Teach, Coach, Live: The Viability of the Three-Role Teaching Model in the 21 st Century J. Gregory...

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Teach, Coach, Live: The Viability of the Three-Role Teaching Model in the 21 st Century J. Gregory Martin

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The Five Defining Metrics Location-New England Founding-Prior to 1900 Selectivity- at least 35% in admissions Endowment/Wealth-at least $100 million or $150 million combined with physical plant Academic Rigor- at least 1800 combined SAT with the top three college acceptances be at schools ranked “most selective” by Peterson’s Guide

Transcript of Teach, Coach, Live: The Viability of the Three-Role Teaching Model in the 21 st Century J. Gregory...

Page 1: Teach, Coach, Live: The Viability of the Three-Role Teaching Model in the 21 st Century J. Gregory Martin.

 Teach, Coach, Live: The Viability of the Three-Role Teaching

Model in the 21st Century

J. Gregory Martin

Page 2: Teach, Coach, Live: The Viability of the Three-Role Teaching Model in the 21 st Century J. Gregory Martin.

Defining the Elite American Boarding School

• Built on the work of Baltzell (1958) and  Cookson and Persell (1985) 28 schools have emerged as elite based on meeting 3 of 5 metrics as defined by Ruben Gaztambide-Fernandez in 2006.

• By nature, elite schools are selective in their admissions, academically rigorous, athletically and artistically competitive, and demanding in conforming to the “total institution”(Goffman, 1957).

Page 3: Teach, Coach, Live: The Viability of the Three-Role Teaching Model in the 21 st Century J. Gregory Martin.

The Five Defining Metrics

• Location-New England• Founding-Prior to 1900• Selectivity- at least 35% in admissions• Endowment/Wealth-at least $100 million or 

$150 million combined with physical plant• Academic Rigor- at least 1800 combined SAT with 

the top three college acceptances be at schools ranked “most selective” by Peterson’s Guide  

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Elite Schools• Elite Boarding Secondary Schools in America•  School State Year Founded Students• Blair Academy                                    NJ                    1848                           458• Brooks                                                 MA                   1926                           380                                                                             • Choate                                                 CT                     1890                           865• Deerfield Academy                            MA                  1797                            636• Emma Willard                                     NY                    1814                           346• Episcopal High School                       VA                    1839                            435• The Governor’s Academy                 MA                  1763                           405• Groton School                                    MA                   1884                            381• The Hill School                                   PA                      1851                            515• Hotchkiss                                           CT                      1891                            600• Kent School                                       CT                      1906                            570• Lawrenceville School                        NJ                     1810                            816• Loomis Chaffee School                     CT                     1914                            675• Middlesex School                              MA                    1901                           375• Milton Academy                                MA                    1798                           695• Miss Porter’s School                          CT                     1843                           320• Northfield Mount Hermon               MA                   1879                           650• The Peddie School                              NJ                     1864                           551• Phillips Academy, Andover               MA                   1778                          1,138• Phillips Exeter Academy                    NH                    1781                          1,000                                                                              • Saint Mark’s School                            MA                   1865                           350• St. George’s School                             RI                      1896                           370• St. Paul’s School                                  NH                    1856                           531• Tabor Academy                                  MA                    1876                           514• Taft School                                         CT                       1890                            579• Thacher School                                  CA                      1889                            220 • Westminster School                           CT                     1888                            393• Woodberry Forest School                 VA                     1889                            396•  • (Numbers reflect the 2014/2015 School Year) Total 15,864 

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The Triple-Threat

• By the 1970s, the single “master” began to fade as coeducation came to most elite boarding schools (Cookson and Persell, 1985).

• A shift to a family environment saw improvements to on campus housing for faculty families

• Still present was the need to have classes taught, teams coached, plays produced, and residential life supervised

Page 6: Teach, Coach, Live: The Viability of the Three-Role Teaching Model in the 21 st Century J. Gregory Martin.

The Triple-Threat

• Used within the elite boarding school world since the 1950s, Cookson and Persell (1985) first used the term in academic research

• Triple-threat teachers are expected to contribute to the life of the school in a variety of ways

• Nearly all live on campus in dorms or free-standing housing

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The Triple-Threat

• Triple-threat educators are expected to perform at a high level in all three areas, understanding that they may have an area of expertise that takes precedent

• As teachers, triple-threat educators are “exempt” based on FLSA criteria meaning hours are not capped due to “overtime” regulations

• Workweeks of nearly 80 hours are not uncommon yet vacations longer than those in public schools. (TABS, 2014)

Page 8: Teach, Coach, Live: The Viability of the Three-Role Teaching Model in the 21 st Century J. Gregory Martin.

Problem Statement

While the triple-threat model has been the standard in boarding schools since the 19th century, changes in finances during the last decade, shifts in pedagogy, athletics, social needs, communication, parental expectations and available workers is putting pressure on this model. Consequently, it must be questioned whether the triple-threat model remains viable and if this model is sustainable for the future.

Page 9: Teach, Coach, Live: The Viability of the Three-Role Teaching Model in the 21 st Century J. Gregory Martin.

