Teachers - Advanced Presentations - 1ª ed

7/30/2019 Teachers - Advanced Presentations - 1 ed

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The Trend School Center for Business Communication

FBCFirst Edition

ADVANCED

PRESENTATIONS: Teachers"There are always three speeches, for every one you actually gave. The one you practiced, the one you gave, and the

one you wish you gave." -- Dale Carnegie


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The Trend School Center for Business Communication 2

FBC Fundamentals in Business Communication

Welcome to FBC Fundamentals in Business Communication. The objective of this

module is to prepare the participant to identify and do business in international markets

through the development of management skills in English, especially related to

Presentations and Negotiations, besides the acquisition of multicultural knowledge.

The curriculum encompasses the following elements to ensure that all components of

business communication are integrated:

1. Topic2. Business Communication Concepts3. Business Communication Skills4. Communication Tools5. Case Study6. MBC Multicultural Business Communication7. Trend Life8. Self Assessment Quiz9. Communication Tips

Trend Life is a virtual Business Communication environment aimed at gathering people in

an interactive space, where real life business applications are presented on a daily basis.

The concept is a unique and innovative way of bringing executives together in a learning

atmosphere, and at the same time, connecting cultural and business experiences from

around the world.

It is positioned as part of an integrated solution specially designed to give continuity and

enhancement to the classroom program. This combination will empower participants to

achieve outstanding results and motivate them in a daily learning process.

THE TREND SCHOOL

CENTER FOR BUSINESS COMMUNICATION

FBC ADVANCED PRESENTATIONS


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FBC - ADVANCED PRESENTATIONS

INDEX (according to students book)

In the Classroom

Syllabus 04

Introduction 06

Preparation 08

Delivery 13

Elements of an Effective Presentation 16

Language of Presentations 18

Outlining your Presentation 22

Visual Aids 25

Describing Trends 27

Asking and Answering Questions 35

Beyond the Classroom

Trend Life 39

Self Assessment 41


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Multicultural business communication is essential to companies which are entering the

global market where diversity and cultural awareness play an important role in doing

business. Here, you will work with cultural awareness and how diversity affects

businesses.

Trend Life is an integrated multimedia website that provides you with all the tools to

improve your communication skills. More than that, Trend Life is a way of making business

communication a lifestyle that empowers you to be an effective communicator.

There is a self assessment quiz at the communication tools section so that you can see

which areas of communicative competence within business communication require

further practice.

Here you will find tips on how to improve your communication skills within business

communication as well as the areas of language acquisition that requires further practice.

MBC MULTICULTURAL BUSINESS COMMUNICATION

TREND LIFE

SELF ASSESSMENT QUIZ

COMMUNICATION TIPS


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INTRODUCTION

Welcome to the Advanced Presentations program. In todays global business climate, growth andsuccess are determined by several organizational needs. Speed, results and communication are

some of those needs. We are going to work on one of these communication aspects which is

effective presentations.

What makes a powerful presentation?

Many things contribute to a good presentation such as a clear structure, a good sense of timing,

an effective use of the visual aids and the ability to make people get involved and think together

with the speaker. The execution of powerfully used transitions, clarity and focus so that expected

results become reality.

Good leadership in presenting is also characterized by putting the pieces strategically together

that allow the listener or reader to understand the information in a logical sequence. There must

be unity and there must be clarity. All of these come together with one goal: To get results! Its all

about getting things done on purpose.

This program will take you through all the steps of a powerful presentation from the very

beginning of the preparation till the very end, the Q and A through practice.

If I hear, I forget it.

If I see it, I remember it.

If I do it, I understand it.

Confucious

TOPIC PRESENTATIONS


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TASK

In pairs or small groups, brainstorm all words associated to the word presentations. Then discuss

what makes a presentation successful and what makes a presentation go wrong.

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PRESENTATIONS


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Presentations

Discuss the following questions with your classmates.

1. What really constitutes a presentation?2. How many of them do you deliver a day?3. What kinds of presentations are there?4. How does a speaker communicate effectively?5. What makes a speaker credible when giving a presentation?

Watch the video and answer the following questions.

Part I The Daily Report with Gerhard Gschwandtner

Effective Presentations, An Interview with Terri Sjodin

1. What is one of the biggest mistakes that sales people make when they are makingpresentations?

Being more informative than persuasive as there is no risk in being informative.

2. According to the video, what is an example of a presentation that is persuasive?Focus on your top 10 persuasive points and then brainstorm in order to identify your best

arguments to be persuasive.

3. How do you get sales people to convey their message in a pleasant way but alsocommunicate with a lot of empathy, feeling, and appeal?

It really is about the delivery of the presentation and how people receive it. A presentation

is about how you relate to your audience.

4. How do you make a presentation fun or interesting?Be yourself, tell your stories and let your personality shine.

BUSINESS COMMUNICATION CONCEPT

BUSINESS COMMUNICATION SKILLS


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PREPARATION

Can you name the 3 most important things when giving any presentation?

