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Transcript of Team 4's White Paper Project
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Kristin Rachel Presto, LeInterview
Dylyan Smith, Lead Writ
Richard Prince, Lead Compi
Nathan Stopnytsky, Le
Edit
Kristin Willingham Le
Research
The Green InitiativeProfessional WritingENC 3250
August 9, 2013USF summer 2013
Prepared for: Dr. Tobienne
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1.Executive Summary and Introduction
2. Discussion:
a.Green Initiativesb.Campus Smoking Banc. LEED U.S. Green Building councild.Student Initiativese. USF Residence Hallf. Bull Runner Transit Systemg.Biodiesel in the University Work Fleet
3. Interview
4. Conclusion
5. Annotated Bibliography
Table of Contents
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Executive Summary:
Focus will be attributed to the many
programs and initiatives launched by the
University of South Florida in maintainingand promoting a green sustainable campus.
Introduction:
The University of South Florida is
attempting to go green, and this report will
explore the efforts that the university has
taken in order to become a sustainable
campus. It will focus on the efforts made by
the universitys main campus in Tampa,
along with looking at the efforts made at its
satellite campus in St. Petersburg and
Lakeland; they seem to also be making
strides to go green.
The University has made strides in the
efforts to promote sustainability not only
with their students and faculty, but also
within their regional community. The effortshave not only been recognized locally, but
also on a national level with recognition
from the
Princeton Reviewers Guide to 286 Green Co
llege in 2010, a guidebook which focuses sol
ely on Universities
and Colleges which demonstrate a commitm
ent to sustainability on campus
through different initiatives. In order to
further explore the University of South
Floridas attempts at going green we have
explored the Universitys own websites,
other green initiative articles, and an
interview for a first person perspective on
the sustainability efforts, along with how
affective the most popular initiatives havebeen.
This report is not meant to persuade one to
think that the University of South Florida
has done all it can to be a leader in
sustainability in its community, but this
report will show you all it has done thus far,
and let you as the reader draw your
conclusion whether or not the University of
South Florida has done its part in going
green.
Green Initiatives at USFSP
Smoke Free
Campus
USF
Bullrunner
RecyclingEfforts StudentInvolvment
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The University of South Florida-St.
Petersburg is getting the most out of its
beautiful campus by taking the initiative to
clean things up around campus. To clean
things up would be taken in the context of
picking up trash or something to that
magnitude but the university has taken it a
step further adapting a going green policy
around its campus. As stated on the schools
website, one of the missions of this policy is
to be committed to environmental
stewardship and sustainability around the
campus. As one of the universitys six core
strategic goals, environmental stewardship
helps frame the core objectives.
USF-St. Pete has implemented the going
green concept in a number of ways that
efficiently aligns with the strong suits of its
mission. In the largest of ways USF has
constructed its Science and Technology
building (STG)
to be the first LEED Certified Gold
building in the USF System and along with
the new multi-purpose student center
seeking LEED certification. According to
the U.S Green Building Council (USGBC),
LEED is a program that provides third-party
verification of green buildings. LEED or
Leadership in Energy & Environmental
Design is the independent entity that
builders around North America can be
certified for their sheer techniques applying
green principles to their construction efforts.
According to the USGBC, in order to be
certified a building must pass an
independent verification process having a
sustainable site development, water savings,
energy efficiency, green material and indoor
environmental quality. Having taken classes
in this building, I can say from first-hand
experience that this building has a cleaner
atmosphere. On the first floor in the lobby a
http://www.usfsp.edu/blog/category/construction/http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=OPOounCVAOnhNM&tbnid=L723-AvK8-dhaM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.wusf.usf.edu/radio/program/university_beat/episode/2010-02/usf_st._petersburg_leed_building&ei=RewEUqWUB6aIygHyg4GYBA&bvm=bv.50500085,d.aWc&psig=AFQjCNHx9v8qFEbLmT5LdJT4CBuU5IKlCg&ust=1376140695505622http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=OPOounCVAOnhNM&tbnid=L723-AvK8-dhaM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.wusf.usf.edu/radio/program/university_beat/episode/2010-02/usf_st._petersburg_leed_building&ei=RewEUqWUB6aIygHyg4GYBA&bvm=bv.50500085,d.aWc&psig=AFQjCNHx9v8qFEbLmT5LdJT4CBuU5IKlCg&ust=1376140695505622http://www.usfsp.edu/blog/category/construction/ -
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small board with a scientific visual
explaining how the building is saving energy
is available for the students to see. It is very
descriptive and provides great information.
USFSP has been nationally recognized
among universities for its efforts going
green because of changes like the STG
building.