Purpose and Significance of the Problem

• The purpose of this study is to explore the effectiveness and sustainability of the triple-threat model in today’s changing educational landscape in elite boarding schools. 

• As education, the arts, and athletics become more specialized and competitive, teachers at elite boarding schools are consequently expected to excel in these areas of teaching, coaching, and overall role as “in loco parentis”. As a result, schools are being forced to reassess the hiring model that utilizes the triple-threat teacher.

Page 10: Teach, Coach, Live: The Viability of the Three-Role Teaching Model in the 21 st Century J. Gregory Martin.

Consensus Without Agreement

• In conversation with heads of non-elite schools, consultants, and search agencies, consensus emerged regarding pressures on the triple-threat.

• Even with this acknowledgement, no agreement presented itself when addressing the impact on the model or its future.

Page 11: Teach, Coach, Live: The Viability of the Three-Role Teaching Model in the 21 st Century J. Gregory Martin.

Research Questions

• How are elite American boarding schools currently utilizing the triple-threat model?

• What kind of pressures exists in hiring for the triple-threat teacher and are these pressures forcing a shift away from the model?

• How are schools addressing possible pressures on the triple-threat model via staffing modifications and creativity in modifying hiring practices?

• What is the future of the triple-threat model?  

Page 12: Teach, Coach, Live: The Viability of the Three-Role Teaching Model in the 21 st Century J. Gregory Martin.
Page 13: Teach, Coach, Live: The Viability of the Three-Role Teaching Model in the 21 st Century J. Gregory Martin.

Parental Expectations

Given the cost of a boarding school education, parents are increasingly expecting more from schools. 1) Expert teachers with advanced degrees from   “highly selective” schools 2) Expert coaches with D1 playing experience or national level play 3) Robust and dedicated residential life programs

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Hiring to Meet the Demands

• Hiring to meet these demands is a challenge to any school due to the level of qualification desired by parents.

• Within the “hiring matrix” of boarding schools, filling openings with exceptional triple-threat educators has always been challenging, more so now due to parental expectations.

Page 15: Teach, Coach, Live: The Viability of the Three-Role Teaching Model in the 21 st Century J. Gregory Martin.

Hyper Specialization in Athletics by New Hires

• Within the last 5-7 years new hires have focused on single sports as far back as high school. This impacts athletic programs overall since many new hires lack playing experience in multiple sports.

• Two or Three sport athletes have become increasingly rare

Page 16: Teach, Coach, Live: The Viability of the Three-Role Teaching Model in the 21 st Century J. Gregory Martin.

The Economy

Page 17: Teach, Coach, Live: The Viability of the Three-Role Teaching Model in the 21 st Century J. Gregory Martin.

A Buyer’s/Seller’s Market

• With the US economy recovering from the 2008 crash, young people have more job options.

• Simply put, talented young people see opportunities far outside of “careers” as the over 40 cohort defines them.

Page 18: Teach, Coach, Live: The Viability of the Three-Role Teaching Model in the 21 st Century J. Gregory Martin.

Millennial  Attitudes Towards Work

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The View About Jobs

• Millennials have been shown to view work and the idea of a “job” very differently than previous generations, especially the baby-boomers.

• To Millennials work is something that “is done between weekends” and the idea of a single career is not something they are looking for.

• Moving around every 2 years is commonplace

Page 20: Teach, Coach, Live: The Viability of the Three-Role Teaching Model in the 21 st Century J. Gregory Martin.

Views Regarding Balance

• Millennials see personnel time and the ability to engage in recreation and down time as being at least equally important to work.

• They will not give themselves to “a total institution”.

• As one head was told, “I can’t do weekends because I play in a band. But I want the job”.

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Data

• School size, location (rural, suburban, urban), wealth (endowment dollars per student), and mission statement all impact the evolution of the triple-threat.

• Data suggests agreement that the triple-threat is under stress.

• Data suggests the triple-threat model in unsustainable yet continues to be utilized

Page 22: Teach, Coach, Live: The Viability of the Three-Role Teaching Model in the 21 st Century J. Gregory Martin.

Data

• Data suggests the main stresses on the model are:–  1) Parental expectations for expertise both 

academic and athletic – 2) Changes in views towards work/life balance 

• Data offers no indication that the model is falling away with regard to use even though identified as unsustainable.

Page 23: Teach, Coach, Live: The Viability of the Three-Role Teaching Model in the 21 st Century J. Gregory Martin.

So What Does This All Mean?

• The triple-threat lifestyle is unique and those that find it appealing generally posses the same personal qualities as clergy or military

• Adjusting the model to cultural shifts while still meeting the needs of schools is paramount to the model’s future

• Creative hiring may enable heads of school to meet institutional needs while being sensitive to shifts in work culture and the hiring pool

Page 24: Teach, Coach, Live: The Viability of the Three-Role Teaching Model in the 21 st Century J. Gregory Martin.

So What Does This All Mean?

• Actively recruiting boarding school alums could act to bolster the model and provide continuity.

• Potential changes to the Fair Labor Standards Act may inadvertently bolster the model