Number 1 is . Preparation!

Number 2 is . Preparation!!

Number 3 is . Preparation!!!

Preparation is everything!

With good preparation and planning you will be totally confident and less nervous. And your

audience will feel your confidence. Your audience, too, will be confident. They will be confident in

you. And this will give you control. Control of your audience and of your presentation. Withcontrol, you will be in chargeand your audience will listen positively to your message.

OBJECTIVE

Before you start to prepare a presentation, you should ask yourself:

Why am I making this presentation?

Do I need to inform, to persuade, to train or to sell?

Your objective should be clear in your mind. If it is not clear in your mind, it cannot possibly be

clear to your audience.

AUDIENCE

Who am I making this presentation to?

Sometimes this will be obvious, but not always. You should try to inform yourself. How many

people? Who are they? Business people? Professional people? Political people? Experts or non-

experts? Will it be a small, intimate group of 4 colleagues or a large gathering of 400 competitors?

How much do they know already and what will they expect from you?


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VENUE

Where am I making this presentation? In a small meeting room or a large conference hall? What

facilities and equipment are available? What are the seating arrangements?

TIME and LENGTH

When am I making this presentation and how long will it be? Will it be 5 minutes or 1 hour? Just

before lunch, when your audience will be hungry, or just after lunch, when your audience will be

sleepy?

METHOD

How should I make this presentation? What approach should you use? Formal or informal? Lots

of visual aids or only a few? Will you include some anecdotes and humor for variety?

CONTENT

What should I say? Now you must decide exactly what you want to say. First, you should

brainstorm your ideas. You will no doubt discover many ideas that you want to include in your

presentation. But you must be selective. You should include only information that is relevant to

your audience and your objective. You should exclude all other ideas. You also need to create a

title for your presentation (if you have not already been given a title). The title will help you to

focus on the subject. And you will prepare your visual aids, if you have decided to use them. But

remember, in general, less is better than more (a little is better than a lot). You can always give

additional information during the questions after the presentation.

STRUCTURE

A well organized presentation with a clear structure is easier for the audience to follow. It is

therefore more effective. You should organize the points you wish to make in a logical order.


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NOTES

When you give your presentation, you should be or appear to be as spontaneous as possible.

You should not read your presentation! You should be so familiar with your subject and with the

information that you want to deliver that you do not need to read a text. Reading a text is boring!

Reading a text will make your audience go to sleep! So if you dont have a text to read, how canyou remember to say everything you need to say? With notes. You can create your own system of

notes. Some people make notes on small, A6 cards. Some people write down just the title of each

section of their talk. Some people write down keywords to remind them. The notes will give you

confidence, but because you will have prepared your presentation fully, you may not even need

them!

REHEARSAL

Rehearsal is a vital part of preparation. You should leave time to practice your presentation two orthree times. This will have the following benefits:

You will become more familiar with what you want to say

You will identify weaknesses in your presentation

You will be able to practice difficult pronunciations

You will be able to check the time that your presentation takes and makes any necessary

modifications

So prepare, prepare, prepare! Prepare everything: words, visual aids, timing, equipment. Rehearse

your presentation several times and time it. Is it the right length? Are you completely familiar withall your illustrations? Are they in the right order? Do you know who the audience is? How many

people? How will you answer difficult questions? Do you know the room? Are you confident about

the equipment? When you have answered all these questions, you will be a confident, enthusiastic

presenter ready to communicate the subject of your presentation to an eager audience.

Rehearsing will help your confidence.


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Introduction to Public Speakers

1. What was the best public speaker you ever heard? Can you identify what made theirpresentation successful?

2. Make a list of public speakers you admire in different areas such as: government,presidents, prime ministers, businessmen, entrepreneurs, spokesperson, etc. Explain whythey give the best speeches and/or presentations.


Part II The Daily Report with Gerhard Gschwandtner

The Art of Persuasive Speaking, An Interview with Terri Sjodin

1. What was Terri Sjodin invited to do? Why was she called to participate?She was invited to the GOP Retreat to give a seminar on public speaking and persuasive

presentation skills for congressmen and congresswomen as well as heads of state.

2. What is her impression of President Bush as a public speaker?Once the press was asked to leave, President Bush spoke and he was articulate, on point

and engaging. She believes that when he speaks to the media, fear and anxiety hit him.

3. How does she compare President Bush, Arnold Schwarzenegger and Ronald Reagan aspublic speakers?

President Bush is a shy speaker whereas Arnold and Reagan light up when they enter a

room; they are also trained actors who have had coaching to improve their presentation

skills.4. What does the expression Let Reagan be Reaganmean?5. According to Terri, what do congressmen/congresswomen sell?

They sell themselves, their ideas and their policies.