Another highlight around the campus for its
going green efforts are the partnerships with
local organizations the schools has which
has attributed to the success of this new
policy. The partnerships have helped USFSP
offer students a more environmentally
friendly computing experiences by offering
initiatives such as: battery disposal at local
battery recycling centers, disposal of our
computer parts at local recycling centers,
automatically powering off idle lab and
classroom computers, mobile phone, battery
and print cartridge recycling, promoting,
purchasing RoHS compliant low-power
computer hardware and peripherals,
purchasing recycled paper and recycling
used paper for all Campus Computing
needs, including computer lab printers.
Students and faculty have involved
themselves by starting societies and
attaining government funds to forward this
process. According to USFSPs website,
started in fall 2011, the Student Green
Energy Fund will accrue approximately
$300,000 for renewable energy and
efficiency projects on campus over the
course of three years. Led by Student
Government, USFSP established a
committee comprised of 50% students to
ensure that students have a major voice in
the renewable energy dialogue. Students
may also submit proposals to the Student
Green Energy Fund committee for projects
such as solar panel procurement and
installation the website says. As a visual aid
of the campus wide changes the Student
Environmental Awareness Society conducts
beach plantings and clean-ups along
Bayboro Harbor. Each Earth day, about
200 native plants, such as sea purslane, are
added to the beach strand to promote
sustainable and educational ecosystem that
reduces erosion.
Campus Smoking Ban-
In attempts to coexist with the campus green
changes, USFSP took it another step and
implemented a campus smoking ban. In
http://www1.usfsp.edu/sgefhttp://www1.usfsp.edu/sgefhttp://www1.usfsp.edu/sgefhttp://www1.usfsp.edu/sgef -
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January of 2012 USFSP became the first
entire USF institution to go tobacco-free.
The USF Tampa campus made the change in
2009 so it only made sense for the jewel of
USF being St. Pete to follow suit. The
mission for the smoking ban was to promote
health around the campus and community.
USFSP has strengthened their resources to
accommodate students who may not be quite
fond of the change by providing on campus
resources such as: educational and
relaxation resources for students (through
Wellness Center), smoking cessation classes
(open to all students, faculty & staff),
employee assistance program, free quit kits.
USFSP asks that all people on campus
comply with the wishes of the school. Maps
are available so the boundaries of the school
are known and will help
students/faculty/vendor awareness on where
smoking is prohibited. City streets run
through the campus but according to USFSP
the city streets are a part of the non-smoking
areas also. The map of the boundaries can be
found on the schools website, front office,
and campus boards around campus. The
non-smoking ban is formally known as a
USF System Policy, 0-606, Non Smoking
Areas, Section II. According to policy 0-607
SP, enforcement of this policy depends
upon the cooperation of all faculty, staff,
students, vendors and visitors not only to
comply with this policy, but also to
encourage others to comply with the policy.
Anyone who is in violation of the policy
(including faculty, staff, students, vendors or
visitors) should be politely reminded of the
policy and asked to comply by discarding
the tobacco product. Any student who
continually refuses to abide by the policy
may be considered in violation of the
student Code of Conduct and subject to its
disciplinary procedures. Continuing
violations by any faculty or staff member
will be handled through normal University
processes. All attendees at public events,
such as conferences, meetings, public
lectures, social events and cultural events
using USFSP facilities are required to abide
by this policy. Organizers of such events are
responsible both for communicating this
policy to attendees, and for its enforcement.
http://www.usfsp.edu/wellness/services/wellness-services/http://www.usfsp.edu/wellness/services/wellness-services/http://www.usfsp.edu/adminservices/human_resources/TrainingandWorkshops.htmhttp://www.usfsp.edu/adminservices/human_resources/TrainingandWorkshops.htmhttp://www.usfsp.edu/saffairs/ccc/documents/EmployeeAssistanceProgram.htmhttp://www.usfsp.edu/saffairs/ccc/documents/EmployeeAssistanceProgram.htmhttp://www.usfsp.edu/adminservices/human_resources/TrainingandWorkshops.htmhttp://www.usfsp.edu/adminservices/human_resources/TrainingandWorkshops.htmhttp://www.usfsp.edu/wellness/services/wellness-services/http://www.usfsp.edu/wellness/services/wellness-services/ -
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When it comes to rules we know college
students are ideal for going against the grain
and using their wit to find loop holes in the
system. USFSP has already designed an
efficient policy by even defining what
smoking tobacco is on campus to counter
the attack of a clever student. Policy 0-607
SP defines smoking tobacco as any product
made of tobacco including, but not limited
to, cigarettes, cigars, cigarillos, pipes, bidis,
hookahs, and any and all chewing tobacco
products. Smoking is defined as inhaling,
exhaling, burning, carrying or possessing
any lighted tobacco product. Tobacco Use
means the personal use of any tobacco
product whether intended to be lit or not,
which shall include smoking as defined
above, as well as the use of an electronic
cigarette or any other device intended to
simulate smoking and thus use of smokeless
tobacco, including snuff, chewing tobacco,
smokeless pouches, or any other form of
loose-leaf smokeless tobacco, and the use of
unlit cigarettes, cigars, and pipe tobacco.
