Technical Manual

pelagic

100

+44 (0) 8452 967751

+47 55 11 46 50+1 713 467 4748

[email protected]

Supplied by

Niche Products

pelagic

N che

PELAGIC 100

PRODUCTION

CONTROL FLUIDS

TECHNICAL PROFILE

Issue 09 (INTL): 23 January 2012rd

THE QUEENS AWARDS

FOR ENTERPRISE:

INNOVATION

2012

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DOCUMENT BACKGROUND

This document summarises of some of the technical data gathered to date, both within NicheProduct laboratories, and using independent third parties (including independent assessors),on Pelagic 100 Water Based Production Control Fluids.

The Pelagic 100 product range consists of:

Pelagic 100 (HC): Very High Glycol Version for use in extreme climates and for HydrateControl (such asArctic Circle).

Pelagic 100 (H): High Glycol Version for use in cold climates (such as North Sea).

Pelagic 100 (M): Medium Glycol Version for use in warmer climates (such as Australia and theGulf of Mexico).

The main chemical variation between the fluids is the level ofAntifreeze (MEG).

Unless otherwise stated, all data presented in this report is based on testing conducted onPelagic 100 (H) Control Fluid.

This document will provide a broad technical overview on the Technical Performance ofPelagic 100 Fluids and demonstrate our commitment to producing superior fluids that offer atechnical advance for this market sector.

Test methods used in the acquisition of the test data have been summarised as appropriate,with full test methods available on request.

DOCUMENT REVISION HISTORY

Please note that this document is subject to revision on a regular basis. Please ensureyou have the latest revision before using this data in applications of a critical nature.

Issue No. Revision Issue Date Authorised by Position

1 0 26/02/02 Dean Askew Research Director






7 (INTL) 0 15/05/08 Dean Askew Research Director

8 (INTL) 0 08/01/09 Dean Askew Research Director

9 (INTL) 0 23/01/12 David Gleeson R&D Manager

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

1.0 Pelagic 100 Technical Data Summary 4

2.0 Typical Physical Properties 5

3.0 Discussions with Equipment Manufacturers 6

6

4.0 Seawater Ingression Anti-Corrosion Testing 8

8

8

5.0 Galvanic Corrosion Protection 10

10

6.0 Seal and Elastomer Material Compatibility 11

11

13

7.0 Umbilical Hose Lining Test Data 14

14

14

15

8.0 Some Materials to Avoid 15

9.0 Lubrication & Anti-Wear Test Data 16

16

18

10.0 Seawater Compatibility Test Data 18

11.0 Completion Fluid Compatibility Test Data 19

12.0 Environmental Profile 19

13.0 High Temperature Fluid Stability Testing 20

20

20

14.0 Anti-Bacterial Protection 21

15.0 Buffering Against Glycolic Acid 21

16.0 Fluid Cleanliness 22

17.0 Packaging Options 22

18.0 Fluid Maintenance 22

19.0 Contact Details 22

3.1 Individual Metal Corrosion Test Data

4.1 Modified IP287 Test Results

4.2 Individual Metal Seawater Compatibility

5.1 Results from Digi Galv Galvanic Corrosion Work

6.1 Test Method Summary

6.2 Elastomer Compatibility Testing at High Temperatures

7.1 Steel Line Umbilical Test Data

7.2 Thermoplastic Umbilical Test Data

7.3 External Compatibility data on Nylon 11 Umbilical Hoses

9.1 Falex Lubricity and Anti-Wear Test Data

9.2 4 Ball Test Method (IP239)


13.2 Results Summary

Page

For the Development, Manufactureand Supply of Speciality Chemicals

Certificate No: 2906

Information given in this publication is based

on Technical Data gained in our own and

other laboratories and is believed to be true.

However, if the material is used in conditions

beyond our control, we can assume no

liability for results obtained or damaged

incurred through the application of the data

present herein.

emmaText BoxCertified ISO 9001-2008

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1.0 PELAGIC 100 TECHNICAL DATA SUMMARY

Pelagic 100 Subsea Control Fluids are low viscosity water based hydraulic fluids, specificallydesigned for operation in subsea production control systems.