6. Why shouldnt congressmen/congresswomen dump information?They need to define for their constituents why they back a specific policy, why they want

them to vote for something and why we need it. Dumping information isnt enough.

7. What are the final tips Terri gives about being a persuasive speaker?Get your audience to consider ideas and take action through clear arguments and a

persuasive presentation.

8. Do you consider yourself a good public speaker? Explain your reasons.9. When giving a presentation, do you consider yourself to be more informative or

persuasive? Why?

BUSINESS COMMUNICATION SKILLS


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Task: In pairs or small groups, discuss the characteristics of the following public speakers and

evaluate their public speaking skills according to the chart below. Add your favorite speakers.

Government JFK Bill Clinton President

Bush

President

Lula

Tony Blair

VoiceEnunciation

Articulation

Clarity

Preparation

Persuasion

Pacing

Humor

Business James Ray Howard

Schultz

Gol & Varigs

CEO

Voice

Enunciation

Articulation

Clarity

Preparation

Persuasion

Pacing

Humor

Organizations Kofi Annan Jeff Skoll

VoiceEnunciation

Articulation

Clarity

Preparation

Persuasion

Pacing

Humor

Film Industry Oprah J. J. Abrams

Voice

Enunciation

Articulation

Clarity

Preparation

Persuasion

Pacing

Humor


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DELIVERY

Delivery refers to the way in which you actually deliver or perform or give your presentation.

Delivery is a vital aspect of all presentations. Delivery is at least as important as content, especially

in a multicultural context.

NERVES

Most speakers are a little nervous at the beginning of a presentation. So it is normal if you are

nervous. The answer is to pay special attention to the beginning of your presentation. First

impressions count. This is the time when you establish a rapport with your audience. During this

time, try to speak slowly and calmly. You should perhaps learn your introduction by heart. After a

few moments, you will relax and gain confidence.

AUDIENCE RAPPORT

You need to build a warm and friendly relationship with your audience. Enthusiasm is contagious.

If you are enthusiastic your audience will be enthusiastic too. And be careful to establish eye

contact with each member of your audience. Each person should feel that you are speaking

directly to him or her. This means that you must look at each person in turn in a natural a way as

possible. This will also give you the opportunity to detect signs of boredom, disinterest or even

disagreement, allowing you to modify your presentation as appropriate. Your objective is to

communicate!

BODY LANGUAGE

What you do not say is at least as important as what you do say. Your body is speaking to your

audience even before you open your mouth. Your clothes, your walk, your glasses, your haircut,

your expression it is from this that your audience forms its first impression as you enter the

room. Generally speaking, it is better to stand rather than sit when making a presentation. Be

aware of and avoid any repetitive and irritating gestures. Be aware, too, that the movement of

your body is one of your methods of control. When you move to or from the whiteboard, forexample, you can move fast or slowly, raising or reducing the dynamism within the audience. You

can stand very still while talking or you can stroll from side to side. What effect do you think these

two different approaches would have on an audience?


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CULTURAL CONSIDERATIONS

Because English is so widely used around the world, it is quite possible that many members of your

audience will not be native English-speakers. In other words, they will not have an Anglo-Saxon

culture. Even within the Anglo-Saxon world, there are many differences in culture. If we

hypothetically imagine a German working for an Israeli company making a presentation in Englishto a Japanese audience in Korea, we can see that there are even more possibilities for cultural

misunderstanding. You should try to learn about any particular matters that may affect your

audience. This is one reason why preparation for your presentation is so important. Cultural

differences can also be seen in body language, which we have just discussed. To a Latin from

Southern France or Italy, a presenter who uses his hands and arms when speaking may seem

dynamic and friendly. To an Englishman, the same presenter may seem unsure of his words and

lacking in self confidence.

VOICE QUALITY

It is, of course, important that your audience be able to hear clearly throughout your presentation.

Remember that if you turn away from your audience, for example, towards the whiteboard, you

need to speak a little more loudly. In general, you should try to vary your voice. Your voice will

then be more interesting for your audience. You can vary your voice in at least three ways:

Speed: you can speak at normal speed, you can speak faster, you can speak more slowly

and you can stop completely! You can pause. This is a very good technique for gaining

your audiences attention.

Intonation: you can change the pitch of your voice. You can speak I n a high tone. You canspeak in a low tone.

Volume: you can speak at normal volume, you can speak loudly and you can speak quietly.

Lowering your voice and speaking quietly can again attract your audiences interest.

The important point is not to speak in the same, flat, monotonous voice throughout your

presentationthis is the voice that hypnotists use to put their patients into trance!

AUDIENCE REACTION

Remain calm and polite if you receive difficult or even hostile questions during your presentation.

If you receive particularly awkward questions, you might suggest that the questioners ask their

questions after your presentation.


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ELEMENTS OF AN EFFECTIVE PRESENTATION


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Discussions

1. What are your strengths as a public speaker? What are your weaknesses?2. Do you have your own personal style for giving presentations or do you follow someone

elses style?