Not only did USFSP make the change to go
green but the decision to make the campus
non-smoking shows how dedicated the
school is to the wellness of the students.
Having no smoking on campus truly makes
the campus a better place and it looks a lot
cleaner than the other schools that allow
smoking or have a designated area to smoke.
The numerous amounts of resources the
schools offers pertaining to smoking, makes
a student feel like the school really has the
best interest at heart. USFSP has created
more than a policy; they have created a
comfortable and peaceful environment for
their student to thrive in. After all, the
campus is known as the jewel of the Bay.
Smoking around campus would cause that
jewel to become cloudy and any person
knows once a jewel becomes cloudy, it loses
its value.
LEED U.S. Green Building council-
When the universitys Tampa campus was
constructed in 1956, a cost efficient low
maintenance approach was taken for the
construction of the campuses buildings. A
simple post and beam concrete structure and
brick infill was done exposing the concrete
frame. Many would consider its architectural
character bland and unappealing. However,
thorough the years the Universitys Tampa
campus has undergone numerous
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construction projects to modernize the
campus and add a visible appeal to the
buildings.
While architects were at work drafting ideas
for aesthetically pleasing buildings, the
University was working closely with
USGBC or the United States Green Building
Council to ensure that the many projects
done around campus were both
environmentally beneficial and friendly.
The USGBC is a non-profit organization
which promotes sustainability in the manner
of how buildings are designed, built, and
organized. The organization developed the
Leadership in Energy and Environmental
Design green rating system or LEED which
provides third-party verification for green
buildings. LEED oversees every aspect of
the building process from design, to
construction, to operations and maintenance.
After a building project is finished the
USGBC presents the project with a LEED
certification and based on the amount of
point-based credits they acquired through
sustainability construction and completion,
the project can go on to earn one of four
levels (Certified, Silver, Gold, Platinum.)
Since its humble inception in 1993 the
USGBC has rapidly expanded from a tiny
volunteer group of six volunteers and one
committee to a massive 200 volunteer, 20
committee, 200 full time staff, and 13,000
member organization with over 77 regional
chapters spanning the United States with a
regional chapter located in the University of
South Florida. Since 1993 the number of
gold certified buildings has increased
rapidly as more projects are taking an
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initiative for sustainability.
The universitys Tampa and satellite
campuses have had several buildings take
the green initiative as they underwent
construction. The Dr. Kiran C. Patel Center
for Global solutions on the Tampa main
campus was built as a certified LEED
project; other Tampa's buildings including
the Interdisciplinary Sciences building, and
Wellness and Nutrition center underwent the
same process as well. The Science and
Technology building on the St. Petersburg
campus was a LEED certified project and
the USF polytechnic campus in Lakeland
Phase I for future growth expansion has also
planned to be constructed under USGBC
guidance with intentions of being LEED
gold certified.
Along with the building of LEED certified
construction projects, a lot of older buildings
found themselves LEED certified as they
underwent renovation. The Chemistry,
Education, Science Center, and Kopp were
all LEED certified as they underwent
renovations. The librarys roofs along with
several other roofs throughout the campus
were replaced with high insulation and
reflectively value. SRI (Solar Reflective
Index) was added to 15 roofs over a course
of three years. The square footage equaled a
total of 410,865 sq ft. Southern window
exposures had sunscreens installed along
with high efficiency glass, to lower the
amount of heat trapped in buildings.
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The New Patel Center for Global Solutions
Building incorporated a rainwater harvesting
apparatus which collects rainwater into a
cistern then has it plumbed out for urinal and
toilet use. At the Marshall Center the
Running of the Bulls reuses waste water
from the campuss Heating Ventilation and
Air Conditioning System. With the inclusion
of these many genius and clever methods the
Universitys older buildings are able to
achieve sustainability and LEED
certification.
The USGBC has three accredited
professionals on facilities planning and the
construction staff for the University.
However, they are not the only USGBC
members who provide priceless consultation
and aid for building projects, the University
houses its very own USGBC chapter on the
Tampa main campus. The members of the
USF USGBC not only help around campus
through informational lectures but they also
take the streets assisting in various projects
around the city of Tampa offering
consultation and promoting sustainability
and LEED certified construction to localconstruction project managers and
supervisors.