Pelagic 100 subsea fluids are the most environmentally acceptable, technicallycompetentwater based production control fluids on the market today.

Pelagic 100 subsea fluids demonstrate equal or better technical performance to the best inclass control fluids across all technical performance areas.

Pelagic 100 subsea fluids have an upper temperature capability in excess of 170C.

Pelagic 100 subsea fluids have the best environmental profile of any subsea fluid on themarket today.

Pelagic 100 subsea fluids have >8 years positive field experience on >40 subsea fields andwells around the globe.

Pelagic 100 subsea fluids offer >5 years mixed fluid compatibility data, extensive equipmentand material compatibility and are extremely cost competitive.

Pelagic 100 Control Fluids are available in varying glycol concentrations to suit globaloperational climates.

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2.0 TYPICAL PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

Note: In the UK and Norwegian Sectors, Pelagic 100 (H) without the pink dye is referred tosimply as Pelagic 100 (without any designation letter present).

Property Pelagic 100 (H) Pelagic 100 (M) Pelagic 100 (HC)

Appearance Clear Mobile Liquid Clear Mobile Liquid Clear Mobile Liquid

Colour Colourless/Pink Colourless/Pink Colourless/Pink

Viscosity (cSt) @ 0 C 9.1 6.1 15.4

Viscosity (cSt) @20 C 4.0 2.8 7.4

Viscosity (cSt) @40 C 2.2 1.8 3.7

Pour Point ( C) -30 -24

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3.0 DISCUSSIONS WITH EQUIPMENT MANUFACTURERS

The first stage of the Niche Products test program involved discussions with major equipmentsuppliers to the industry to determine which metal and elastomer components are present intheir systems. Once specific metal types have been identified, samples of the metals arerequested from the relevant Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs), in the form individualmachined components or metal samples for further test. If samples are not available from theOEM in question, Niche Products source the metals required where possible.

3.1 INDIVIDUAL METAL CORROSION TEST DATA

Tests are carried out in the neat fluid and aged for 3 weeks, 6 weeks and 12 weeks following themethodology laid out in ISO 16328-6 Annex C Protocol with the followingdeviations/extensions.

Test pieces were aged at 70C, which is more severe than that required inISO 13628-06.

No substantial visible corrosion products or attacks on any of the metals,No significant amounts of deposits (particles or sludge) in the fluid at the end of the test.Corrosion rates shall show a clear declining tendency with time.Corrosion rate of the carbon steel shall < 10 m/year (12 w result).Corrosion rateAISI 316

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3.12 Tabulated Results for Metal Testing

