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ARCTIC INDIA ENGINEERINGA
ENTERPRISE
Going Green with Energy recovery
Presented byJagdeep Singh, General Manager
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Poor IAQ - Health ConsequencesCategorized as “SBS” & “BRI”
SBS -SICK BUILDING SYNDROME• No specific illness or identifiable
cause of discomfort• Cluster of complex irritating
symptoms incl.
– Headache,nausea, fatigue
– Dizziness , lethargy– Respiratory problems
– Coughing ,wheezing
– Eye ,nose & throat irritation– Dry skin ,skin rashes
– Sensory discomforts
BRI -BUILDING RELATED ILLNESS• A more serious condition• Symptoms of diagnosable illness
are identifiable• Cause of illness directly
attributable to environmental agents in air
• Diseases include :
– Legionnaire’s disease
– Sensitivity pneumonitis
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IMPROVING THE QUALITY OF INDOOR AIR • CONTAMINANTS’ SOURCE CONTROL-
ban smoking, limit use of formaldehyde , prevent radon entry by sealing foundation etc.
• REMOVAL OF CONTAMINANTS - accomplished by passive or active fresh air ventilation. – Concentration of airborne
pollutants is inversely proportional to the ventilation rate.
• AIR CLEANING AND FILTRATION EQUIPMENT - Not a single appropriate solution , though effective adjunct to source control
• Ozone released by ionizers , ozone generators and electronic air cleaners, being a lung irritant ,poses potential health hazard.
SOLUTION TO POLLUTION IS DILUTION!
Increasing fresh air ventilation is the practical and effective solution to improving indoor air quality
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VentilationThe preferred solution for Indoor Air Quality problems
Ventilation is the movement of air and it’s contained pollutantsto outdoors and flow of fresh air indoors.
• The flow of fresh air dilutes the concentration of pollutant indoors.
• It is ideal way of keeping indoor air clean.
However, simple mechanical ventilation increases the fresh airload on conditioning systems resulting increase in tonnage . . .more energy cost.
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Indoor Air Quality (IAQ)
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Ventilation RatesIAQ generally refers to the quality of the conducted air in an indoor environment. Other terms related to IAQ include Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ) and "Sick Building Syndrome".
ApplicationVentilation
Rate/personApplication
Ventilation Rate/person
Office spaceSmoking LoungeRestaurantsBeauty SalonBars/CocktailSupermarkets
20 cfm60 cfm20 cfm25 cfm30 cfm30 cfm20 cfm
AuditoriumConference RoomsClassroomsHospital RoomsLaboratoryOperating Rooms
15cfm20cfm15cfm25cfm20cfm30 cfm
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The Designer’s Dilemma• The conventional energy efficient building practices, resulted in construction of
‘tighter’ building spaces, using re-circulated air for ventilation. Poor design principles were employed to enable energy conservation in air-conditioned spaces, jeopardizing the health of the occupants.
• Fresh air ventilation runs contrary to the guidelines being followed by HVAC professionals. Higher fresh air ventilation needs translate into higher outdoor air changes per changes, which leads to more air-conditioning loads necessitating installation of higher capacity plants. This leads to higher initial cost and higher energy bills.
• The right humidity levels have to be maintained despite the increased ventilation rates and also to avoid expensive and inefficient solution like re-heat.
• New standards and increased awareness of the effect of IAQ on health necessitates the engineers and building designers conceptualize and provide cost effective solution to indoor air quality requirements.
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Ventilation Load
The "Ventilation Load Index" or VLI, is a fairly new term that is gaining popularity in our industry. It was introduced to emphasize the difference between the sensible and latent ventilation loads (in ton-hrs/cfm) of outside air introduced inside to a space neutral condition (72 degrees F/55% rh).