3. In your opinion, what are the three most important elements of a presentation? Why?


Part III The Daily Report with Gerhard Gschwandtner

The Elements of a Winning Presentation, An Interview with Terri Sjodin

1.How do you help people find their switch (authentic style)?

Get them to share their personal story, to tap into their most exciting memories. This helps

people light up, be engaged and almost relive their story.

2.How do personal stories help deliver a presentation?

Find the balance and merge the persons personal style and corporate presence.

3.What are the 3 balls that need to be juggled when making a presentation?

Build the case.Deliver it with savvy.

Bring it to life with creativity.

4.Describe Terris creative example of how to get the audiences attention.

Terri wanted to get the attention of the Sr. Editor but it was difficult to get through all the

middle people. So, she did some digging and discovered that he was committed to his

Jewish faith and she found a Disney gift that was special and included a scroll with a

message that shedlike to meet with him. She sent the package through Fedex and he

called after receiving the package. Terri explained why she wanted to meet him and they

met up in Chicago.

COMMUNICATION SKILLS


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LANGUAGE

Say what you are going to say.

SIMPLICITY and CLARITY

If you want your audience to understand your message, your language must be simple and clear.

Use short words and short sentences. Do not use jargon, unless you are certain that your audience

understands it. In general, talk about concrete facts rather than abstract ideas. Use active verbs

instead of passive verbs. Active verbs are much easier to understand. They are much more

powerful. Consider these two sentences, which say the same thing:

1.Toyota sold two million cars last year.

2.Two million cars were sold by Toyota last year.

Which is easier to understand? Which is more immediate? Which is more powerful? N1 is active

and N2 is passive.

SIGNPOSTING

When you drive on the roads, you know where you are on those roads. Each road has a name or

number. Each town has a name. And each house has a number. If you are at house N100, you can

go back to N50 or forward to N150. You can look at the signposts for directions. And you can

look at your atlas for the structure of the roads in detail. In other words, it is easy to navigate the

roads. You cannot get lost. But when you give a presentation, how can your audience know where

they are? How can they know the structure of your presentation? How can they know what is

coming next? They know because you tell them. Because you put up signposts for them, at the

beginning and all along the route. This technique is called signposting (or signaling).

During your introduction, you should tell your audience what the structure of your presentation

will be. You might say something like this:

Ill start by describing the current position in Europe. Then Ill move on to some of the

achievements weve made in Asia. After that Ill consider the opportunities we see for further

expansion in Africa. Lastly, Ill quickly recap before concluding with some recommendations.

COMMUNICATION TOOLS


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LANGUAGE KNOWLEDGE

Introducing Yourself and Your Talk

Greeting, name, position

-Good morning, My names (). Im the new Finance Manager.-Ladies and gentlemen. Its an honor to have the opportunity to address such a

distinguished audience.

-Good morning. Let me start by saying just a few words about my own background. I

started out in.

-Welcome to Standard Electronics. I know Ive met some of you, but just for the benefit of

those I havent met, my names ().

Title/Subject

Id like to talk (to you) today about

Im going to present the recent

explain our position on

brief you on

inform you about

describe

The subject of my talk

focus presentation

topic paper (academic)speech (usually to public audience)

Purpose/Objective

We are here today to decide

agree

learn about

The purpose of this talk is to

update you onput you in the picture about

give you the background to


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This talk is designed to

act as a springboard for discussion

start the ball rolling

Length

I shall only take () minutes of your time.

I plan to be brief.

This should only last () minutes.

Outline/Main Parts

Ive divided my presentation into four parts/sections.

They are

The subject can be looked at under the following headings:

-We can break this area down into the following fields:

Firstly/first of all

Secondly/then/next

Thirdly/and then we come to

Finally/lastly/last of all

Questions

Id be glad to answer any questions at the end of my talk.

If you have any questions, please feel free to interrupt.

Please interrupt me if theres something which needs clarifying.

Otherwise, therell be time for discussion at the end.

Reference to the audience

I can see many of you are

I know youve all travelled a long way.

You all look as though youve heard this before.


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The table below lists useful expressions that you can use to signpost the various parts of your

presentation.

Function Language

Introducing the subject Id liketo start by

Lets begin byFirst of all, Ill

Starting with

Ill begin by

Finishing one subject Well, Ive told you about

Thats all I have to say about

Weve looked at

So much for

and starting another Now well move on to

Let me turn now to

Next

Turning toId like now to discuss

Lets look now at

Analyzing a point and giving

recommendations

Where does that lead us?

Lets consider this in more detail

What does this mean for ABC?

Translated into real terms

Giving an example For example

A good example of this is

As an illustration,

To give you an example,

To illustrate this point

Dealing with questions Well be examining this point in more detail

later on

Id like to deal with this question later, if I

may

Ill come back to thisquestion later in my talk

Perhaps youd like to raise this point at the

end

I wont comment on this now

Summarizing and closing In conclusion

Right, lets sum up, shall we?