Test MetalMetal

SourceISO 13628-6

Overall ResultVisual Metal

ResultVisual Fluid

ResultCorrosion

Rate Result

13 Chromium Niche Pass Pass Pass Pass

17-4-PH (UNS S17400)Z50000 OEM Pass Pass Pass Pass

9Cr 1 Mo Alloy 18/22C OEM Pass Pass Pass Pass

AISI 4140 OEM Pass Pass Pass Pass

AISI 430 FR OEM Pass Pass Pass Pass

AISI 440C OEM Pass Pass Pass Pass

Alloy K400 OEM Pass Pass Pass Pass

Alloy 450 UNS545000 OEM Pass Pass Pass Pass


Alloy K500 RND OEM Pass Pass Pass Pass

Aluminium Bronze (UNS C63000) OEM Pass Pass Pass Pass

AMS 5630 OEM Pass Pass Pass Pass

ASTM-A789 OEM Pass Pass Pass Pass

Becol (UNS C17200) Niche Pass Pass Pass Pass

Carbon Steel EN 10025 Grade S235 OEM Pass Pass Pass Pass

DGS 1043 OEM Pass Pass Pass Pass

Duplex 9490 OEM Pass Pass Pass Pass

Electroless Nickel Coated Steel OEM Pass Pass Pass Pass

Elgiloy OEM Pass Pass Pass Pass

Galvanised Umbilical OEM Pass Pass Pass Pass

Inconel 625 Niche Pass Pass Pass Pass

Inconel 718 OEM Pass Pass Pass Pass



KR16 OEM Pass Pass Pass Pass

MP35N OEM Pass Pass Pass Pass

Nibron Special OEM Pass Pass Pass Pass

Nitronic 50 OEM Pass Pass Pass Pass

Silicon Nitride Balls OEM Pass Pass Pass Pass

SS304 Niche Pass Pass Pass Pass

SS316 / A4-80 Niche Pass Pass Pass Pass

Steel 416/S21 Niche Pass Pass Pass Pass

Steel 431 Niche Pass Pass Pass Pass

Super Duplex OEM Pass Pass Pass Pass

Super Duplex HM8831 Niche Pass Pass Pass Pass

Super Duplex S32750 OEM Pass Pass Pass Pass


Titanium Niche Pass Pass Pass Pass

Tungsten Carbide with 6% Ni OEM Pass Pass Pass Pass

Toughmet 3 AT110 (UNS C72900) OEM Pass Pass Pass Pass

Zirconia OEM Pass Pass Pass Pass

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4.0 SEAWATER INGRESSION ANTI-CORROSION TESTING

In addition to the extensive individual metal corrosion testing outlined in section 3.0, a detailedinvestigation into the ability of Pelagic 100 fluids to withstand the corrosive effects of seawaterhas also been employed.

This testing began with a general test on high quality cast iron chips (modified IP287), asshown below, and was extended to cover a range of individual metals as outlined insection 4.2.

4.1 MODIFIED IP287 TEST RESULTS

4.2 INDIVIDUAL METAL SEAWATER COMPATIBILITY

From this testing we can see that Pelagic 100 Production Control Fluids offer excellent corro-sion protection, both as a neat product and after significant levels of seawater ingression.

In addition to the general seawater compatibility testing conducted in section 4.1, a moreextensive investigation into the ability of Pelagic 100 fluids to protect individual metals fromseawater corrosion was conducted on a cross section of metals commonly used in subseasystems.

This data was compiled using the test protocols employed in section 3.1 above with quantitiesof 0%, 2%, 5% and 10% seawater added to the test samples and the results are tabulatedoverleaf.

Percentage Seawater Added To Test Fluid

Product 0% Seawater 5% Seawater 10% Seawater 25% Seawater 50% Seawater

Pelagic 100

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4.21 Results of Testing

From this testing we can again see that Pelagic 100 Production Control Fluids offer excellentcorrosion protection, both as a neat product and after significant levels of seawater ingression.

Test MetalMetal

Source

Results with 0, 2, 5 and 10% Sea Water

ISO 13628-6Overall Result

Visual MetalResult

Visual FluidResult

CorrosionRate Result

13 Chromium Niche Pass Pass Pass Pass

17-4-PH (UNS S17400)Z50000 OEM Pass Pass Pass Pass

9Cr 1 Mo Alloy 18/22C OEM Pass Pass Pass Pass

AISI 410 OEM Pass Pass Pass Pass

AISI 440C OEM Pass Pass Pass Pass



Alloy K500 RND OEM Pass Pass Pass Pass

Aluminium Bronze (UNS C63000) OEM Pass Pass Pass Pass

Becol (UNS C17200) Niche Pass Pass Pass Pass

Carbon Steel EN 10025 Grade S235 OEM Pass Pass Pass Pass

DGS 1043 OEM Pass Pass Pass Pass

Duplex 9490 OEM Pass Pass Pass Pass

Electroless Nickel Coated Steel OEM Pass Pass Pass Pass

Elgiloy OEM Pass Pass Pass Pass

Galvanised Umbilical OEM Pass Pass Pass Pass





KR16 OEM Pass Pass Pass Pass

MP35N OEM Pass Pass Pass Pass

Nitronic 50 OEM Pass Pass Pass Pass

Silicon Nitride Balls OEM Pass Pass Pass Pass

SS304 Niche Pass Pass Pass Pass

SS316 / A4-80 Niche Pass Pass Pass Pass

Steel 416/S21 Niche Pass Pass Pass Pass

Steel 431 Niche Pass Pass Pass Pass

Super Duplex OEM Pass Pass Pass Pass

Super Duplex HM8831 Niche Pass Pass Pass Pass



Titanium Niche Pass Pass Pass Pass

Tungsten Carbide with 6% Ni OEM Pass Pass Pass Pass

Toughmet 3 AT110 (UNS C72900) OEM Pass Pass Pass Pass

Zirconia OEM Pass Pass Pass Pass

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5.0 GALVANIC CORROSION PROTECTION