The sustainability efforts and green initiative
has also caused the school to send designs
for the Sun Dome and campus Golf Course
so they can be considered for LEED
certification. As Christian Wells, director of
the office of sustainability stated during his
interview with the Oracle in 2011, The
LEED certification process is a very useful
way of helping us design, build, and operate
eco-friendly buildings on campus. This is
important because academic buildings are
not neutral factors in the learning
environment- our buildings have a hidden
curriculum that teaches students just as
effectively as our courses do. If we want our
students to be environmentally literate,
global citizens, then we need to teach our
classes in buildings aligned to this goal.
As the University plunges forward with its
sustainability efforts, the USGBC will
continue in its efforts to make current and
future buildings LEED certified. Daniel Yeh
an assistant professor in environmental
engineering said while being interviewed by
the Oracle Its important to get LEED
certification, its a statement about the
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Universitys commitment to sustainability,
Daniel Yeh also teaches a course on LEED
certification and mentions how it is a worth-
while investment for the University.
Student Initiatives-
Student initiatives on USFSP campus
include STARS, also known as Student
Tracking, Assessment & Rating System.
This program was designed for Association
for the Advancement of Sustainability in
Higher Education (AASHE). This allows
colleges to gauge their efforts to going green
and compare to other Universities around
the country. Institutes are able to earn points
in three categories including: Education and
Research; Student Engagement and Public
administration; and Operations. The
University of South Florida earned a Gold
rating for their efforts in going green. This
allows USF to gauge where they stand and
how they can improve and implement new
programs onto their campus. There is room
for improvement but USF is making a
conscious effort to evaluate there going
green initiatives and how they can get more
students involved.
USF Residence Hall-
Currently residence halls at USF do not
recycle anything but paper, this of course is
a huge amount of waste that is going un-
recycled. There are currently efforts being
made to change all of this, however, as it
stands now USF dorms are producing large
amounts of recyclables that are simply being
thrown away. USF dorms are making some
efforts to go green, even teaching students
the art of composting to create fertilizer in
their dorm rooms. Students are given large
bins with layers and layers of soil and
worms to break down the food. The
composting bins are kept clear of any meat
or dairy to reduce smells. Students seem to
enjoy it and like the fact that they are able to
help in going green, there is even a proposal
being made that would allow the fertilizer to
be used in the gardens around campus.
Another way students seem to be getting
excited about going green is the
competitions that are being held between
USF and other universities. These
competitions, known as recylemania, are
held to see which university can recycle the
most campus waste. These friendly
competitions get students excited about
recycling and educated at the same time.
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Bull Runner Transit System-
With the large student base at USF, the not
so ideal parking situation, and the size of our
campus, the Bull Runner provides a greatservice for student and faculty to utilize. The
Bull Runner consists of 30 vehicles that
operate over a 6 route transit system. Of
these 30, 13 are transit style, 9 of which
Bluebird with Cummings engine and 6
Thomas with Cummings engine. The other
17 are Cutaway style, consisting of 11 Ford,
7.3 power stroke engines, and 6 Chevrolet,
6.5 Dura-max engines. In 2002 the Bull
Runner went 100% green by introducing the
use of biodiesel fuels. The biodiesel
initiative is beneficial for a number of
reasons; it stimulates local economies and
reduces our dependence on foreign sources.
USF uses environmentally friendly fuels that
are derived from renewable sources.
Sources of biofuels include vegetable oils
such as rapeseed, corn, mustard, soybean,
sunflower, macadamia, coconut, and peanut
seeds. Chicken fat is another form of biofuel
that can be used because of the glycerin that
can be extracted and converted into a clean
burning fuel. This is all done through a
process called transesterification.
Transesterification is the chemical process
in which triglyceride lipid fat molecules can
be shattered into four molecules using
methanol and caustic soda as a catalyst
(BiodieselUSF). The chart below assists in
breaking down this process:
Most combustion ignition petroleum
engines can run off of biofuels, with little
engine modifications needed. Biodiesel can
be mixed with regular fuels with mixture
ratings such as B20, which consist of a 1:5
ratio of biodiesel to fuel. However the ideal
is no mixture of fuels, strictly biodiesel rated
at B100 burns at the cleanest possible rate.
Upon the conversion to biofuels, minimum
problems were presented and the only real
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consistent problem was the constant need to
replace fuel filters. Depending on the make
of the vehicle, the older fuel filters would
lead to problems including broken down
engines and clogged fuel filters. However,
some immediate benefits we saw were the
elimination of black clouds being released
from exhaust and an overall improvement in
the environment, especially immediately
surrounding bus stops. Unlike biodiesel,
standard petroleum bases fuels release and
array of greenhouse gasses and pollutants
into the atmosphere, including unburned
hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, sulfates,
polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, nitrated
polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and
particulate matter.