Id like now to recap

Lets summarize briefly what weve looked atFinally, let me remind you of some of the issues

weve covered

If I can just sum up the main points

Ordering Firstlysecondlythirdlylastly

First of allthennextafter thatfinally

To start withlaterto finish up


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OUTLINING YOUR PRESENTATION

Basic Outline for Presentations

Summarize purpose and main points, and give closing thoughts.

Introduction

Capture attention, show benefit to audience, state qualifications, preview

Body purpose and main points

I. Main PointSupporting material: explanation, examples, statistics, quotes, visuals

II. Main PointSupporting material

III. Main PointSupporting material

Closing

Linking Ideas

Sequencing Comparing Digressing

firstly...secondly... similarly by the way

thirdly in the same way in passing

then next

finally/lastly Contradicting Giving examples

in fact for example

BridgeGambits actually for instance

lets start with such as

lets move/go on to Summarizing

now we come to to sum up Generalizing

that brings us to in brief usually

lets leave that in short generally

that covers as a rule

lets get back to Concluding

in conclusion Contrasting

but

Giving reasons/causes Highlighting however

therefore/so in particular

as a result/thats why especially


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Emphasizing and Minimizing

Emphasizing Minimizing

Strong adverbs intensify adjectives: Look at the way the following expressions ofWeve had an extremely good year. degree and uncertainty, modify, or minimize the

message:

Adverbs can be total, very strong, It seems we will have to delay the delivery.

strong, or moderate. The Chief Executive Officer appears to have left

the country.

Total

absolutely (fantastic) Its just a little bit further.

completely (awful) Were going to reduce our staff a bit.

entirely (depressing)

Very Strong

extremely (good) Perhaps we should consider resigning.

very (bad) There might be another way.

I tend to think we should stop now.

Moderate

fairly (safe) To some extent, the company has failed to realize

reasonably (expensive) its potential.

quite (cheap) Intonation is also very important in giving more

or less emphasis to what we say.


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Closing

Signalling the end

That brings me to the end of my presentation.

That completes my presentation.Before I stop/finish, let me just say

That covers all I wanted to say today.

Summarizing

Let me just run over the key points again.

Ill briefly summarize the main issues.

To sum up

Briefly

ConcludingAs you can see, there are some very good reasons

In conclusion

Id like to leave you with the following thought/idea.

Recommending

So, I would suggest that we

Id like to propose (more formal)

In my opinion, the only way forward is

Thanking

Thank you for your attention.

Thank you for listening.

I hope you will have gained an insight into

Inviting Questions

Id be glad to try and answer any questions.

So, lets throw it open to questions.

Any questions?


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VISUAL AIDS

Designing Visuals Describing Visuals

TASK

Watch the following video and list Terris tips on how to use power point effectively in your

presentation.

1. Look at the slides and ask yourself: is this slide for me? Or is this slide for them? If its foryou, scrap it.

2. Visual aids are meant for people to visually understand your presentation better.3. Use authentic visual aids.4. If visuals are overpowering, you lose control of the presentation.

What are some examples of visual aids? Do you often use visual aids when giving a presentation?

What types of visual aids do you use?

Visual aids are an important part of any presentation. They can be used to emphasize main points,

clarify difficult items or simply to liven up a presentation. Therefore, knowing how to use them is

important.

Be careful, though. Don't use too many! Remember - visual aids should be used as supports to

your spoken presentation and not as substitutes for it.

Bar Chart

Bars

Line Graph

solid line

broken line

axis

-

--

-

-

scale

Pie Chart

Segments

Flow Chart Organigram

rows

coluns

Table


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Graph 1

Graph 2

$m

.5 _

.4 _

.3 _

.2 _

.1 _

1.0_

.9 _

.8 _

.7 _

.6 _

.5 _

$,000

750 _ (750)

(550) (550)

500 _

250 _


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DDEESSCCRRIIBBIINNGG TTRREENNDDSS

Trends are changes or movements. These changes are normally in numerical items, e.g. costs,

production volumes or unemployment. There are three basic trends.

For each trend are a number of verbs and nouns to express the movement. We can divide the

verbs into transitive and intransitive. After a transitive verb we must put an object:

TThhee bbaannkkss hhaavvee rraaiisseeddtthheeiirriinntteerreessttrraatteess ttwwiiccee tthhiiss yyeeaarr..After an intransitive verb we cannot put a direct object:

OOuurrttuurrnnoovveerrrroossee llaassttyyeeaarr,, bbuuttoouurrpprrooffiittss ddrrooppppeedd..

Now lets look at the language of trends in more detail.

1.

Verbs Nouns

Transitive Intransitive

increase

raise

put/push/step up

extend

expand

increase

rise

go/be up

grow

extend

expand

boom

increase

rise

growth

extension

expansion

boom (dramatic rise)


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2.