In addition to the single metal and general corrosion data covered elsewhere in this report,Pelagic 100 Production Control Fluids have also been subjected to extensive GalvanicCorrosion analysis using cells of metal tested in line with TP013 (A), and also on the Digi GalvCorrosion analyser which is a standard test method used in the development of water basedsubsea control fluids.

The Digi Galv CorrosionAnalyser is a chemical electronics technique that allows the measure-ment in real time of the galvanic interaction of several metals in a cell. This test is generallyconducted at room temperature but can be conducted at higher and lower temperatures ifrequired.

Niche Products have manufactured their own test head for this technology, using metalscommonly found in subsea hydraulic systems, and this test head has been used to examinegalvanic interactions of 6 metals commonly used in subsea systems, both on the neat fluid andon the neat fluid with 10% Seawater added.

5.1 RESULTS FROM DIGI GALV GALVANIC CORROSION WORK

The galvanic results achieved for Pelagic 100, both with and without 10% seawater added areshown below.

Pelagic 100 with 0% Seawater Pelagic 100 with 10% Seawater

In general, any figure below 5Ais acceptable for any single metal in the cell and considered torepresent insignificant galvanic interaction. From the data it is therefore clear that insignificantgalvanic effects will be encountered when using these Pelagic 100 control fluids.

Metals Present in Galvanic Test Head

AISI 4140 Steel Monel K400

AISI 440C Steel Inconel 625

Aluminium Bronze 316 Stainless Steel

1A

0.5

0

-0.5

-1

AISI 4140 -0.4

Inconel 625 0.1

316SS 0.1

Steel 440c 0.1

Monel K400 0.1

Al Bronze-C 0.0

1A

0.5

0

-0.5

-1

AISI 4140 -0.1

Inconel 625 0.1

316SS 0.1

Steel 440c 0.1

Monel K400 0.1

Al Bronze-C -0.4

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6.0 SEAL AND ELASTOMER MATERIAL COMPATIBILITY

The first stage of this test programme involved discussions with major equipment suppliers tothe industry to determine which elastomer components are present in their systems. Oncespecific elastomeric materials have been identified, samples are requested from the relevantOEMs for testing. If samples are not available from the OEM in question, Niche Productssource the materials required where possible. General seal compatibility testing is thenconducted internally in our laboratories as outlined below.

Tests are carried out in the neat fluid at a moderate 70C and high temperature (maximum plus10C), respectively depending on the type of elastomer in question using the procedure laidout in ISO 13628-6 which is based onASTM D1471 without tensile testing.

The test specimens are weighed in air and in water and the ShoreAor D hardness is measuredon three replicate samples which are then exposed in separate vessels in the fluid at therequired temperature. The same samples are, by re-exposure, used for the exposure periodsof 1 week, 1 month and 3 months, respectively. Volume change and change in hardness aremeasured for each sample after each testing period.

No visible effect of the tested polymers on the appearance of the fluid.The appearance of the polymer materials shall not change during the test (somestaining by the fluid is permitted for materials which tend to discolour).Volume change shall not exceed the range -5 % to + 10 % at either temperature.The development in volume and hardness change with time shall show a cleartendency to stabilization.

Results are based on a median of the 3 elastomeric materials tested.In cases where insufficient quantities of seals to conduct testing in triplicate and/or inboth vapour and liquid phase exist, priority is given to liquid phase testing.Under circumstances where seal types submitted by OEM's are not sufficiently large togain an accurate Shore Hardness reading, the results for shore hardness are stated as'Non Measurable'.

