Teaching and Learning with Technology Allyn and Bacon 2002 Issues in Implementing Technology in...

Allyn and Bacon 2002Teaching and Learning with Technology

Issues in Implementing Technology in Schools

Chapter 12

Teaching and Learning with Technology

Teaching and Learning with Technology Allyn and Bacon 2002

Strategic Planning

• Long range planning that takes into account all aspects of decision making

• Necessary to make wise and cost effective technology decisions

• Steps include• Description of the setting in which plan will be

implemented• SWOT Analysis to determine Strengths,

Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats affecting the institution making the plan


Strategic Planning

• Steps include• Mission statement that describes the purpose

of the institution and the plan• Goals that set the intended overall directions

that are desired to be achieved by the plan• Objectives with Criteria that articulate specific

outcomes that will achieve the goals and the criteria that will be used to measure outcomes

• Strategies that describe what activities will be engaged in to achieve objectives


Strategic Planning

• Steps include• Evaluation plan describes how the strategies

will be assessed to ensure they have achieved the stated criteria

• Dissemination describes how the plan will be shared with all stakeholders

• Planning teams include representatives from all interested parties

• Planning teams create the plan, oversee its implementation, and disseminate outcomes


Strategic Planning

• Once a strategic plan for technology is created, disseminated and approved, the planning team begins implementation

• An Action Plan is drawn up that describes each action necessary for implementing the strategic plan

• Usually organized chronologically, the Action Plan includes acquisitions, installations, training, etc for all aspects of technology


Strategic Planning

• Teachers are one of the primary stakeholders in educational technology

• Therefore teachers have a critical role in the strategic planning process

• Teachers on planning teams need to stay aware of• current and emerging technologies• Issues relating to using technology in classrooms• Social, legal, and ethical issues in the Digital Age


Legal Issues

Copyright and Fair Use• Copyright protects the interest of the individual

who created intellectual property such as writings, graphics, photos, music, etc.

• Fair Use Guidelines determine when a teacher can legally use copyrighted material

• Fair Use limitations are specific and teachers must follow them to avoid violation of copyright laws


Legal Issues

Copyright and Fair Use• Violating copyright can result in legal action

against the teacher, school, and/or district• Teachers have a responsibility to understand

copyright laws and follow them• Good copyright resources in schools include

• Media specialist• School administrators• Published district guidelines


Legal Issues

Copyright and Fair Use• When in doubt don’t use the materials or ask for

permission to use them• To ask permission

• Look for contact information on the work or web site

• Write or email the contact and explain exactly how the materials will be used, for how long, and why

• If you ask for permission, do not use the materials unless you have the ok in writing

• Keep all permissions on file


Legal Issues

Privacy• Children have a right to privacy• Information about a child cannot be shared

without parental permission• Teachers should take steps to ensure privacy by

• Getting parental permission before putting student work or pictures on a class web site

• Protecting children’s information including name, age, grade, etc


Legal Issues

Privacy• Teachers should take steps to ensure privacy by

• Guarding access to a computer to which the teacher is logged on

• Avoiding storing sensitive files on an unprotected computer

• Encouraging that every child use his/her disk to store work rather than on accessible hard drives


Legal Issues

Acceptable Use• Teachers must ensure appropriate use of

technology in their classrooms• Districts have acceptable use policies that define

appropriate uses of school computers• Teachers ensure acceptable use by

• Reviewing AUPs with your students• Asking students and parents to sign an AUP• Monitoring Internet use and sites visited


Legal Issues

Software Piracy• Copying or installing software on multiple

machines may be illegal• Unless a site license allows, software can be

installed on only one machine in a classroom • Network administrators are often charged with

the responsibility to monitor licensing on both the network and any machines attached to the network


Legal Issues

Software Piracy• Software piracy is a copyright violation• Teachers can discourage piracy by

• Modeling appropriate behaviors• Reviewing district policies with students• Refusing to allow students to bring software into

their classroom • Ensuring all software used in the classroom has

original disks and documentation available


Social Issues

The Digital Divide• Inequities of access to technology have created

technological haves and have-nots• This gap, the digital divide, is often related to

socio-economic status, ethnic, gender, and education levels

• Teachers can design activities that bridge the gap and reduce technological inequities


Ethical Issues

Freedom of Speech• The content of the Internet is not regulated• Materials posted may be harmful and dangerous• But since the Net is an open forum for free

speech, should expression be regulated?• School’s responsibility is to

• Control use and access to what is academically appropriate

• Ensure student’s digital safety


Ethical Issues

Privacy• What is the appropriate balance between privacy

and monitoring of activity?• When is it OK to monitor where people go and

what they do on the Internet?• School’s responsibility is to

• Ensure student’s safety• Publish and enforce AUPs by monitoring activity

of all working on a school’s network


Ethical Issues

Academic Dishonesty• Ease of sharing information has led to a rise in

dishonest use of work• Cheating and plagiarizing is facilitated by web

sites that post and share work and by software that allows an easy cut and paste

• To combat dishonesty, schools should• State and enforce digital dishonesty policies• Use anti-plagiarism software


Emerging Technologies

Virtual Environments• Fully rendered 3-D environments will immerse

students in worlds they can explore and manipulate

• As the technology progresses, students will be able to take full-immersion field trips to these worlds

• The development of full sensory environments will address all learning preferences



Artificial Intelligence• Neural networks, fuzzy logic, and expert

systems will change software so that it will be able to interact naturally with users

• Educational software will become more like individualized tutors as this software evolves

• Each student will have a personal digital “agent” to assist them in school



Communications• As bandwidth improves, network based

interaction will be come natural• Video, audio, and live webcasts will connect

teachers and students from anywhere• Networks may evolve so that our home

machines can all connect to each other for sharing making instant learning communities possible



Wireless Connectivity• Wireless networks will evolve and become more

reliable• Retrofitting schools will cease to be necessary• Using PDAs, students will be able to connect to

the school’s network from anywhere• Limited nodes in each classroom will be a thing

of the past



Convergence• Blending technologies into a single multi-

purpose technology• In schools, convergence will mean

• Better use of limited resources since less equipment will need to be acquired

• Less time and resources spent in training on diverse equipment

• Easier integration of equipment into the classroom


Emerging Issues

Computers as Appliances• Once digital technology becomes as common as

a household appliance, schools will need to lag behind societal change

• In schools, • Pocket PCs will be a common educational

appliance that allows instant access from anywhere

• Instruction will need to change to accommodate more opportunities and access


Emerging Issues

Computers as Appliances• In schools,

• Instruction will become highly individualized with intelligent agents assisting teachers in helping students

• Assessment and student progress will be easily tracked electronically

• Continual electronic feedback would allow for constant adjustments to refine and revise instruction


Emerging Issues

Computer Literacy• Effectively using a computer will become an

essential skill like reading• Teachers will be able to count on computer

literacy as an entry level skill and will not have to spend time teaching it

• Computer enhanced instruction will be easier to used and more extensive throughout curriculum at all grade levels


Emerging Issues

Decentralized Instruction• The nature of instruction may change as

technology broadens the ways it can be delivered

• Classroom walls will give way to virtual communities of learners

• Teachers may come together in Master Teacher Teams to share their expertise world wide

• Schools will no longer remain isolated


Emerging Issues

Changing Role of the Teacher• Technology will continue to play a larger and

larger role in instruction• Technological tools will become easier to use

and more sophisticated• What you can include and tap into when

designing instruction will be limitless• Technology will help empower student’s to learn

and you to teach

Teaching and Learning with Technology Allyn and Bacon 2002 Issues in Implementing Technology in...

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