The biodiesel start up shed a positive light
on USF and its going green movement. USF
was one of the earlier universities to roll
such a large transportation system into a
green fleet, this lead to a Green Fleet
award from the city of Tampa Bay. Since
going green has many positive impacts,
other colleges and universities looked to
USF for guidance on implementing theirown green transportation.
Meeting the minimum EPA standards for
emissions does not seem to be a problem for
USF, who falls well below the mark. Not
only does USF have one of the cleanest bus
transit systems, it also has many electric
vehicles around campus.
With the implementation of the Bull
Tracker, students can now use their mobile
devices to track the busses through AVL or
automatic vehicle location system. They can
check arrival times and even download a
live map that tracks their specific bus.
Students often find that they purchase very
costly parking permits only to run into a
terrible parking situation. This along with
rising gas prices has created a jump in the
number of riders on the bull runner.
For students who do not have a reliable form
of transportation, with an active USF ID
card, students get to ride the HART because
of an agreement USF and HART came to in
2005. All of the Bull Runner routes connect
to at least one HART local bus route, which
makes it very easy for students to leave
campus without driving.
Interview with Eileen Dabrowski-
To get a better understanding of what efforts
USF is making towards going green we
interviewed someone that can give us a
unique perspective. We felt that it would be
appropriate to get the perspective of not only
someone who works on campus in a
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department that works very closely with
physical plant at USF, but also a student. We
chose to interview Eileen Dabrowski. Eileen
completed her undergrad at USF in biology
and considers herself very consciously
aware. She is currently a victim advocate at
the University of South Florida and also
former president, and now advisor, to the
student organization N.I.T.E. One function
that this student organization serves is
conducting a walk during the evening to
evaluate campus safety, physical plant
attends and a strong partnership has
developed in collaboration with the NITE
walk. Eileen not only works on the main
USF campus but also attends graduate
school and is very active in campus wide
events. Eileen was very eager to give her
input into what USF has done in regards to
going green as well as what she feels they
could improve on. When discussing what
USF is doing to go green: Eileen responded
I know for the past few years USF has been
considering adding a green fee to the student
activity fee. But it did not get enough
approval. I think adding this fee to tuition is
a small price to pay for the good it can do.
As students there are many unnecessary
things that come out of tuition, however, this
is definitely not one of them. Ei leen, are
you aware of any green ini tiatives currently
taki ng place on campus?Yes, there are
several. USF is trying to work with a private
recycling company to work with student
housing for recycling. There is currently no
recycling other than paper in the student
residence halls. Just that alone would make a
huge difference in going green. I know there
is a lot of talk and it seems like there is a big
push for it to happen. Then of course the
program with the smart cars, they are now
adding charging stations in the parking
garage and around campus. I think the car
sharing program is great, not only is it green
but affordable for students. Another great
program is the borrow a bike program
through campus recreation. Because Eileen
not only works at USF but also has a vested
interest as a student in programs that USF
may offer we asked her: what she felt USF
could continue to do in Going Green?I
think education and awareness; I dont think
many students are aware of the programs
that are even offered. Getting them
advertised and in your face would be a
great start. Its all about education,
especially when it comes to going green.
Students remember what they see on a daily
basis. Recycling on campus would make a
huge impact, just from the students that live
on campus alone. That is thousands and
thousands of people that are producing a lot
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of waste that is not being recycled at all. Its
sad.
Biodiesel in the University Work Fleet-
1.1 What is biodiesel?
Biodiesel fuel is an alternative fuel source
that is considered environmentally
sustainable. This is because it is made with
renewable, plant-based resources such as,
vegetable oil or fat. The process to make
these resources viable is called
transesterfication; which removes the
glycerin from the vegetable oils or fat in
order to make it non-toxic, biodegradable,
and fuel-grade. The Environmental
Protection Agency has strict standards in
order for biodiesel to be considered fuel-
grade with industry specifications to ensure
proper performance. There is also a lack of
sulfur and other traditional aromatics; all of
which is making biodiesel promising for the
long-term.
1.2 Biodiesel versus petroleum diesel
The energy efficiency ratio of both fuels is
very similar. It has been said that the
biodiesel and petroleum diesel fuels cost are
similar when in operating a fleet. The
overall production, manufacturing,
transportation, biodiesel in turn has a 2.75%
less energy efficiency ratio than traditional
fuel. There are many more benefits to using
biodiesel rather than petroleum diesel.
Biodiesel is a more efficient fuel; this is
purely due to the fact that it takes about one
quarter the amount of fossil fuel to produce
one unit of biodiesel fuel than it does to
produce one unit of petroleum diesel fuel.