Verbs Nouns


decrease

drop

put/push down

cut

reduce

decrease

fall

drop

go/be down

decline

collapse

slump

decrease

fall

drop

decline

cut

reduction

collapse (dramatic fall)

slump (dramatic fall)

3.

VerbsNouns


keep / hold ... stable/constant

maintain... (at the same level)

remain stable

stay constant

stability

4. Other Expressions

To stand at To reach a peak of To fluctuate To level off

In the first year sales in our region stood at 109,000

In the fourth year, sales in our region reached a peak of 24,000 units


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Sometimes we need to give more information about a trend, as follows:

TThheerree hhaass bbeeeenn aa sslliigghhttiinnccrreeaassee iinn tthhee vvaalluuee oofftthhee ddoollllaarr. (the degree of change)

SShhaarree pprriicceess ffeellll rraappiiddllyyoonn tthhee NNeeww YYoorrkk ssttoocckk eexxcchhaannggee ttooddaayy. (the speed of change)

Remember that we modify a noun with an adjective (a slightincrease); and a verb with an adverb(to increase slightly)

Describing the degree of change Describing the speed of change

dramatically

vast (ly)huge (ly) rapid (ly)

enormous (ly) quick (ly)swift (ly)

substantial (ly)significant (ly)

gradual (ly)

moderate (ly)

slow (ly)slight (ly)

a little

These can be qualified with an adjective or adverb to describe a change or a trend more precisely.

Adjective Adverb

Used to show a regular movement: steady steadily

gradual gradually

Used to show small change: slight slightly

Used to show considerable, striking sharp sharplyor unexpected change: dramatic dramatically

sudden suddenly

an adjective modifies a noun a slight increase

an adverb modifies a verb to increase slightly


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USES

We can describe a trend by looking at:

- the difference between two levels- the end point

1. Describing the difference

TThhiiss yyeeaarr ttuurrnnoovveerr hhaass iinnccrreeaasseedd bbyy 55 ppeerr cceenntt.. (The difference between this year and last year

is 5 per cent)

TThhiiss yyeeaarr tthheerree hhaass bbeeeenn aann iinnccrreeaassee iinn ttuurrnnoovveerr ooff55 ppeerr cceenntt..

Notice the prepositions. We use to increase by(with the verb) and an increase of(with the

noun).

2. Describing the end point:

TThhiiss yyeeaarr ttuurrnnoovveerr hhaass rriisseenn ttoo 33mm.. (The end result is that turnover is up to

3m.)

TThhiiss yyeeaarr tthheerree hhaass bbeeeenn aa rriissee iinn ttuurrnnoovveerr ttoo 33mm.

Notice the prepositions. We use to rise to (with the verb) and a rise to(with the noun).

Notes

1. Rise and raise

Note the following use of the nouns, meaning increase in pay:

WWee rreevviieeww wwaaggeess iinn OOccttoobbeerr aanndd iinnttrroodduuccee tthhee aannnnuuaall rriissee iinn JJaannuuaarryy.. (BrE)

WWee rreevviieeww wwaaggeess iinn OOccttoobbeerr aanndd iinnttrroodduuccee tthhee aannnnuuaall rraaiissee iinn JJaannuuaarryy.. (AmE)

2. Do not use up after increase, raise and rise; do not use down after fall, drop and decrease:

TThhee bbaannkkss hhaavvee rraaiisseedd tthheeiirr iinntteerreesstt rraatteess. (not: raised up)

OOuurr GGNNPP hhaass bbeeeenn ffaalllliinngg ffoorr tthhee llaasstt tthhrreeee qquuaarrtteerrss..(not: has been falling down)


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PRACTICE

1. Use an appropriate adjective or adverb to complete the descriptions of the following graphs.

Prices N of units produced

(in thousands)

US$ 22 -

20 -

20 - 18 -

18 - 16 -

16 - 14 -14 - 12 -

12 - 10 -

10 - J F M A M J J A S O N D 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992

2. The sentences below describe the accompanying graphs. Complete the sentences with the

most appropriate of the given alternatives.

Investment 1. Investment shows

a. a sharp increase.

b. a slight increase.

c. a slight fall.

$ 1000s 2. Sales of Product A have

20 - a. raised by $ 5000.

15 - b. risen by $ 5000.

10 - c. developed by $5000.

A B C

1991 saw a ________________ drop

in production, followed by a

__________ recovery in 1992.

Prices rose ____________ from February

to October, before falling _________ in

November.


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Share 3. After a period of continual

Price increase, the share price

a. has remained stable.

b. has fallen slightly.c. has expanded.

$ 1000s 4. In the first year costs

a. stood by $3000.

b. are standing at $3000.

3 - c. stood at $3000.

2 -

1 -

1 2 3 year

5. The price

a. reached a peak and then

slumped.

b. slumped then reached a peak.

c. slumped then grew

slowly.