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Ventilation Load IndexCity
Name Sensible Latent Total Sensible Latent Total
Ahmedabad 8.78 16.61 25.39 5707 10797 16504
Amritsar 5.58 13.29 18.87 3627 8639 12266
Bangalore 3.35 16.02 19.37 2178 10413 12591
Bhopal 6.13 10.38 16.51 3985 6747 10732
Chennai 8.6 30.14 38.74 5590 19591 25181
Debnigah 3.48 19.55 23.03 2262 12708 14970
Delhi 6.94 14.22 21.16 4511 9243 13754
Guwahati 4.72 23.18 27.9 3068 15067 18135
Hyderabad 7.01 14.58 21.59 4557 9477 14034
Indore 5.74 9.25 14.99 3731 6013 9744
Jaipur 7.49 11.62 19.11 4869 7553 12422
Kolkata 6.85 27.62 34.47 4453 17953 22406
Lucknow 6.42 17.36 23.78 4173 11284 15457
Mangalore 6.64 26.6 33.24 4316 17290 21606
Mumbai 7.38 25.26 32.64 4797 16419 21216
Patna 6.78 20.48 27.26 4407 13312 17719
Pune 4.64 14.84 19.48 3016 9646 12662
Ranchi 4.32 15.66 19.98 2808 10179 12987
Trivandrum 7.68 17.12 24.8 4992 11128 16120
Vizag 7.78 30.72 38.5 5057 19968 25025
Ton - hours / SCFM 1000 (Ton - Hrs)
Load per year
Saving with ERV (65% eff. / 1000 cfm)
Ton – Hrs / Year
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Rotary Energy Exchangers
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Coil Energy Recovery Loop
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Heat Pipe Heat Exchangers
Fixed Plate Exchangers
Thermo-siphon Heat Exchanger
Fresh Air From Outside
Brings fresh, outside air into the unit. The fresh air filter removes large particles of dust and dirt from incoming fresh air.Stale Air From Building
Connects to the return air duct system in your home to draw stale, Indoor air into the ventilator core.
Stale Air to Outside
Removes the stale air from your home after the energy transfer has taken place in the high-efficiency core and exhausts it outside.
Fresh Air to Building
Divers fresh, filtered, conditioned air beck into your home comfort system.
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Enthalpy Wheels
The energy recovery wheel also has the additional advantage of being the only unit to deliver latent transfer efficiently. With the fresh air load patterns in India being highly latent in nature and also, that there is a need to maintain a lower humidity in the conditioned space, we shall focus on an energy recovery ventilator with enthalpy wheel.
The enthalpy wheel is perfectly suited to help control humidity. In summer when the outside is hot and humid the enthalpy wheel is able to cool and dehumidify the incoming fresh air and in winter when it cold and dry outside it is able to heat and humidify.
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MODEL:HRW-1500 FLOW DIAGRAM
DBT GR/# BTU/# DBT GR/# BTU/#S 108.0 77.4 38.2 S 82.2 74.4 31.4M 96.0 150.6 46.8 M 75.1 82.1 30.9W 48.0 26.8 15.7 W 65.7 49.1 23.4
FRESH AIR (F/A) SUPPLY AIR (S/A) EFF. PD "WC F/A 6650 CFM 6350 CFM S/A 80.5 0.65
E/A 6650 CFM 6350 CFM R/A 80.5 0.65
EXHAUST AIR (E/A) RETURN AIR (R/A) LEGENDDBT GR/# BTU/# DBT GR/# BTU/#
S 101.8 76.7 36.5 S 76.0 73.7 29.8 S SUMMERM 90.9 134.0 42.9 M 70.0 65.5 27.0 M MONSOONW 52.3 32.2 17.5 W 70.0 54.5 25.3 W WINTER
EFF EFFICIENCYENERGY RECOVERED PD PR.DROP IN
S 15.4 TOR INCHES WCM 37.1 TORW 65.2 K.W
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Enthalpy Wheels . . . Contd.
The enthalpy wheels with low first cost and maximum energy savings combine to give an extremely low payback. With the help of enthalpy wheels one can easily down size the installed air-conditioning equipment and can also result in negative pay back in many cases. Before we go into details of Energy recovery Ventilators it is important to understand the load patterns of our country. One useful way is to check the “Ventilation Load Index” of various cities.
Other advantages:
• Increases the SHF making it simple for cooling coil to handle the thermal load
• Would mean higher ADP’s hence higher CHW temperatures.
• Low row deeps of cooling coils
• Avoid re-heat.
