Te Runanga o Ngati Porou

NATI LINK

I N S I D EI N S I D EI N S I D EI N S I D EI N S I D EChief executive officer’s report ............... 2Memorial Day for master carver ............... 3Education Grants ...................................... 3Te Puia depot returned to whanau ........... 4Maori electoral option .............................. 4

Education Register ................................... 5Te Wananga o Rongomaianiwaniwa ........ 6Te Wananga o Matariki ............................. 7Speech Competition winners ................. 10Tourism Ngati Porou .............................. 11

June 2001Te Aranga o Matariki

ISSUE 18

Hikurangi returned to Ngati Porou

Report from the chairman Apirana Mahuika

Legal title to Hikurangi was lost tothe iwi a century ago.Efforts to restore the mountain to thepeople began in 1989, with an agree-ment by the Crown to sell the part ofthe mountain, covered by PakihiroaStation to Te Runanga o Ngati Porou,for $300,000.The following year the Minister ofConservation agreed to return theHikurangi Block, which had been part

of the Raukumara Park, subject to aconservation covenant and an agree-ment over walkway access.However, the final terms of the agree-ment had remained contentious un-til 1999 with the signing of a deed ofagreement.Further delays came from litigationby Dr Hugh Barr and Public AccessNew Zealand.These issues were resolved last year.

All loose ends were finally tied upwhen the application to provide awalkway easement and conservationcovenant was signed off, June 20 -at Uepohatu Marae, Ruatoria.“We were successful in having thewhole mountain vested in the tribe.The accessway, the easement andthe conservation estate falls entirelyto us,” says TRONP chairman MrApi Mahuika. continued page 12

“Ehara takumaunga a

Hikurangi i temaunga

nekeneke hemaunga tu tonu

ko tokukingitanga no tepo mai rano, no

tua whakarere heihu to mai no te

po.”Na Te Kani a

Takirau

“Kei te rukuruku aTe Rangitawaea i

ona pueru.”

“Tukua mai ki auaki Hikurangi te

maunga e tauriaana e te huka”Na Te Aotaki

“Toitu te whenua”

We can now truly say:Ko Hikurangi te maungaKo Waiapu te awaKo Ngati Porou te iwi.I also wish to thank many otherswithout whom the foundation andplatform for my part would not havehappened – in particular Dr TamatiReedy who drove this kaupapawhen the then Pakihiroa Stationowner Colin Williams first contactedhim.

Ngati Porou tena tatau katoa.Tangihia o tatau mate. Tukua aturatau ki te po e au ai ta ratau moe.Ko tatau i muri nei, kia u, kia mauki nga take hei hapai i te iwi ki ngataumata o te ao nei.Another Nati Link comes to you fullof information and korero aboutthings at home here. The return ofMt Hikurangi has come to an endafter 11-years of tough negotiations.Both Matanuku Mahuika and my-

self wish to thank TRONP for the costof travel and accommodation formyself over the past decade to ne-gotiate for our mountain.Thanks also to TRONP for meetingthe legal fees for Matanuku when DrHugh Barr and Public Access NewZealand brought litigation against ourownership of Hikurangi.Our ownership gives us the mana tomanage the Conservation Estate overHikurangi.

continued on page 2

Te Runanga o Ngati Porou NATI LINK June 2001

Report from the chief executive officer Amohaere Houkamau

page two

Report from the chairman (continued from page 1) Apirana Mahuika

Tamati was then Sec-retary of Maori Affairs.Koro Wetere Ministerof Maori Affairs,backed Tamati forwhich we as NgatiPorou must acknowl-edge with gratitude.Thanks also to Win-ston Peters whoplayed a major role inassisting with financial avenues tomake the purchase possible; Den-nis Marshall, Minister of Conserva-tion; Nick Smith in spite of the con-frontational approach in pushing ourrespective views over Hikurangi andthe accessway - because at the endof the day, he made it happen for us.DOC staff, especially PeterWilliamson and Donna Llewell, so-licitor at head office – Kia ora.My next goal is to see our TreatyClaims bear fruit for all of us. Our

claims committee is do-ing good work. Part ofits role is to have ongo-ing consultation with allNgati Porou people. Ifwe are successful withour claims the returns tous will be very substan-tial.TRONP is working hardto achieve positive out-

