Montreal Protocol MOP-20, 16 – 20 Nov 2008, DohaTEAPTEAP

20th MOP - Doha

Critical Use Nominations

MBTOC Cochairs: Mohamed Besri Michelle Marcotte Marta Pizano Ian Porter

QSC Taskforce Chair: Jonathan Banks

TEAP

0

10,000

20,000

30,000

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60,000

19911992

19931994

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19971998

19992000

20012002

20032004

20052006

2007

MB

con

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etri

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Baseline Non-Article 5

Baseline Article 5

MB consumption Non-Article 5

MB consumption Article 5

MB Global Consumption 1991-2007

Consumption 2007

Non A5 - 6,000 t

A5 - 6,146 t (approx.)

Note: Reported Production for QPS Uses in 2006 - 10,275 t (approx)

TEAP

• Reported consumption in 2007 was 38% of the total A5 baseline, down from 45% in 2006.

• Since 2003, total consumption (on average) has fallen by 1,420 metric tonnes per year (2003 – 2007).

• Over 93% of consumption in 2007 in A5 countries is being scheduled for phase out under projects funded by the MLF by 2015 or earlier.

Progress in A5 Parties in 2007

TEAP

Reported or estimated global QPS production

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16000

1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008

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Quarantine and Pre-shipment

• Largest remaining production of an uncontrolled ODS.• Quantities for particular QPS uses not defined - last

detailed survey was in 2002. • 2006 QPS production - 34% of total MB production.

TEAP

MBTOC Workplan for 2009 CUN Round

CUN 09 Nominations submitted by Parties 24 January 2009

Questions of clarification to Parties 7 March 2009

CUN 09 considered at MBTOC meeting MBTOC - S: April

MBTOC - QSC: April

CUN 09 considered at TEAP meeting 27 April - 1 May 2009

TEAP Report published on web Late May 2009

29th OEWG (bilaterals) 20 - 24 July 2009

MBTOC supplemental meeting/report (If MBTOC is ‘Unable to Assess’ some nominations)

September/October 2009

21st MOP November 2009

TEAP

Meta-analysis Update

• The TEAP Special Report was published in May 2006.

• Clarification on the metaanalysis process was supplied to the US in May 2007.

• Detailed description of all studies,treatments and all published papers used in meta-analysis was also supplied to the US in August 2007.

• Response to Decision XIX/9 provided to the OEWG-28 in 2008.

• In response to issues raised at the OEWG a teleconference with the US was held and a summary provided in August 2008.

• After further requests at a bilateral meeting held in Alassio in September 2008 a detailed written response was provided to the US.

TEAP

Critical Use Nomination Overview

20th MOP - Doha

TEAP

Trends in Total Amount (mt) of MB Approved or Nominated for Critical Uses from 2005 - 2010

Total amounts approved for critical uses continue to fall in all countries, but at different rates.

0

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2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Australia

Canada

EC

Israel

Japan

New Zealand

Switzerland

USA

TEAP

MB Amounts Approved or Recommended for Approval by Parties for Continuing

Nominations (2005 to 2010)

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Australia 147 75 49 48 38 [36]

Canada 62 54 53 42 34 [30]

Israel 1,089 880 966 861 [611]

Japan 748 741 636 444 305 [267]

USA 9,553 8,082 6,749 5,356 4,262 [3,233]

TOTALS 16,050 13,418 9,160 6,996 [5,250] [3,567]

NZ, Switzerland and the EC have ceased submitting CUNs.

TEAP

2008 Nominations and Recommendations

by Party (metric tonnes)Approved

2009Nom. 2009

Rec.2009*

Nom.2010

Rec.2010

Australia 38 38 [36]

Canada 34 6 [5] 30 [30]

Israel 699 [611] - -

Japan 305 289 [267]

USA 4,262 3,399* [3,233]

Totals 4,639 705 [616]* 3,756 [3,567]

MBTOC recommended amounts under consideration for the 2008 round are shown in brackets. * Renominated amount.

TEAP

Progress in MB Phase out by Sector

In the 2008 round, MBTOC considered nominations for 4740 t MB for soils uses and 321 t MB for post harvest uses requested for either 2009 and 2010. Amounts in 2010 were revised downwards by 602 t.

95% of the reduction of MB for controlled uses in non A5 countries is for phase out for preplant soil uses.