USF chose biodiesel, rather than other
alternative fuels because it has the least
emissions when burned, it is renewable,
unlike the other alternative fuels which are
finite.
1.3 USF switching to biodiesel
In 2002, the University of South Florida
took the initiative without any pressure from
legislatures, to switch their Bull-Runner
shuttles from petroleum diesel to 100%
biodiesel fuel. This transition, along with
USFs many electric brought the
universitys emission level well below the
EPAs set minimum standard emission
levels for safe air.
The Environmental Protection Agency
recommends that when switching to
biodiesel one should use 80% petroleummixed with 20% biodiesel, but USF
transitioned their Bull-Runner fleet from
100% petroleum to 100% biodiesel right
away. This did not cause any additional cost
in regards to vehicle engines, and did not
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void any warrantees for the university. The
only additional cost that the universitys
Bull-Runner fleet has encountered is a need
to more frequently change the vehicles fuel
filters. Due to biodiesels nature of being a
natural solvent; it also has a nature of
leaving residue, which could in turn eat the
paint. For that reason the filters of the
shuttle fleet must be changed once a week,
or every 500 miles. This is considered the
down side to using biodiesel.
1.4 The Most Cost Effective Transition
As of 2013, the University of South Florida
maintains their commitment to have all the
Bull-runner shuttles run on 100% biodiesel
fuel. Maintaining the shuttles mechanical
infrastructure was an adjustment for those
who maintain the vehicles. Along with the
additional cost for mechanical maintenance
crew having to change the filters weekly;
USF has also had to purchase a specialty
fuel tank that will not become corroded by
the residue biodiesel leaves. However, the
overall all energy cost becomes about equal
to that of running on petroleum fuel. For that
reason USF thought it would be best to
transition their shuttles overtime; in order
for the maintenance crews to adjust to the
system, and work out the kinks and the
initial additional cost that go along with
working with biodiesel. This seemed to be
the most cost effective way to reach their
goal of fully using the sustainable fuel.
With doing so, USF has found that a mixture
of biodiesel and petroleum diesel is the most
efficient economically, while still being
sustainable, but being able to average a
higher mileage per gallon.
Wrapping it up-
The sustainability effort launched by the
University of South Florida is not limited to
just one department or facility. The Tampa
campus makes use of multiple departments,
facilities, and colleges to aid in the
collective effort of sustainability. Since 2010
the University has received national
recognition for its efforts and didnt stop
there. In fact since that period many other
initiatives and organizations have been
started and carried out to provide a green
and sustainable campus
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Annotated Bibliography
1. Aimee, A. (n.d.). "Campus smoking ban takes effect Jan. The Crow's Nest, 2011. Web. 1
Aug. 2013 Retrieved from http://crowsneststpete.com/2011/11/22/campus-smoking-ban-
takes-effect-jan-2012/
The smoke free policy is another aspect that is part of USFs going green efforts. USF has
implemented a smoke-free campus policy at their St. Petersburg campus. This is significant to
the project because it will be the first USF institution that will be entirely smoke-free. This
shows the Universitys efforts to set forth clean air policies, and its efforts to make green
decisions; even if they are unpopular to some students and faculty. This policy will be a great
point to make in the project, because it is merely a policy not a law. Therefore, it will be
interesting to explore how effective the policy has been on the St. Petersburg campus.
2. "Biodiesel Basics. National Biodiesel Board, 2013. Web. 1 Aug. 2013 biodiesel.org
This website provided useful information about what biodiesel technology consists of and how it
is beneficial to the environment. This site also includes the impact that switching to biodiesel has
on the "going green" initiative.
3. "Biodiesel at USF Green and Gold 2008. Web. 1 Aug. 2013 Retrieved from usfweb2.usf.edu
This source contains information about the history of the bullrunner at USF as well as how it has
made a significant impact on the University. This source also contains statistics on the ridership
before and after switching to biodiesel as well as the efficiency of the vehicles used. In addition,
this source discusses the partnership that USF has created with HART bus systems which has
further helped the "going green" initiative.
4. "Bullrunner ridership increasing. April 29th 2011. Web. 1 Aug. 2013
This source provided information and statistics on the ridership increase after the bullrunner
switched to biodiesel. This source also discusses how the bulltracker device has also contributed
to the success of the bullrunner and its partnership with the public transit system.
http://c/Users/Kristin/Downloads/usfweb2.usf.eduhttp://c/Users/Kristin/Downloads/usfweb2.usf.edu -
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5. Dabrowski, E. (2013, Aug 02). Interview by R Preston. Interview with Eileen Dabrowski.
The purpose of this interview was to get a better understanding of what efforts USF is making
towards going green we interviewed someone that can give us a unique perspective. We felt that
it would be appropriate to get the perspective of not only someone who works on campus in a
department that works very closely with physical plant at USF, but also a student.