comes for our people and has beendemonstrating much support forwhanau and hapu initiatives.Ngati Porou East Coast played afriendly game with the Bay of Plentyteam in the last week of June andour boys played well, even thoughBOP had the victory at the end ofthe day, but not by much. Remem-ber BOP were the second divisionchampions last year and are now inthe first division.It is also encouraging to read the lat-

est decision by the Privy Council(July 2 2001) in which it upheld theruling by Paterson J in the AucklandHigh Court which was endorsed bythe Appealate Court, namely thatallocation of fish assets and re-sources be to iwi.Ngati Porou has always stated thatit is capable of accommodating theneeds of all its people – given theresources and assets to do so.Hopefully Parliament will accept theruling by the Privy Council.Finally I must say a very Happy NewYear to all as we celebrate the be-ginning of the Maori New Year withthe rising of Matariki.A four-page Ngati Porou feature in-serted in the Gisborne Herald com-munity news bulletin commemoratedthis celebration.I wish every Ngati Porou wellMa Te Atua tatau e manaakiKia Ora

Tena tatau nga urio nga whetumatarau o Matarikinga mihi nui mo tetau hou. Ki ngamate o tenei roheputa no te motutangihia, kua hokinga wairua ki ngaariki o te po. Ahakoa kaore aHikurangi i temaunga nekeneke, mai rano tatau ewhawhai ana mo te kawana o tewhenua tapu nei. Kua tau, kua hokite mana whakahaere o to tataumaunga ki roto i nga ringa o NgatiPorou. He mihi tautoko ki te Whanaua Iritekura, kua u te kaupapa iwhakahokia tetahi wahanga o okoutou whenua. Kei te rere nga moana me ngaawaawa i nga momo tamariki oTangaroa, a kei te rere hoki ngamomo huarahi mo te iwi hei whakatuhe kamupene motuhake mo ngarawa o nga tamariki o Tangaroa.No reira e te iwi, kia ora tatau e taunei. We celebrated the beginning of theMaori New Year once again atopOtiki looking across to

Whangaokena, known tosome as East Island and toothers as Te Motu o Kaiawa.This ceremony was part ofthe Matariki Wanangahosted by Te Whanau aHunaara at Matahi o te TauMarae, Horoera.This brings to an end two ofour five Ngati PorouWananga for 2001. Thethree remaining wananga

will be Te Reo ake o Ngati Porou,August, Tokomaru Bay; Te Wanangao Hamoterangi, Labour Weekend, TePoho-o-Rawiri Marae; Te Wanangao Te Takapau a Maui, December,Hiruharama Marae.These wananga are, in addition to,and will compliment the annual TaApirana Ngata Memorial Lectures.To the fore in the machinations of theRunanga and other Ngati Porougroups is the current discussion sur-rounding how the Ngati Porou TreatyClaims (there are approximately 19individual claims) should be managed.The outcome of the discussions thusfar is that an independent Ngati PorouClaims Co-ordination Group has beenestablished and the Runanga, alongwith other claimants, will assist and

support the co-ordination group asand when it is appropriate.With the historical Maori Land Courthearing at Uepohatu last month,which brought to completion the le-gal requirements for the return ofHikurangi Maunga and the return ofthe Public Works Depot to TeWhanau a Iritekura in May, we arebeginning to see some of the initialfruits from the investment that NgatiPorou has made over many decadesfor the return and retention of ourwhenua and taonga.The other major area of Treaty Settle-ment that has sparked nationwideinterest is Fisheries, principally ‘who’should the Treaty of Waitangi Fish-eries Settlement Assets be distrib-uted to and if it is to iwi, who are theiwi. Three judicial authorities(Auckland High Court,the AppealateCourt and now the Privy Council)have affirmed what the Runanga hasalways maintained that the assetsshould be allocated to iwi and thatiwi are the traditional tribes.So one could say that the early har-vests already brought to bare sinceTe Aranga o Matariki projects a verybountiful and prosperous New Yearmo tatou.

Te Runanga o Ngati Porou NATI LINK June 2001

Pine Taiapa - tohunga whakairo

page three

Education grantsdistributed

More than $53,000 was distributed as education grants to196 Ngati Porou students.TRONP trustee Atareta Poananga, speaking on behalf of theEducation Grants committee, says that this year was one ofthe highest allocation of Runanga funds for Ngati Porou studyingat a tertiary level.She says “it’s brilliant” that 17 of the successful applicantswere studying at Masters, PHD and Doctorate levels.Careers in humanities, management, science and technol-ogy, fishing and forestry were the main areas of study for theeducation grant applicants.Ms Poananga believes that it is important that those skilledand trained in their respective fields return home to developour people and resource assets and management skills forthe iwi.“This is the main purpose why we set up these grants. Sothat our people might come home and bring with them theirwealth of learning and experience.”