Pelagic 100 has been shown to be compatible with a wide range of elastomeric materials inaccordance with ISO 13628-6 which are summarised overleaf.

Please note that Niche Products Ltd has a large additional database of elastomer test resultsbut we do not tend to publish this data directly for reasons of Client confidentiality. If therefore,you are interested in compatibility data for elastomers not shown overleaf please contact usand we can refer to our database for the outstanding data.

6.1 TEST METHOD SUMMARY

6.1.1 Elastomer Compatibility at 70C

ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA:

Important Notes:

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6.1.2 Summary of Results

Seal/ Elastomer Type Source % SwellHardnesschange

Anyissues?

ISO 13628-6

Aflas OEM Pass Pass None Pass

Arlon 1000 OEM Pass Pass None Pass

Chemraz OEM Pass Pass None Pass

EPDM Niche Pass Pass None Pass

Flourel OEM Pass Pass None Pass

FKM FR10/80 Niche Pass Pass None Pass

FKM V1238-95 OEM Pass Pass None Pass

HNBR90 453702 OEM Pass Pass None Pass

HNBR H9T40 OEM Pass Pass None Pass

Hytrel 6356 Niche Pass Pass None Pass

NBR90 N552-90 OEM Pass Pass None Pass

NBR70 N674-70 OEM Pass Pass None Pass

NBR N7022 OEM Pass Pass None Pass

NBR70 N7083 OEM Pass Pass None Pass

NBR90 N9002 OEM Pass Pass None Pass

Nylon 11 Niche Pass Pass None Pass

PEEK 450G Niche Pass Pass None Pass

Polyamide Imide OEM Pass Pass None Pass

Polyurethane OEM Pass Pass None Pass

POM OEM Pass Pass None Pass

PTFE OEM Pass Pass None Pass

PTFE Carbon - Filled OEM Pass Pass None Pass

PVDF OEM Pass Pass None Pass

Silicone Niche Pass Pass None Pass

Turcon T19 OEM Pass Pass None Pass



Umbilical Hose Liner OEM Pass Pass None Pass

Viton OEM Pass Pass None Pass

Viton V747-75 Niche Pass Pass None Pass

Viton KFM-FR 10/80 OEM Pass Pass None Pass

Viton Extreme Niche Pass Pass None Pass

Zurcon Z80 OEM Pass Pass None Pass

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6.2 ELASTOMER COMPATIBILITY TESTING AT HIGH TEMPERATURES

In addition to the 70C data outlined in the previous section, Pelagic 100 control fluid has alsobeen tested at higher temperatures for prolonged periods of time with several seal typescommonly used in hydraulic systems.

6.2.1 Results Summary

This data clearly shows that Pelagic 100 fluids have the ability to operate at extremely hightemperatures without adverse effects on the seal media types stated.

One Week Results from Test Data at 170 C

Changes Observed PEEK Chemraz PTFE

Fluid Appearance No change No change No change

Solids Present No change No change No change

Macro Seal Change No change No change No change

Micro Seal Change No change No change No change

Seal Swell Pass Pass Pass

Hardness Change Pass Pass Pass

ISO 13628-6 Pass Pass Pass

One Month Results from Test Data at 170 C









Three Months Results from Test Data at 170 C









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7.0 UMBILICAL HOSE LINING TEST DATA

Niche Products have conducted a detailed compatibility programme on umbilical hose liningsto ensure maximum compatibility with Pelagic 100 Production Control Fluids in service.

Steel Line umbilical compatibility testing has been conducted on components submitted byOEM steel line umbilical manufacturers Nexans Norway AS and Kvaerner Oilfield Products(Moss)AS.

This testing was conducted under the metal compatibility test protocol outlined in section 3.0,with an additional test conducted on one metre sections of each umbilical for visualexamination of both fluid and metal.

Testing was conducted on 3 differing diameter umbilical lines from each manufacturer and alltest data showed a grade 1 pass in all test criteria.