6.. DeAnnuntis, C., & Chaumont, A. D. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.nctr.usf.edu/pdf/527-
01-2.pdf
This is a helpful resource because it is a peer reviewed study done by USF in 2002, on the
economic efficiency of using biodiesel fuel for the Bull-runner shuttles. It will be helpful,
because of its detailed description of what biodiesel is, and how environmentally sound biodiesel
is, compared to other alternative fuel sources.
7. Divya, Kumar "Leed Certifications at USF in Progress." USF Oracle. Sep.29, 2011. Web.
Aug. 5, 2013. .
This article is about the LEED certified building at USF. It is a useful source because being
LEED certified means that the building has met the sustainability requirements set by the LEED
counsel. Becoming LEED certified means that the university must have dedication to
sustainability, because the building must be recertified annually; along with USFs goal to have
more LEED certified buildings in the future. This certification is a staple to USF going green,
and making their campus sustainable.
8. Dhingra, A. K., & Sullivan, M. (2011, January 18).Tobacco and smoke free campus. Retrieved
from http://www1.usfsp.edu/adminservices/USFSP_policy/documents/USFSP_0-607.pdf
This will be useful for the project because a popular going green initiative has done by one of
USFs satellite campuses. USF St. Pete has gone tobacco free, and this is the official written
policy. It contains how USFSP defines tobacco, and how the campus plans to enforce the policy.
This policy shows that the campus is following in the Tampa campuss footsteps of trying to
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make the community air cleaner. However, the policy is virtually unenforceable, because it is
only a policy. Therefore, leaves questions of how serious this satellite campus is taking the
universitys mission to be sustainable.
9. "Green Initiatives | Undergraduate Admissions." 2012. Web. 1 Aug. 2013. Retrieved from
http://www.usfsp.edu/undergrad/green/
This resource outlines the type recycling programs that are available at USF. These programs
demonstrate one of the topics the research project is looking at in pursuit to find out if USF has
done its part in going green. These programs demonstrate USFs efforts to become a more green
campus. Keeping in mind it does not include all of USFs campuses. These effo rts include
promoting students and staff purchasing electronics that use less energy.
10. "LEED | U.S. Green Building Council." 2005. Web. 1 Aug. 2013. Retrieved from
usgbc.org/leed
This source contains detailed information on why it was a significant step when the Science and
Technology Building became the first gold LEED certified building at the University of South
Florida. The source outlines the qualifications that must be met before a building will be LEED
Certified Gold. LEED certification is a benchmark of going green, and an ongoing certification
to ensure the building continues to stay green; which includes saving energy, money, and
water; along with other resources year after year. This source shows USFs long term
commitment to making their campuses sustainable.
11. Reduce, Reuse, RecycleMania.University of South Florida News. April 2010. Retrieved
from http://news.usf.edu/article/templates/?a=2266
This resource will be helpful for the project, because it displays USFs efforts to get the
community involved in their green efforts, and becoming a sustainable campus, and community.
It will also be helpful in giving a better description of programs and events that USF does to
involve students, faculty, and the surrounding communities to recycle, and become more
sustainable.
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12. "Student Initiatives Patel USF.Patel College of Global Sustainability. Web. 1 Aug. 2013
Retrieved from: http://psgs.usf.edu/usf-office-of-sustainability/initiatives/student-
initiatives/
The Office of Sustainability is a resource for USF to explore becoming a sustainable university.
This resource office is something unique for USF. It is a resource at the campus that keeps up to
date on how to make the campus more sustainable, and is doing so with efforts to get students
involved in sustainable efforts at school and home. We will be exploring what accomplishments
have been made by the Office of Sustainability. Along with the expanding student involvement
to be sustainable, it says it promotes around campus.
13. Sustainability Programs and initiatives at USF and around the world.. Patel College of
Global Sustainability. Web. 1 Aug. 2013 Retrieved from: http://psgs.usf.edu/usf-office-
of-sustainability/programs/
This webpage provides a lot of information into the current efforts being conducted by the
University for recycling. The Physical Plant along with the College of Sustainability are now
following a directive issued by the Inter-institutional committee on purchasing green products for
the University. This green purchasing directive was issued by the Waste/Recycling/Purchasing
subcommittee. This page also gives details into the different methods taken to handle the waste
produced by the campus. For example, all scrap metals are recycled; some food waste is
composited with the USF grounds department; yard waste is collected by a vendor named
Republic, who then separates the materials and all garbage solids are burned at the Falkenburg
facility to generate electricity. USF also conducts audits for the waste it accumulates and
recycles. The first audit, which collected information from 1996-2007, showed that USF
recycled over 48 tons of aluminum, and 9,700 tons of mixed paper. This source provides
statistics, figures, and facts which are important for including in the project as well as provide
information and names for the different programs, colleges, and vendors that are taking part in
the waste reduction/recycling efforts in USF.