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Normal Installation without any Energy Recovery
Supply Air
Fresh Air
Return Air
Exhaust Air
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Normal Installation with Energy Recovery Ventilator
Supply Air
Fresh Air
Return Air
Exhaust Air
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APPLICATIONSHealth Care – Nursing Homes, Hospitals, Clinics,
Specialty Centers, Clinical Labs. etc.
Entertainment – Cinema Halls, Multiplexes, Discotheques etc.
Hospitality – Hotels, Restaurants, Pubs, Banquet Halls, Fast - Food centers etc.
Commercial – Offices, Banks, IT complexes, Conference Halls etc.
Places of assembly – Schools, Temples, Educational Instt., Supermarkets, Showrooms etc.
Miscellaneous – Beauty Parlours, Gymnasiums etc.
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Fresh Air Treatment Equipments . . .
Equipment : TFA incorporating Energy Recovery Devicesalso know as Energy Recovery Ventilatorsor Fresh Air Preconditioners
• Typically for treating / preconditioning ventilation air i.e. fresh air.
• Achieving acceptable IAQ.
• Humidity control.
• Energy conservation / efficiency.
• To reduce the building envelope.
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Ecofresh TFA With Energy Recovery
Ecofresh Treated Fresh Air Unit
INSIDE
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Incorporate Enthalpy Wheels
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You decide…..Module-, compact- or outdoor configuration
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Technical improvements
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Flexomix
Test results for Flexomix
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Connection system:The unique design makes it possible for the assembler to choose from two different ways of connection when he assembles the unit in the machine room. You can use both guide strip connection or bolt joints inside the unit. The guide strip connection is hidden in the aluminium profile.
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Module system:The module system makes it possible to fit several functions in the same casing. Today’s Flexomix unit has one casing for each function. The maximal length of one module will be 2.4 m. The AHU price will off-course be considerable cheaper if you use as few modules as possible. The new module system will result in very cost effective supply Air units where several functions can be placed in the same casing. Unit functions in two levels (type rotary heat exchangers, mixing sections etc.) will have fixed casing dimensions and will not form part of the module system.
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Sizes:
Two more sizes are added to cover the flow range better. This makes it possible for you to easier select the right unit with the lowest LCC and also to calculate with a smaller unit if you wish to keep down the price. More compatiable both when the customer requires low running cost and requires a cost effective unit.
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Standard filter:
All sizes except size 060 and 100 will have filters in standard dimensions. A big advantage for customers that wish to keep their onw stock of filters.
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Maintenance Issues:
Damper made of anodised aluminium with all moving parts well protected from dirt and dust inside the damper gable.
Reliable operation maintenance-free even under tough circum-stances good tightness and corrosion free.
Deep folded bag filters with big filter areas and good sealings.
Not necessary to change filters very often. The good tightness reassure a that the air passes the filter and clean air to the room is of high quality.
Solid construction with good sealings between Supply and Exhaust air. Test has been made in U.S. and the leackage is minimal !
All data are verified and checked concerning efficiency and pressure drop !
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Fan system possible to slide out when it time for service. Saves time and money !
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Products for air treatment for use in the medical service and the pharmaceutical industry
When air handling systems are installed in buildings where you carry on activities in the field of nursing and treatment of pharmaceuticals the demand for fresh and clean air is very high. This means that the air handling system must be designed so the hygienic aspect is satisfactory.
It is above all the selection of materials and the possibility to in an easy and effective way clean the air handling system that makes the design hygienic.
The expression " Air handling unit in hygienic design" means that it must be possible to in an easy and effective way clean these units' exterior and interior parts. It should be designed in a way that prevents growing of bacteria. It is also very important to design the complete unit to make it possible to inspect and clean between the different section parts like coils and heat exchangers. The components shall be easily removable; for example the fans The material used shall be resistant towards corrosion.
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LCC Life cycle cost
Energy
Total cost ventilation systemRunning time 20 years
Smart investments saves money!
- Air handling with the focus on LCC -
Latest technology
Oldertechnology
Investment
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WHAT IS AN ERV?