As a result of this testing, Niche Products is satisfied that Pelagic 100 Production ControlFluids show basic compatibility with submitted materials from both Umbilical Manufacturers(under normal operating conditions).

This test data was compiled using the elastomer test method outlined in section 6.0, on hoselinings submitted by Nexans Norway AS and on commerciallyobtained materials used inUmbilical manufacture such as Nylon 11 and several Hytrel Grades potentially used in thepast.

The results of this test data are outlined overleaf:

As we can see from the data, Pelagic 100 fluids were found to be compatible with all the gradesof potential umbilical manufacture material tested.

Please also note that while Niche Products are satisfied of base compatibility with the testedmaterials, compatibility in service is dependent on factors such as operatingtemperature/pressure and service life.

7.1 STEELLINE UMBILICALTEST DATA

7.2 THERMOPLASTIC UMBILICALTEST DATA

7.21 In-House Compatibility Data

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7.22 In-House Umbilical Material Compatibility Data

7.3 EXTERNALCOMPATIBILITY DATAON NYLON 11 UMBILICALHOSES

Pelagic 100 Production Control Fluid has undergone independent thermoplastic umbilicalcompatibility testing at NELLaboratories in Glasgow.

This test programme was conducted using industry test protocols specified withinAPI 17E andwas performed on Umbilical Hoses supplied by DUCO, who were also being provided with acopy of this independent test report.

This testing involved two separate test temperatures and times (70C for 3 months and 40Cfor 12 months). Results from this testing conclude that Pelagic 100 is compliant with the API17E protocols employed and this fluid range is therefore considered compatible with Nylon 11Thermoplastic umbilical liners.

Cadmium and Zinc PlatingAluminium andAluminium rubbing contactsSome Zinc &AluminiumAlloys -samples should be submitted for further test.Electroplated components -samples should be submitted for further test.Copper Metal -samples should be submitted for further test.Viton Impregnated CottonPorous seal materials and gaskets (e.g. paper or cork)Impregnated paper type Filter ElementsPaint coatings -samples should be submitted for further test

8.0 SOME MATERIALS TOAVOID

Listed below are several materials that have the potential to be incompatible with waterglycol hydraulic fluids in general.

Seal/Elastomer Source % SwellHardnesschange

Noted issues ISO 13628-6

Nylon 11 Bar Niche Pass Pass None Pass





Umbilical Liner OEM Pass Pass None Pass

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9.0 LUBRICATION &ANTI-WEAR TEST DATA

9.1 FALEX LUBRICITYANDANTI-WEAR TEST DATA

9.11 Results of Testing

Lubrication testing on Pelagic 100 Production Control Fluids was conducted using FalexLubricity Test equipment.

All testing was conducted independently on samples submitted by Niche ProductLaboratories.

The Falex tester measures the torque experienced on a rotating test pin submerged in the testfluid, as it is subjected to increasing load. The load on the pin is increased at 100lb incrementsand the torque measured at each load increment. On reaching 500lb load, the load is held for30 minutes and the level of wear on the test pin recorded in units of 'wear teeth'.

Agood lubricant is one that shows comparatively low torque and a low number of wear teeth.

Pelagic 100 Lubricity Profile

Load (Lbs)

100 200 300 400 500

To

rqu

e (

Lb

.ln

)

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

Pelagic 100

Competitor Product

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9.12 Results Discussion

From the data above, we can conclude that Pelagic 100 Production Control Fluids showsexcellent torque reduction potential and excellent wear characteristics.

Please note that several manufacturers, who supply equipment used in Subseaproduction control systems, have tested the lubricity parameters of Pelagic 100 with noadverse issues identified.

Wear Teeth and Torque after 30 minutes at 500lb Load

Pelagic 100

Wear

Teeth

& T

orq

ue (

Lb

.ln

)

0

Competitor Product

5

10

15

20

25

30 Wear Teeth

Torque after 30minutes at 500 lb

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9.2 4 BALLTEST METHOD (IP239)


9.22 Results Summary

This testing was carried out in line with IP239 under two main areas:

(a) Weld point test gives an indication of load carrying capability. The steel ball is loaded androtated against 3 fixed steel balls for 10 seconds.Arotation speed of 1460 is used.At the end ofeach 10 second run, a further weight is loaded onto the balls, and the test re-run using freshfluid. The test stops when the balls weld together. The weld point is the load at which thisoccurs.

