1. The teaching in medieval times
Education

2. In the begin of Middle Ages around 450 DC
The main subjectswere Christian ones, and the Aristotles rhetoric was important.
Aristotles rhetoric is the use of language with persuasive effect.
Saint Augustine:
taught in the Latin grammar school at Tagaste
opened a school of rhetoric at Carthage
taught rhetoric in Rome
accepted a professorship in rhetoric at Milan
3. Saint Augustine
Saint Augustine and his mother Saint Monique
4. Aristotles rhetoric (1)
The base of rhetoric was three persuasive audience appeals :
logos, pathos and ethos
And five canons:
invention or discovery, arrangement, style, memory, and delivery
5. three persuasive audience appeals
Logos
In the old Greece the word meant word, speech,reason
For Aristotle the term to meant reasoned discourse
Further Jesus saw as the incarnation of the Logos
Pathos
represented an appeal to the audience's emotions
Ethos
involved moral competence only; But Aristotle broadens the concept to include expertise and knowledge
6. The five canons
Inventio
was the method used for the discovery of arguments
Dispositio
the system were used for the organization of arguments
Elocutio
the term used for the mastery of stylistic elements concern the crafting and delivery of speeches and writing
four ingredients necessary in order to achieve good style included correctness, clearness, appropriateness, and ornament
Memoria
was the same meaning as today
Pronuntiatio
the content, structure, and style of oration .The most important elements of oratory enhancing its persuasive power
7. Making a book in medieval times
As paper, in Europe, did not become common until around 1450 the most medieval manuscripts were written on treated animal skins called parchment.
The parchment was ruled colored ink, lines that helped the scribe to write
8. Medieval people
Few books, few ideas, many people could not read, religiosity was predominant with many wars
9. Medieval people and medieval buildings
Giordano Bruno
10. At the end around 1400 DC
The word universitas originally was applied to the scholastic guild
A guilt was a corporation of students and masters:
A community of teachers and scholars whose corporate existence had been recognized andby the ecclesiastical authority
11. Scholasticism
Has its origins in Charlemagne, who attracted the scholars of England and Ireland,established schools in every abbey in his empire which arise the name scholasticism
The word as two meanings
a method of learning taught by scholastics
A program that articulates and defends orthodoxy in an increasingly pluralistic context
12. The method of learning
As a method of learning it has his bases
Dialectic:
a dialogue between two or more people who may hold differing views
applying reason the people exchange their viewpoints to seek the truth
Inference:
achieving a conclusion by deductive reasoning from given facts
Resolving Contradictions.
a contradiction is a logical incompatibility between two or more propositions
13. Magisterdixit
This sentence used in Florence and all Italy, by 1600 by the teachers to shut up all the students who contested the Aristotle's astronomy theory.
14. Aristotle astronomy
Aristotle argued that the universe is spherical and finite with the Earth in the center.
Aristotle's model of the universe had a profound influence on medieval scholars, but nevertheless they modified it to correspond with Christian theology.
15. The limitations of technology
Medieval books were hand written and rare.
Few books means the reading were limited to a few people.
But they were very nice with nice pictures
16. There were no tools and no science
Without the right tools there is no science: magister dixit was enough
17. Bibliografia
http://www.cals.ncsu.edu/agexed/aee501/augustine.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contradictions
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dialectical_reasoning
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dispositio
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elocutio
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethos
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inference
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inventio
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logos
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memoria
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medieval_university
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pathos
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pronuntiatio
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhetoric
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scholasticism
http://www.getty.edu/art/exhibitions/making/
http://perseus.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/GreekScience/Students/Tom/AristotleAstro.html
http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magister_dixit