Production 6. The cut in production

a. is dramatic

b. is very slight.

c. is very rapid.


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3.Match each sentence below to one of the following pictures (a) - (h).

1. ( ) The level of investment rose suddenly.

2. ( ) Sales of Product A fell slightly in the final quarter.

3. ( ) The Research and Development budget has stabilized over the past few years.

4. ( ) At the end of the first year sales stood at 50 per cent of the present level.

5. ( ) The share price reached a peak before falling a little and then maintaining the same level.

6. ( ) There has been a steady increase in costs over several years.

7. ( ) The sudden collapse in share prices has surprised everyone.

8. ( ) The value of the shares has shown a steady decline.

a b dc

e f g h


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4. Analyze the graph and complete the sentences with appropriate words or phrases.

1. The ____________ compares the performance of three products, A, B and C.

2. The _____________ shows time over ten years.

3. The _____________ shows the volume of sales in number of units.

4. Product A is represented by the _____________.

5. The performance of Product B is shown by the ______________

6. You can see the performance of Product C in the ______________.

7. Clearly ______________ is the most successful product.

8. Sales of Product B __________________________________ in recent years.

9. Sales of Product C ______________________________________.

10. Product A has shown a ______________________________________.

Units

_______ A

- - - - - - B


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ASKING and ANSWERING QUESTIONS

DIRECT QUESTIONSDo you have any plans for a new production plant?

Where do you plan to locate it?

POLITE QUESTIONS and ANSWERS

Questions

Do you mind if I ask you what/where/etc

Would you mind telling me if/whether

Could/Can you tell me about

Im interested to know

Id like to know

Answers

Go ahead/Please do/Certainly.

Thats a good question.

Thats interesting.

STATEMENT QUESTIONS and ANSWERS

Questions

All the space was booked for an October launch?

(question intonation)

It worries me that we dont have any replacements in the pipeline. Doesnt it worry you

too?

Answers

A positive statement question is looking for the answer yes:Its going to be late, isnt it? Im afraid so.

Youve got problems with the assembly? Yes, a few.

The suppliers have done their job. Is that right? Yes, as far as I know.


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A negative statement question is looking for the answer no:

We havent won the contract, have we? No, it doesnt look like it.

I wasnt a success? Not much of one.

We arent going to make it on time, are we? Im afraid not.

If the answer contradicts the statement, the word actuallyis often used:

The plants going to close, isnt it? Well, actually, Ive just heard the company is employing

more staff.

Clarifying a question

If I understand you correctly, you are saying/asking

I didnt quite catch that.

Could you go over that again?

Im not sure what youre getting at.

Avoid giving an answer

Perhaps we could deal with that later.

Can we talk about that on another occasion?

Im afraid thats not my field.

I dont have the figures with me.Im sure Mr () could answer that question.

Thats interesting, but Id prefer not to answer that today.

Checking the questioner is satisfied

Does that answer your question?

Is that clear?

May we go on?


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CLOSING

Use the closing to:

1. Sum up2. Give recommendations if appropriate3. Thank your audience4. Invite questions

The following table shows examples of language for each of these functions. You may need to

modify the language as appropriate.

Function Possible language

1. Summing Up To conclude,...

In conclusion,...

Now, to sum up...

So let me summarise/recap what I've said.

Finally, may I remind you of some of the main points we've

considered.

2. Giving Recommendations In conclusion, my recommendations are...

I therefore suggest/propose/recommend the following

strategy.

3. Thanking your Audience Many thanks for your attention.

May I thank you all for being such an attentive audience.

4. Inviting Questions Now I'll try to answer any questions you may have.

Can I answer any questions?

Are there any questions?

Do you have any questions?

Are there any final questions?


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Presentation Follow-Up Form

Write YES or NO and make comments, if necessary. (for students)

Structure and Content

Appropriate opening remarksOrganized opening

Clear message

Good timing

Appropriate level of detail

Main points are repeated with right frequency

Content related to audiences interests

Clearly marked transition from one point to another

Closing on positive and definite note

Body LanguageGood eye contact with audience

Appeared to be calm

No awkward mannerisms

Engaged audience with appropriate gestures

Stood in such a way that all visual aids were visible

Voice

Varied tone

Good mix of speed and volume

Not too fast/slow

No mumbling/hesitation

Natural delivery

Didnt let end of sentences tail off

Judicious use of pauses

Language

Limited use of OK, right, well, like, etc

Short words and sentences

No jargon or ambiguous phrasesFluent if not completely grammatically correct

Clear sentences


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Presentation Follow-up Form

(for TEACHER)

Organization and Content (45%) Poor Average ExcellentAppropriate Introduction

Clear Thesis

Presentation Organization

Adequate Support for Ideas (Weighted

2x)

Definite Conclusion

Visual Aids (Appropriateness &

Effectiveness)