(b) 1 hour wear test gives an indication of the prevention of metal wear. The load and speed ofrotation is fixed at the start of the test. Fresh fluid is added and the test run for 1 hour.After test,the scars on the 3 fixed balls are measured and an average taken. This is the Mean Wear ScarDiameter (MWSD).

The results show that Pelagic 100 fluid passes this specification as a raw fluid and oncontamination with 5% seawater aged at 170C for 4 months.

Pelagic 100-seawater mixtures were exposed for 4 weeks at low (5C), ambient (20C) andmoderate (70C) temperatures. The fluids were mixed with 5, 10 and in steps of 10 up to 50%artificial seawater (ASTMD1141-98). The pH-value of each mixture was measured.

The mixtures were then exposed at 5, 20 and 70C for 4 weeks. The appearance of the fluidwas observed and compared with the neat fluid, any solid matter was filtered off and the finalpH values was measured.

No precipitation or separation was observed with up to 10% Seawater after 1 month at 5C,20C and 70C. No fluid separation was observed with 20-50% seawater contaminationalthough Fine 'flowable' precipitates were present.

Note also that no precipitation or separation was observed with up to 10% Seawater after 6months at temperatures as high as 170C, under the test criteria outlined in section 15.0.

10.0 SEAWATER COMPATIBILITY TEST DATA

Test Rev/Min Specification Pelagic 100Pelagic 100 + 5% SW aged

4 months @ 170 C

Weld Point 1460 >120Kg min 400 280

1hr Wear 30kg 1460

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11.0 COMPLETION FLUID COMPATIBILITY TEST DATA

12.0 ENVIRONMENTAL PROFILE

Pelagic 100 control fluid was mixed with the following completion fluids in the mixing ratios99.5:0.5, 99:1, 98:2, 95:5, and 90:10.

Calcium chloride (CaCl2), calcium bromide (CaBr2), zinc bromide (ZnBr2), Potassiumformate (K-formate) and caesium formate (Cs-formate).

The actual brines were selected from commercially available products.

Each test was conducted at 5C and 20C, and samples were exposed undisturbed for 4weeks.

The appearance of the mixtures was observed instantly after mixing, after 1 hour, 1 day, 1 and4 weeks. The pH-value of each mixture was measured before and after exposure andcompared with the pH of the pure control fluid.

From the data set achieved, it was concluded that:

A flowable precipitate is observed with Calcium Chloride, Calcium Bromide and Zinc Bromide.As these precipitates are flowable, they would not be expected to be problematic in service.

Pelagic 100 Production Control Fluids have been tested in line with OSPAR legislation and arebelieved to be among the most environmentally acceptable Production Control Fluids everdeveloped, with superior biodegradation, low toxicity and no tendency to bioaccumulate inmarine species.

Pelagic 100 fluids do not contain any component within the formulation that has abiodegradation in sea water of less than 20% and the majority of the formulation containscomponents that exceed the upper 60% level and/or are considered to be PLONOR (PoseLittle Or NO Risk to the environment) and do not require testing under OSPAR legislation.

Overall, the environmental profile of Pelagic 100 Production Control Fluids meet thedemanding environmental profile required under OSPAR legislation not onlyfor today, but alsofor the foreseeable future.

This environmental profile makes the products suitable for discharge in Norway, UK andNetherlands, along with all other OSPAR countries.

In addition Pelagic 100 Fluids are also fully compliant with EPA environmental legislationcovering the Gulf of Mexico, with all toxicity results falling well within the required limits fordischarge.

Pelagic 100 fluids are fully compatible with Caesium and Potassium Formates.

