find the pictorial drawing from the group shown below that
matches each of the girded two view multiview drawings. Next, sketch or draw the missing top, front, or right side view
on the grid in the space provided. If assigned, create a solid model of the object. The shaded surfaces shown on the
pictorial drawings indicate inclined surfaces..
Exercise 2.1 Missing View Sketches using Pictorial Drawings (1) – (3).
Exploration & Exercises in 3-D Modeling Sketching & 3-D Modeling Exercises for Spring 2012
2 Engineering Graphics, Sketching & Visualization for Solids
Name: _____________________ Date: ________ Lab Div#: ______Assignment #: _____
9
2.1 Missing View Sketches using Pictorials Given the 12 pictorial drawings of objects shown below, find the pictorial drawing from the group shown below that
matches each of the girded two view multiview drawings. Next, sketch or draw the missing top, front, or right side view
on the grid in the space provided. If assigned, create a solid model of the object. The shaded surfaces shown on the
pictorial drawings indicate inclined surfaces..
Exercise 2.1 Missing View Sketches using Pictorial Drawings (4) – (6).
Exploration & Exercises in 3-D Modeling Sketching & 3-D Modeling Exercises for Spring 2012
2 Engineering Graphics, Sketching & Visualization for Solids
Name: _____________________ Date: ________ Lab Div#: ______Assignment #: _____
10
2.1 Missing View Sketches using Pictorials Given the 12 pictorial drawings of objects shown below, find the pictorial drawing from the group shown below that
matches each of the girded two view multiview drawings. Next, sketch or draw the missing top, front, or right side view
on the grid in the space provided. If assigned, create a solid model of the object. The shaded surfaces shown on the
pictorial drawings indicate inclined surfaces..
Exercise 2.1 Missing View Sketches using Pictorial Drawings (7) – (9).
Exploration & Exercises in 3-D Modeling Sketching & 3-D Modeling Exercises for Spring 2012
2 Engineering Graphics, Sketching & Visualization for Solids
Name: _____________________ Date: ________ Lab Div#: ______Assignment #: _____
11
2.1 Missing View Sketches using Pictorials Given the 12 pictorial drawings of objects shown below, find the pictorial drawing from the group shown below that
matches each of the girded two view multiview drawings. Next, sketch or draw the missing top, front, or right side view
on the grid in the space provided. If assigned, create a solid model of the object. The shaded surfaces shown on the
pictorial drawings indicate inclined surfaces..
Exercise 2.1 Missing View Sketches using Pictorial Drawings (10) – (12).
Exploration & Exercises in 3-D Modeling Sketching & 3-D Modeling Exercises for Spring 2012
2 Engineering Graphics, Sketching & Visualization for Solids
Name: _____________________ Date: ________ Lab Div#: ______Assignment #: _____
12
2.2 Missing View Sketches Given the two views of a multiview drawing of an object, sketch or draw the missing views. As an additional exercise,
create a pictorial sketch and make a solid model of the object.
Exercise 2.2 Missing View Sketches (1) – (4).
Exploration & Exercises in 3-D Modeling Sketching & 3-D Modeling Exercises for Spring 2012
2 Engineering Graphics, Sketching & Visualization for Solids
Name: _____________________ Date: ________ Lab Div#: ______Assignment #: _____
13
2.2 Missing View Sketches Given the two views of a multiview drawing of an object, sketch or draw the missing views. As an additional exercise,
create a pictorial sketch and make a solid model of the object.
Exercise 2.2 Missing View Sketches (5) – (8).
Exploration & Exercises in 3-D Modeling Sketching & 3-D Modeling Exercises for Spring 2012
2 Engineering Graphics, Sketching & Visualization for Solids
Name: _____________________ Date: ________ Lab Div#: ______Assignment #: _____
14
2.3 Isometric to Multiview Sketches Given the isometric pictorial drawing of an object, sketch or draw the missing orthographic top, front and right side
views of the object. As an additional exercise, create a solid model of the object.
Exercise 2.3 Missing View Sketches (1) – (2).
Exploration & Exercises in 3-D Modeling Sketching & 3-D Modeling Exercises for Spring 2012
2 Engineering Graphics, Sketching & Visualization for Solids
Name: _____________________ Date: ________ Lab Div#: ______Assignment #: _____
15
2.3 Isometric to Multiview Sketches Given the isometric pictorial drawing of an object, sketch or draw the missing orthographic top, front and right side
views of the object. As an additional exercise, create a solid model of the object.
Exercise 2.3 Missing View Sketches (3) – (4).
Exploration & Exercises in 3-D Modeling Sketching & 3-D Modeling Exercises for Spring 2012
2 Engineering Graphics, Sketching & Visualization for Solids
Name: _____________________ Date: ________ Lab Div#: ______Assignment #: _____
16
2.4 Multiview to Isometric Sketches Given the three view mulitiview drawing of an object, sketch or draw the missing isometric pictorial view of the object.
As an additional exercise, create a solid model of the object.
Exercise 2.4 Missing View Sketches (1) – (2).
Exploration & Exercises in 3-D Modeling Sketching & 3-D Modeling Exercises for Spring 2012
2 Engineering Graphics, Sketching & Visualization for Solids
Name: _____________________ Date: ________ Lab Div#: ______Assignment #: _____
17
2.4 Multiview to Isometric Sketches Given the three view mulitiview drawing of an object, sketch or draw the missing isometric pictorial view of the object.
As an additional exercise, create a solid model of the object.
Exercise 2.4 Missing View Sketches (2) – (4).