MB Consumption (tonnes)

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1995 1998 2001 2005 2008

Soils

Post Harvest

TEAP

Reported Stocks of MB (Dec IX/6 1,bii)

MBTOC has not accounted for stocks when evaluating CUNs

Party

Quantity of MB as reported by Parties at the end of 2007

(metric tonnes) Australia 0Canada 0.348 EC 8.446Israel 190.450Japan 17.594New Zealand 5.500

USA

Total

6501.000

6723.338

TEAP

MBTOC Soils

20th MOP - Doha

TEAP

Nominations for preplant soil use of MB in 2009 and 2010

Preplant Uses CUN 2009 CUN 2010 *Broomrape in vegetables Israel -

Cucurbits, incl. melons Israel, Japan, USA Japan, USA

Forest Nurseries USA USA

Ginger Japan Japan

Nurseries (fruit, nut, flower) USA USA

Orchard replant USA USA

Ornamentals Israel, USA USA

Peppers and eggplant Japan, USA Japan, USA

Tomatoes USA USA

Potato, Sweet potatoes Israel, USA USA

Strawberry fruit Israel, USA USA

Strawberry runners Australia, Canada, Israel, USA Australia, Canada, USA

* Israel has not yet applied for MB use in 2010

TEAP

MB Preplant Soil Use - 2008 CUN Round

31 CUNs submitted, 12 for 2009 and 19 for 2010. 10 nominations were reassessed based on new

information from the parties after the OEWG-28. The US revised their total nominated amount from

3722.23 t to 3164.982 t to account for uptake of iodomethane which obtained a new registration in Florida and reregistration in all States except California. (Revised nominations were received for tomatoes, strawberries, ornamentals and peppers).

Japan submitted new technical advice on its action plan to phase out by 2013, and this led to reassessment of four CUNs (cucumbers, peppers, melons, watermelons).

TEAP

Changes in nominated and recommended amounts of MB for preplant soil uses after the interim report (May 2008)

Party CUN Initial Nom.

Interim Rec.

Revised Nom.

Final Rec.

Japan* TOTAL 221.40 152.87 - 199.90

USA

Cucurbits 340.405 266.199 - 302.974

Peppers 658.952 457.299 463.282 463.282

Ornamentals 111.391 92.912 95.204 84.617

Strawb. fruit 1191.815 998.063 1103.422 1007.477

Tomatoes 994.582 704.715 737.584 737.584

TOTAL 3297.145 2519.188 2739.897 2595.934

* Japan sectors reconsidered - cucumber, peppers, melons & watermelons

TEAP

Final recommendations for soil use in 2009 and 2010 (metric tonnes)

Total

Quantity approved in CUN07 for 2009 4,191.498

New quantity nominated for 2009Recommended Not Recommended

697.048608.454

88.594

Initial nomination for 2010Revised nomination for 2010 after OEWGRecommendedNot Recommended

4,042.582 3,485.2983,297.800

187.498

TEAP

Progress in phase out of MB for major preplant uses - Vegetable crops

The US (5), Israel (4) and Japan (4) are the remaining nominating parties. Other parties have phased out MB for vegetable crop uses.

Tomatoes

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2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

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Greece

Italy

USA

Cucurbits and Melons

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France

Greece

Israel

Italy

Japan

USA

TEAP

Progress in phase out of MB for major preplant uses - Strawberry fruit crops

US and Israel are the remaining nominating parties. Australia, EC (France, Spain, Italy, United Kingdom) and New Zealand have phased out MB for this use.

Straw berry Fruit

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2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

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France

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TEAP

Standard presumptions used in the 2008 round

 

 

Film Type

Maximum MB Dosage Rate (g/m2)* in MB/Pic mixtures considered effective for:

Strawberries and Vegetables

Nurseries*

Orchard Replant

Ornamentals

Barrier films - Pathogens

12.5 15 15 15

Barrier films -Nutsedge

15.0 17.5 17.5 17.5

No barrier films - pathogens

20 20 20 20

No barrier films - Nut sedge

26 26 26 26

• During the CUN round of 2008, the maximum dosage rates considered necessary for specific uses and film types are shown below.

• A review is being conducted of commercial rates adopted with different films.

* Maximum rate unless certification specifies otherwise

TEAP

Economic feasibility of Iodomethane (IM)

At the request of the United States at the OEWG-28, MBTOC considered the economic feasibility of IM in a partial budgeting analysis framework.

• For many crops and locations, IM is an economically feasible alternative.

• The cost for fumigant is typically a relatively small share of total costs and variable production costs.

• After adjusting for dose rates expected to provide equivalent yields, IM/MB price ratios of 1.4 to 2.0, result in percentage changes in net revenue which can be very small (<2%) for high value cash crops (>US$50,000/ha).

TEAP

In early 2008, registration of iodomethane was obtained in 45 US States, and a non timebound reregistration granted. The US reduced the nominations by 558 t to account for this progress. Registration of IM is expected in Australia, Israel & Japan.

A number of other chemicals are now in the registration process for specific sectors, including dimethyl disulphide (DMDS) in Europe and the USA and ethane dinitrile (EDN) in Australia and a range of new herbicides.

Issues raised by the CUN08 for preplant soil CUNs

TEAP

CUN Preplant Soil Uses - Significant Issues

• Australia and Canada could reduce CUNs if they adopt regulatory changes that lower MB dose rates and/or adopt barrier films for strawberry runners.

• Japan has further developed an action plan with alternatives identified to achieve phase out for all preplant soil uses by 2013.

• Israel is considering registration of chloropicrin and 1,3-D/Pic to reduce MB use.

• Israel, Japan and SE USA continue to increase use of barrier films to reduce MB dose rates, however they are still prohibited in California.