An energy recovery ventilator (ERV) is a type of mechanical equipment that features a heat exchanger combined with a ventilation system for providing controlled ventilation into a building.
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BASIC COMPONENTS OF AN ERV
• Ecofresh Enthalpy Rotor (Molecular Sieve Coated), sealed with Feather Touch Brush Seals to Minimize Cross Contamination and Ensure Long Life, for recovering both Sensible and Latent Energy
• Exhaust and Supply blowers for ERV 850, 1200 & 1700 (Radial Flow fans for ERV 250 & 500)
• Synthetic Pre-filters for Removing Particulate Contaminants
• CNC Manufactured 18G / 20G Powder Coated Cabinet with 16G / 12G Frames.
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TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION & SYSTEM FLOW DIAGRAMSERV 250 / 500
SUPPLY DUCT EXHAUST DUCT SUPPLY EXHAUST BED DRIVE NOISE APPROX. AC POWER
MODEL AIR FLOWCONNEC- AIR FLOW CONNEC- BLOWER BLOWER MOTOR LEVEL SHIPPING SOURCECMH TION CMH TION WATT WATT WATT (dbA) L W H WT. IN KG.
IN mm IN mm
ERV-250 250 200 250 200 85 85 25 45* 850 535 560 65 230V/1Ph/50Hz 65%
ERV-500 500 200 500 200 85 85 25 45* 950 615 560 75 230V/1Ph/50Hz 63%
EFFICIENCY
DIMENSIONS IN MM (EXCLUDING BASE
FRAME)
*Measured At 3 Mtrs. Distance (At 90 Degrees), When Unit Is Ducted.
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TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION & SYSTEM FLOW DIAGRAMSERV 850
SUPPLY DUCT EXHAUST DUCT SUPPLY EXHAUST BED DRIVE NOISE APPROX. AC POWER
MODEL AIR FLOWCONNEC- AIR FLOW CONNEC- BLOWER BLOWER MOTOR LEVEL SHIPPING SOURCE
CMH TION CMH TION WATT WATT WATT (dbA) L W H WT. IN KG.
IN mm IN mm
ERV-850 850 300x200 850 300x200 155 155 25 45* 1150 655 575 90 230V/1Ph/50Hz 65%
DIMENSIONS IN MM (EXCLUDING BASE
FRAME) EFFICIENCY
*Measured At 3 Mtrs. Distance (At 90 Degrees), When Unit Is Ducted.
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TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION & SYSTEM FLOW DIAGRAMSERV 1200 / 1700
SUPPLY DUCT EXHAUST DUCT SUPPLY EXHAUST BED DRIVE NOISE APPROX. AC POWER
MODEL AIR FLOW CONNEC- AIR FLOW CONNEC- BLOWER BLOWER MOTOR LEVEL SHIPPING SOURCECMH TION CMH TION WATT WATT WATT (dbA) L W H WT. IN KG.
IN mm IN mm
ERV-1200 1200 400x300 1200 400x300 650 650 40 45* 1450 1050 560 160 230V/1Ph/50Hz 65%
ERV-1700 1700 400x300 1700 400x300 650 650 40 45* 1630 1100 560 180 230V/1Ph/50Hz 65%
EFFICIENCY
DIMENSIONS IN MM (EXCLUDING BASE
FRAME)
*Measured At 3 Mtrs. Distance (At 90 Degrees), When Unit Is Ducted.
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What is Cross Contamination?