14."The Digital Bullpen." The Digital Bullpen. N.p., n.d. Web. 08 Aug. 2013.
.
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This article puts the spotlight on the Bull-Runner, and looks at why the ridership has increase in
recent years. They say that the reasoning behind increase ridership is because of high gas prices,
and horrible parking on campus, and not necessarily because students have a mindset of going
green. The author does however acknowledge that the Bull-Runner does appeal to students
looking to lead a sustainable lifestyle, and that the expansion of routes has made it more
accessible for students.
15. The Sustainability Tracking, Assessment, and Rating System.STARS.Retrieved from
https://stars.aashe.org/
This is an organization that ranks universities based on their sustainability performance.
16."Transportation." University of South Florida. N.p., n.d. Web. 08 Aug. 2013.
.
This resource is all the information on how to access the Bull-runner shuttle. It includes the
tracker, and routes. This is helpful to the project to demonstrate the Bull-runners accessibility to
encourage students to use the shuttle instead of individual cars around campus, and the
surrounding communities.
17. USF Residence Hall Goes GreenUniversity of South Florida News. Nov. 2010. Retrieved
from http://news.usf.edu/article/templates/?a=2996
This resource explores how resident halls have gone green; it will demonstrate USFs efforts to
make going green accessible to students, and how they are making it a part of a students
everyday life. With this resource we will explore how they are making USF resident halls more
sustainable; from recycling bins to low energy light sources.
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Work Cited
Aimee, A. (n.d.). "Campus smoking ban takes effect Jan. The Crow's Nest, 2011. Web. 1 Aug.
2013 Retrieved from http://crowsneststpete.com/2011/11/22/campus-smoking-ban-takes-
effect-jan-2012/
"Biodiesel Basics. National Biodiesel Board, 2013. Web. 1 Aug. 2013 biodiesel.org
"Biodiesel at USF Green and Gold 2008. Web. 1 Aug. 2013 Retrieved from usfweb2.usf.edu
"Bullrunner ridership increasing. April 29th 2011. Web. 1 Aug. 2013
Dabrowski, E. (2013, Aug 02). Interview by R Preston. Interview with Eileen Dabrowski.
DeAnnuntis, C., & Chaumont, A. D. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.nctr.usf.edu/pdf/527-01-
2.pdf
Dhingra, A. K., & Sullivan, M. (2011, January 18).Tobacco and smoke free campus. Retrievedfrom http://www1.usfsp.edu/adminservices/USFSP_policy/documents/USFSP_0-607.pdf
Divya, Kumar "Leed Certifications at USF in Progress." USF Oracle. Sep.29, 2011. Web. Aug.5, 2013. .
"Green Initiatives | Undergraduate Admissions." 2012. Web. 1 Aug. 2013. Retrieved from
http://www.usfsp.edu/undergrad/green/
"LEED | U.S. Green Building Council." 2005. Web. 1 Aug. 2013. Retrieved from usgbc.org/leed
Reduce, Reuse, RecycleMania.University of South Florida News. April 2010. Retrieved from
http://news.usf.edu/article/templates/?a=2266
"Student Initiatives Patel USF.Patel College of Global Sustainability. Web. 1 Aug. 2013
Retrieved from: http://psgs.usf.edu/usf-office-of-sustainability/initiatives/student-
initiatives/
Sustainability Programs and initiatives at USF and around the world.Patel College of Global
Sustainability. Web. 1 Aug. 2013 Retrieved from: http://psgs.usf.edu/usf-office-of-
sustainability/programs/.
"The Digital Bullpen." The Digital Bullpen. N.p., n.d. Web. 08 Aug. 2013.
.
The Sustainability Tracking, Assesment, and Rating System.STARS.Retrieved from
https://stars.aashe.org/
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"Transportation." University of South Florida. N.p., n.d. Web. 08 Aug. 2013.
.
USF Residence Hall Goes GreenUniversity of South Florida News. Nov. 2010. Retrievedfrom http://news.usf.edu/article/templates/?a=2996
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http://www1.usfsp.edu/adminservices/USFSP_policy/documents/USFSP_0-607.pdfhttp://www.usfsp.edu/wellness/usfsp-smoke-free/
http://www1.usfsp.edu/adminservices/USFSP_policy/documents/USFSP_0-607.pdfhttp://www1.usfsp.edu/adminservices/USFSP_policy/documents/USFSP_0-607.pdfhttp://www1.usfsp.edu/adminservices/USFSP_policy/documents/USFSP_0-607.pdf