Milestone 1 PresentationTeam 2:

Kelly FosterChad Mills

Lirjon LlushoDave Rosso

September 30, 2009

Agenda

BackgroundProblem StatementSpecificationsConstraintsCriteria

Potential TechnologiesSolarElectric BoilerCondensing BoilerGeothermal Heat Pump

Other ConsiderationsReferences

Background

Christ the King Church49 acres in Southgate, MI8 buildings totalConstructed in mid-1970’sPrior to purchase buildings were not used for 10 years

Background – Cont'd

1

23

456

7

8

Bldg # Building Usage

1 Fellowship Hall

2 Administration & Maintenance

3 Clinic / Service Center

4 - 5 Grade School (Connected)

6 Early Childhood Center

7 - 8 Senior Daycare Center

•Remodeling of building #6 has been completed•Building 1 and 4 are planned to be connected via new sanctuary

http://maps.google.com/maps?hl=en&tab=wl

Problem Statement

To design a heating and cooling system for four existing buildings, with current construction plans, that can be adaptable to surrounding buildings. The system will be energy efficient, have low operating costs, and be long- lasting. Our priority will be to design a system that utilizes renewable energy as the main component.

Specifications

Improve on performance of current ECC installed systemUtilize an adaptable, renewable energy systemProvide designs for a system that has low operating costs and a longer than 10-year lifespan

Constraints

Utilize existing ductwork and pipingUse already existing space for heating and coolingHave a payback of construction costs within 10 yearsSystem placement with respect to current building and campus layout

Criteria

Maximize the use of renewable energyMinimize the installation and operating costsOptimize use of landMaximize system reliability and efficiency

Solar Heating and Cooling

Step OneSunlight heats a transfer fluidThis heat is transferred to a hot water storage tank

Step TwoUsing a chiller, the hot water is brought to 140°F or 44°F for heating or coolingExcess heat is expelled by a cooling tower

http://www.vanirenergy.com/commercial-solar-energy-system

Solar Heating and Cooling

Step Three An Energy exchanger uses the hot or cold water to heat or cool air to be delivered throughout the building

Step FourWhile cooling at night, cold water is sent the chiller for naturally cooling

http://www.vanirenergy.com/commercial-solar-energy-system

Solar Heating and Cooling

AdvantagesProvides renewable energy for heating, cooling, and hot waterIntegrates with existing ventilation systemLower maintenance costs due to fewer moving partsSolar panels are less expensive since they do not actually produce electricity

Solar Heating and Cooling

DisadvantagesCannot relieve dependence on grid energyRequires a supplementary system as a backup

http://maps.google.com/maps?hl=en&tab=wl

http://www.vanirenergy.com/commercial-solar-energy-system

Electric Boiler

Electro-Industries

Rated for 60-300 kWh

40 gallon capacity

ASME and CSA certified

http://www.electromn.com/

Electric BoilerAdvantages

Simple & easy to useSafeReliableCompactEfficient (100% theoretically)Environmentally friendly

Electric BoilerDisadvantages

More expensive than gas-fired or oil-fired

Electric power source = Coal-fired power plant

Electric power source = Wind/water turbine

Condensing Boiler Also known as high efficiency boiler

Built out of a corrosion resistant material to withstand condensation of steam.

By releasing the flue gases at lower temperatures, there is a 20% energy loss avoided.

Up to a 98% efficiency http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:DSCN5370.JPG

Natural Gas Boiler

AdvantagesRetrofitting is done more easily

High efficiency

Minimal space usage

DisadvantagesUses non-renewable fuel

Maintenance

High initial cost

Geothermal Heat PumpA few feet under the ground, the soil or water remain a constant 50 to 70 degrees Fahrenheit (10-15 degrees Celsius) year-round. Fluid circulates through a series of pipes (called a loop) under the ground or beneath the water of a pond or lake and into a building. An electric compressor and heat exchanger pull the heat from the pipes and send it via a duct system throughout the building. In the summer the process is reversed. The pipes draw heat away from the house and carry it to the ground or water outside, where it is absorbed.

http://www.fonko.com.mk/klima/product_images/gtp_v-v_slika.gif

Geothermal Heat Pump

Open Loop – ground wateris used as heat carrier

Closed Loop– heat exchange fluid is used

http://www.geoprodesign.com/media/asset/open-loop.jpg

http://www.nyserda.org/programs/geothermal/images/GeothermalHeatPumpWinter2.jpg

Geothermal Heat Pump

• Vertical Loop – Loops extend 75 to 300 ft into the ground

• Used when space is limited

• Horizontal– loops are laid 6 ft into the ground

• Requires large ground area

http://www.excelenergysolutions.com/images/vertical-loop.gif

http://www.prairielandelectric.com/images/Red-Roofed-Geo-House-Horizo.jpg

Geothermal Heat Pump

Advantages

Low Operating Cost No Required Exposed Outdoor Equipment Long Life Expectancy Low Cost Integrated Water Heating Low Maintenance No Supplemental Heat Required Low Environmental Impact

Disadvantages

High first cost of GHP systems to consumersLack of consumer knowledge and/or trust or confidence in GHP system benefitsLimitations of GHP installation infrastructure

Other Considerations

Green roof-top

Combined solar thermal and geothermal heat pump system

ReferencesOmer M.A.(2008), "Ground-source heat pumps systems and applications", Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Vol 12, pp 344-371. http://www.viessmann.co.uk/downloads/CondensingBoilers.pdfhttp://www.bluevalleyenergy.com/boilers.phphttp://www.energysolutionscenter.org/boilerburner/Eff_Improve/Primer/Boiler_Introduction.asphttp://www.vanirenergy.com/commercial-solar-energy-systemhttp://www.electromn.com/