✔ Contaminants from Exhaust Air Stream are “Carried Over” to Supply Air Stream
✔ Can be Caused by the Following:
– Desiccant Carry Over
– Seal Bypass
– Media Carry Over
– Improper Air Flow Configuration
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Relative Particle SizesParticle Size vs Molecular Size
(microns vs angstroms)
SMALL BACTERIA
Small Dust Particle
1 angstrom one ten-billionth of a meter
1 Micron (one ten-millionth of a meter)
1.8 Microns
Relative sizes of Various Materials in Angstroms
Item Size (Å)Hair 15000Bacteria 340-10000Viruses 160-270Chloroform 6.9Toluene 6.7Propylene 5.0Ethanol 4.4Methane 4.0Ammonia 3.6Water 2.8Oxygen 2.8
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APPLICATION IT OFFICE BUILDING IN CHENNAI LOCATION CHENNAI DESIGN PARAMETERS FRESH AIR REQUIREMENT 244800 CFM
INSIDE CONDITIONS DBT(DF)/ RH
HOURS OF WORKING/DAY 20 (Call Centre)
MONSOON - 74 55+-5%
SUMMER - 74 55+-5%
WINTER - 74 55+-5%
MONSOON - 83 80
ASSUMPTIONS
SUMMER - 103 83.2
WINTER - 65 57
POWER TARIFF/KWH RS.5.5
POWER CONSUMPTION (KW/TOR) 1.1 K.W
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MODEL SELECTED TFA –FLEXOMIX 150 x 102 TOTAL ENERGY RECOVERED WITH WHEEL (All 102 Units) SUMMER - 1296 TORMONSOON - 1090 TORWINTER - 1076 K.W
VENTILATION LOAD INDEX (VLI) FOR CHENNAI = 38.74 Tonnes Hrs / yr
Power consumption (w/o Heat Recovery wheel)
= 20/24 x 300/365 x 244800 cfm x 38.74 x 5.5 x 1.1
= 392 Lakhs / Year
Power consumption (with Heat Recovery wheel)
= 20/24 x 300/365 x 244800 cfm x 38.74 x 5.5 x 1.1 x (1-0.805)
= 76 Lakhs / Year
Savings per year = 316 lakhs / year
Savings for twenty years = 63.2 Crores
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COST OF WHEEL WITH TAXES & DUTIES = 1,71,60,000/- EXTRA DUCT COST = 5, 00,000 /- NET SYSTEM COST = 1,76,60,000/- COST REDUCTION IN A/C SYSTEM DUE TO REMOVAL OF 1000 TR – 1000 X 25,000/- =RS. 2,50,00,000/- FIRST COST REDUCTION - Rs . 2,50,00, 000 – Rs. 1,76,60, 000 = Rs. 73,40,000/- PAYBACK - NEGATIVE
FIRST COST SAVINGS = Rs. 73,40,000/-,IN ADDITION
ANNUAL ENERGY SAVINGS = RS. 3,16,00,000/-
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ESTIMATED AIR - CONDITIONING LOADS
S.No Description of area Occupancy F/A CFMConsidered
A/c Loadwithout HRW
A/c Loadwith HRW
GROUND FLOOR
1. Anchore Store – 3 Ground Floor 205 2050 67.57 56.96
2. Lobby – Ground Floor 22 56.62 7.74 7.44
3. Shops South – Ground Floor 178 234.37 47.33 46.09
4. Atrium - Ground Floor 130 6767 67.5 31.79
5. Shops North - Ground Floor 155 1700 41.62 40.53
6 Anchor Store- 1 Ground Floor 170 670 58.57 49.6
7. Anchor Store - 2 Ground Floor 67 237 24.59 20.63
8 Business Club - Ground Floor 9 4.3 3.05
FIRST FLOOR
9. Shops South – Ist Floor 345 1025 107.33 101.92
10. Shops North – Ist Floor 351 462.15 99.94 97.5
11. Passage – Ist Floor 92 10325 94.72 40.24
12. Atrium – Ist Floor NIL 180.65 9.13 8.19
13. Anchor Store- Ist Floor 407 2845 103.82 88.81
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SECOND FLOOR
14. Shops South – IInd Floor 345 1025 107.33 101.92
15. Shops North – IInd Floor 351 462.15 99.94 97.5
16. Passage – IInd Floor 92 10325 94.72 40.24
17. Atrium – IInd Floor NIL 180.65 9.13 8.19
18. Anchor Store- IInd Floor 407 2845 103.82 88.81
THIRD FLOOR
19. Theatres – III rd Floor 1442 21630 227.4 113.25
20. Multiplex Foyer – III rd Floor 470 9400 100.67 51.06
21. Ticket Counter – III rd Floor 100 2000 22.33 11.78
22. Food Court – III rd Floor 1000 20000 337.08 231.54
23. Hypermarket – III rd Floor 600 13800 279.2 209.82