Q & A Session-Knowledge of Topic

Use of Allotted Time

Presence (15%): Poor Average Excellent

Physical Appearance, Neatness and

GroomingPosture, Gestures and Movement

Eye Contact

Delivery and Grammar (40%) Poor Average Excellent

Enthusiasm and Vocal Variation

(freedom from monotone)

Preparation and Knowledge of Materials

Effectiveness of Delivery Method

Vocabulary and Use of Appropriate

Words

Freedom from Distracting Uhs &

Likes, etc

Pronunciation, Enunciation, Audibilityand Clarity

Grammar (Weighted 2x)

Total score out of a possible 100 points

Grade

Comments:

________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________


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Steps for preparing for your Business Calls

Look at the title of the video and brainstorm all the ideas or words that come toyour mind as you read the title.

Watch the video once for general comprehension. Watch the video three times and take notes on the general information that you

hear.

Then make one or two questions that you might have for the E-consultants.

Example: Business Call Video Task: New Solar Power

1. Brainstorm ideas on what you think the video New Solar Poweris about.2. Watch the video once for general comprehension. Dont take notes.3. Watch the video 2 to 3 times and take notes. Write down information, facts and

images that help you remember the videos theme.

4. Make two questions to ask the E-consultants.

FBC (Fundamentals in Business Communication) is a module that requires consolidation of

all previous communication and language acquisition skills. The classroom is one learning

environment and Trend Life is a great interactive platform to enhance learning.

Here are some tips:

Trend Life

This multimedia platform offers many tools to practice business communication

and language skills. You must work on: Business Calls (oral communication skills) Media Space (listening comprehension) Language Caf (grammar practice) Case Room (business case study) Good Morning CEO (listening comprehension & writing)

COMMUNICATION TIPS


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Good Morning CEO

Watch the interview and take notes on the general information about the CEO.

Listen for:

a. The profile of the companyb. The profile of the CEOc. What the CEO did to improve the companyThen, respond to the questions in the SHOUT BOX below the video.

Shout Box

1. What lessons have you learned from this CEO?2. How can these lessons apply to your company?3. What advice would you give to this CEO?


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Self Assessment

A The text below is part of a presentation of a glass-making company. Fill in the blanks with the

appropriate language.

Firstly So to recapitulate

Then And to complete the picture

Thirdly Now I would like to describe

Secondly As you can see from the transparency

If you look at Id like first of all to give you an overview

Good morning, ladies and gentlemen. Idlike first of all to give you an overviewof our

company, Pilkington Glass.

Pilkington is organized in three worldwide business lines. Firstly, the Building products

business, secondlythe Automotive products business and thirdlythe Technical Glass

products business.

As you can see from the transparencythe Building products business accounts for about

half the Groups sales and has manufacturing operations in 19 countries. Its largest

operation is in Europe and we also have major operations in North and South America and

Australasia.

The Automotive products business represents around 45% of sales. Its organization is sub-

divided into two major units supplying original equipment and replacement glass. There

are operations in 18 countries with a major presence in Europe and North America, and

important operations in South America and Australasia.

And to complete the picture the Technical Glass products business accounts for the

remaining sales and is centered in Germany, the United Kingdom, the United States and

Italy. It manufactures glass for the electronic and optical industry, precision mirrors and

solar energy panels. Now I would like to describethe companys structure. If you look at

the organization chart, the various businesses report through their management boards to

the chief executive. Then, working from the corporate center are Group functions

responsible for directing the businesses in their respective disciplines such as corporate

affairs, environment and safety, finance, purchasing, legal and secretarial, human

resources and internal audit. Technology is the only function that is organized centrally.

Thats all I want to say at this point on company structure.

So to recapitulate, we have three major business lines, Building products, Automotive

products and Technical Glass products. And there are various Group functions that report

to the chief executive through the management boards. Are there any questions at this

stage?


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B Match the functions with the way they can be expressed.

Chairing a meeting

1. Opening a meeting (d) a. Lets move on to the next item on the agenda.2. Stating the purpose of a meeting (g) b. Perhaps Mrs. Beck can tell us something about3. Beginning the discussion (h) c. So, what weve decided today is to4. Moving on to another topic (a) d. Shall we make a start?5. Checking everyone agrees (f) e. Thank you for coming and for your contributions.6. Concluding the meeting (e) f. Is that to everybodys satisfaction?7. Summarizing decisions taken (c) g. Were here today to talk about8. Calling on a speaker (b) h. Id like you in turn to give your points of view.

Taking part in a meeting

1. Interrupting someone (f) a. Sorry, I dont quite follow you. Could you be morespecific?

2. Making a point strongly (e) b. Im not entirely sure that3. Asking for clarification (a) c. That suits me fine.4. Agreeing (c) d. Im afraid I cant go along with that.5. Disagreeing (d) e. I do think its important to6. Expressing a doubt (b) f. If I could just come in here.

Teachers - Advanced Presentations - 1ª ed

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