TEAP

MBTOC QSCQuarantine, Structures and

Commodities

MOP-20 Doha, Qatar

TEAP

MBTOC QSC CUNs for 2007- News of Progress!

• EU publication of Maximum Residue Limits (MRLs) for fluoride resulting from SF treatment of dried fruit and nut commodities resulted in ~ 55% reduction in US commodities the 2010 CUN because their main export market is the EU.

• Development of alternatives for high moisture dates is being conducted under aegis of UNIDO. New information from the US indicates the dates in their CUN are also high moisture fresh dates.

• Applicants with CUNs continue to support research efforts on alternatives in commercial scale trials and adaptations and to make necessary contributions to registration efforts.

TEAP

2008 CUNs for 2009 and 2010

Party CUN Final Nomination (tonnes)

Recommendation

Australia Packaged Rice 7.82 6.65

Canada Flour 22.878 22.878

Canada Pasta 4.74 4.74

Israel Dates 2.1 2.1

Israel Flour mills 0.3 0.3

Japan Chestnuts 5.4 5.4

US Commodities 19.242 19.242

US Food processing facilities 37.778 37.778

US Mills and processors 191.993 173.023

US Dry cured pork 4.65 4.64

TEAP

QSC CUN Summary

• Australia rice 2010; nominated 7.82 tonnes. Recommended 6.65 tonnes. Australia reported rice growers beleaguered by drought will not adopted alternatives until rice harvest revert to pre-drought levels.

• Canada flour mills 2010, nominated 22.878. Recommended. Canada requested less MB than is required for one MB fumigation per year per mill. A new regulatory change allows sharing of MB allocation, within the sector, to the neediest mills.

• Canada pasta 2009; reduced nomination of 4.74 was recommended. This allows partial treatment of three pasta mills. Canada’s currently has a zero MRL for fluoride residue from SF treatment of flour mills or pasta facilities. This makes the use of SF difficult or impossible under some circumstances.

• Israel dates; nominated 2.1 tonnes. Recommended. Doing research to try to expand heat treatment to other varieties

TEAP

QSC CUN Summary cont’d

• Israel flour mills, 2009; nominated 0.3 tonnes. Recommended. Industry may replace MB with spot heat treatments by 2010.

• Japan chestnuts, 2010; nominated 5.4 tonnes. Recommended. Methyl iodide suitable but not yet registered.

• US commodities 2010; reduced nomination from 43.007 tonnes to 19.242 tonnes. Recommended. We hope a new understanding of its date sector will enable the US to expand date research.

• US food processing facilities 2010; nominated 37.778. Recommended. CUN indicates 2010 as final year for transition in herbs and spice equipment and processed food facilities, except cheese in storage.

• US mills and processors 2010; nominated 191.993. Recommended 173.023. Reflects significant decreases in rice milling and pet food processing approx 24% decrease in flour milling.

• US dry cured pork 2010; nominated 4.65. Recommended. There is no technically effective and registered alternative for this use.

TEAP

CUE/CUNs for 2009 and 2010assessed in 2008 round (metric tonnes)

Total Initial nominations 321.808Revised nominations 277.746

Additional quantity nominated for 2009* 7.14 Additional quantity recommended for 2009 7.14

Quantity nominated for 2010 270.606MBTOC recommendation for 2010 269.436 •*Not including first round of CUNs in 2007 for 2009

TEAP

Current Status of Technical Efficacy, Costs and

Adoption of Methyl Bromide Alternatives in Flour Mills

• MBTOC’s review of the current status of flour milling alternatives was published in May TEAP report.

• Flour milling is the largest non QPS post harvest MB use in CUNs from Canada, Israel and the United States.

• MB nominations have declined each year, but slowly.• Some flour mill representatives express continuing concern

about the efficacy and cost of alternatives.• Fumigators with experience in alternatives say they work and

costs are reasonable.• MBTOC’s report summarizes methods to ensure flour mill pests

-- at all life stages -- are controlled with MB alternatives

TEAP

Key Technical Concern

• There are consistent indications of the ineffectiveness of SF in killing insect eggs at low or ambient temperatures,

• Unlike MB, current regulations do not allow SF to contact many food ingredients present in mills.

• These factors sometimes discourage the adoption of SF.• As with MB, which also does not always kill all insect life

stages present, other pest management methods could be deployed to keep the mill pest free.

• Insect eggs can be killed by increasing SF dosage rates, but adds cost and might not be the wisest choice from a total environmental perspective.

TEAP

Non-MB Mill Pest Control Findings

• Intensive sanitation and enhanced integrated pest management (IPM) are prerequisites to full site treatment.

• Heat treatments – 50°C for 24-36 hours - are effective when carefully planned and executed with additional pest barriers.

• SF fumigations should be conducted jointly with heat to a temperature of 27°C (80°F) to achieve satisfactory egg kill. In many cases, supplemental heat will be required.

• The majority of pest control operators achieved technical efficacy and comparable costs as they gained skills and experience in treating a particular mill.