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13.0 HIGH TEMPERATURE FLUID STABILITY TESTING

13.1 TEST METHOD SUMMARY

13.2 RESULTS SUMMARY

All high temperature testing conducted at Niche Product laboratories utilises high temperatureStainless Steel autoclaves, heated to the appropriate temperature, with samples periodicallyremoved at 1, 3 and 6 month intervals.

All samples removed from the test programme are examined against the unheated product,with particular attention paid to the following parameters:

1. Signs of wide variations in colour and general appearance.2. Signs of precipitation/solid formation, both on removal and over time.3. Signs of crystal growth over time.4. Signs of cloudiness, both initially and over time.5. Signs of fluid layer separation.6. pH variation.7. Large variations in viscosity.

Based on the test data outlined below, Pelagic 100 fluids are specified as fit for purpose attemperatures up to at least 170C, both with and without the presence of up to 10% Seawater.

Key:Pass indicates that the fluid passed all test criteria after the relevant test time.

Additional testing has also been conducted which proves Pelagic 100 Fluids fit forpurpose at temperatures up to 190C under certain conditions.

Length of Test % SeawaterTest Temperature

150C 170C

1 month result

3 month result

6 month result

0%

0%

0%

Pass

Pass

Pass

Pass

Pass

Pass

1 month result

3 month result

6 month result

5%

5%

5%

Pass

Pass

Pass

Pass

Pass

Pass

1 month result

3 month result

6 month result

10%

10%

10%

Pass

Pass

Pass

Pass

Pass

Pass

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14.0ANTI-BACTERIAL PROTECTION

15.0 BUFFERINGAGAINST GLYCOLICACID

Pelagic 100 Control Fluids do not contain a conventional organic biocide that is consumedunder prolonged bacterial and fungal attack. Instead, Pelagic 100 fluids optimised formulationprevents bacteria and fungus growing, rather than killing cultures as they grow.

This technology has an advantage in that it is not consumed as part of its protectivemechanism, leaving it better able to defend the fluid in the longer term. In addition, thistechnology also helps to minimise the risk of employee sensitisation as witnessed with manyconventional biocidal additives.

Niche products have several independent reports outlining the bacterial resistance of Pelagic100 fluids and these are available on request.

Water based production control fluids operating at high upper temperatures can be affected bythe formation of Glycolic acid, a strong acid that forms from the breakdown of MonoethyleneGlycol. As a result, it is critical that high temperature production control fluids are able to bufferagainst the formation of this acid in operation.

During the Pelagic 100 development process, great care was taken to ensure that Pelagic 100offered the best buffering action possible in line with other performance attributes and this isclearly demonstrated in the chart below.

Glycolic Acid Buffering of Control Fluids

Glycolic Acid Addition %

0

pH

Valu

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6

0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5

6.5

7

7.5

8

8.5

9

9.5

10

Pelagic 100

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16.0 FLUID CLEANLINESS

17.0 PACKAGING OPTIONS

18.0 FLUID MAINTENANCE

19.0 CONTACT DETAILS

Pelagic 100 Production control fluids are filtered to NAS 1638 Class 6 (ISO 4406 17/14/12)during manufacture and great care is taken during filling to ensure minimum particulatecontamination.

Pelagic 100 fluids are available for purchase in the following pack sizes:

210 Kilo UV Resistant plastic drums.1050 Kilo UV Resistant IBC containers (palletised).2,200 Litre Bulk 'Tote' Tanks suitable for transport offshore.Bulk Road Tanker.

Niche Products operate a fluid sampling system, where purchasing assets are encouraged tosubmit regular fluid samples to our laboratories for analysis of fluid properties and advice onfluid integrity.

Niche Products can offer advice on sampling on board and can also offer free sample bottlesand labels for this purpose.

Niche Products can also offer a fluid management system to customers which is designed toclean, circulate and monitor fluid integrity on board. Please contact our technical departmentfor further information.

Please feel free to contact our Technical or Sales Department at:

Niche Products LtdWalter Leigh WayMoss Industrial EstateLeigh, LancashireWN7 3PT, UK

Telephone: +44 (0) 8452 967751Facsimile: +44 (0) 8452 967752Email:Website:

[email protected]

Technical Manual

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