SUB TOTAL 2115.6 1546.57
IT OFFICES(4 th TO 10 th FLOOR)
24. IT Club – IV th Floor 517 10340 165.21 110.64
25. IT Club – V th Floor 403 8060 133.72 91.18
26. IT Club – VI th Floor 403 8060 133.72 91.18
27. IT Club – VII th Floor 403 8060 133.72 91.18
28. IT Club – VIII th Floor 403 8060 138.77 96.24
29 IT Office – IX th Floor 204 4080 67.99 44.79
30. IT Office – X th Floor 204 4080 73.17 51.64
SUB TOTAL 846.3 576.85
TOTAL 9475 147245.6 2962.08 2123.44
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OPTION I WITH DIVERSITY @ 80% in Multiplex and 85% in IT office 2411.8 1776
OR SAY 2400 TR 1780 TR
SAVINGS= 636 TR INSTALLED TONNAGE = 1776 TR
OPTION IIPROPOSED FRESH AIR @ 20 CFM/PERSON 189500
TOTAL TONNAGE 3255.02 2186.42
WITH DIVERSITY @ 80% in Multiplex and 85% in IT office 2673 1835
OR SAY 2670 TR 1835 TR
SAVINGS= 838 TR INSTALLED TONNAGE = 1835 TR
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OPTION I
(With 1,47,246 cfm of Fresh Air as per present design)
Tonnage W/O Heat Recovery Wheel (HRW) = 2412 TR
(With 80% diversity in Mall) & 85% diversity in IT offices
Tonnage with Heat Recovery Wheel = 1776 TR
(With 80% diversity in Mall) & 85% diversity in IT offices
Reduction in Installed tonnage with HRW = 636 TR
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SAVINGS (with HRW)
SAVINGS IN FIRST COST
Reduction in Tonnage = 636 TR
Reduction in Project Cost due to capacity reduction in Chiller, pumps (CHW & CDW)
piping, cooling Tower, valves, exhaust blowers etc.. = Rs. 25,000 x 636
= 1,59,00,000/-
Cost of Treated Fresh air units with
Heat recovery Wheels = 1,10,00,000/-
Savings in first Cost = 49,00,000/-
Savings in Running Cost
Ventilation Load Index for Kolkata = 34.47 tonnes hrs/ cfm /year
Energy Load for total fresh air of 147246 = 34.47 x 147246 tonnes hrs/year
= 5075570 tonnes hrs/ year
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Power consumption W/O Heat Recovery Wheel (for fresh air) only
MALLS
For 16 hrs per day for 365 days = 16 x 365 x 96506 x 34.47x 5.5 x 1.1
24 365 = 134 lacs per year
IT OFFICE
For 20 hrs per day for 300 days = 20 x 300 x 50740 x 34.47 x 5.5 x 1.1
24 365
= 73 lacs per year
Total power consumption (for fresh air only) = 207 lacs per year
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Power consumption with Heat Recovery Wheel (for fresh air) only
MALLS
For 16 hrs per day for 365 day = 16 x 365 x (1-0.75) x 96506 x 34.47x 5.5 x 1.1
24 365
= 33.5 lacs per year
IT OFFICE
For 20 hrs per day for 300 days= 20 x 300 x (1-0.75) x 50740 x 34.47 x 5.5 x 1.1
24 365
= 18.25 lacs per year
Total power consumption (for fresh air only) with Heat recovery wheels
= 51.75 lacs per year
Hence Annual Savings = 155 lacs per year
Total Savings for 20 years = 31 Crores of energy saving
(approximate life of equipment)
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ENTERPRISE
TO SUMMARIZE . . . . .
With the Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) becoming increasingly important,
HVAC professionals have been on the look out for economical and
good engineering solutions. Energy recovery especially enthalpy
wheels have come out as a winner providing cost effective solutions
to the problem even in tropical countries like India having high latent
loads.
Energy recovery equipment with inbuilt recovery system, supply air
and exhaust air blowers, filters offer a good and complete solution
and has become a standard accessory to Split, Duct able, package
and central plant systems.