Ko te manu e kai ana i te miro nona te ngahere.Ko te manu e kai ana te matauranga nona te ao.

Although Ngati Porou East Coast lost 16-29 to the first division Bay of

Plenty side in June the closeness of the game has supporters fired up

for the home team’s entry into the second division.

Register on the Maori electoral rollContact the Maori Roll co-ordinator

Lexi Puha 06-864 8121“Kei a koe te tikanga – it’s your choice”The Maori option to go on the Maori roll

only comes around once every five years – andthis is it!

Streams of sunshine set a perfectscene in Tikitiki, to celebrate andacknowledge the life of TohungaWhakairo, Pineamine Taiapa.Mr Taiapa was born 100 years agoon June 6, 1901.Hundreds of people gathered at RahuiMarae to remember the great artistwho was a major contributor in therenaissance of Maori carving andMaori art during the 1930s.Mr Taiapa was a Maori All Black, a

Captain of the C Company of the 28Maori Battalion, a farmer and a leaderof his people.“He held many seminars in NgatiPorou which were attended by otheriwi, in topics such as flora and faunaand their significance to medicineand Maori art,” Mr Apirana Mahuikasays.Mr Taiapa also taught the prepara-tion of materials necessary for weav-ing and tukutuku work.

There are many places around thecountry where Pine has developedplantations of flax species, each ap-propriate to the particular task re-quired.Mr Taiapa was a prolific writer. Muchof his material is held in libraries andwith his whanau.He is most famous for re-establish-ing ancient carving styles by revivingcarving techniques associated withthe adze.

Whanau and friends gather at

Rahui Marae (right) to honour the

life achievements of Pineamine

Taiapa (top left).

page four

Te Runanga o Ngati Porou NATI LINK June 2001

Kei a koe te tikanga - its your choice

Crown returns land to Iritekura

Blue skies blessed those who gathered to celebratethe official handing back of the former Works Depotproperty at Te Puia to the local hapu, Te Whanau aIritekura.In 1993 the 2.1 hectare depot site became surplus tothe requirements of the State Owned Enterprise, Works& Development Services Corporation (NZ) Ltd.The block then became the subject of negotiation be-tween the Crown and a committee established in 1994to represent the interests of the original Maori ownersof the block and their successors.Chairperson of the Iritekura Whenua Topu Trust Mr Tate

Pewhairangi, (pictured) says the day (June 2) markeda time of celebration for the whanau.“It has been a seven year journey of negotiations, de-lays and frustrations but the successful outcome makesit all worthwhile,” he says.On hand for the occasion was Minister of Maori AffairsParekura Horomia. Mr Horomia said he was pleasedto be present, to acknowledge the transfer back to TeWhanau a Iritekura, the small but “obviously significant”piece of land.Also present were Irene Taylor (pictured), representingthe former owner of the depot site and Craig Linkhorn,lawyer with the Crown Law Office, both of whom be-came involved in the latter stages of negotiation. Theypresented to the Trust a framed copy of the new deedof ownership for the block, now in Maori land title.The block was initially offered back to Te Whanau aIritekura at market value. However, the negotiating com-mittee was able to cite research completed by Treatyclaims researchers employed by Te Runanga o NgatiPorou that highlighted several historical issues that hada bearing on a “fair” price for the land.Mr Pewhairangi said that, while the land had beenbought back by Iritekura the price finally arrived at was“satisfactory”.A member of the negotiating committee, Sir HenareNgata, also present at the ceremony, was reported assaying, when once asked what was the purpose of put-ting so much effort into having the land returned toIritekura: “The principal purpose is simply to have theland back.”Rei Kohere, former manager of the Treaty Claims Re-search Unit for TRONP, was thanked for his role in help-ing to facilitate the successful outcome to negotiations.He, in turn, acknowledged a long list of people who hadover the years contributed to the case.Mr Kohere said the depot land and the historical mat-ters relating to it were symbolic of Ngati Porou Treatyclaims. “This case, while important in its own right, also en-capsulates all the issues of Treaty breach that under-pin Ngati Porou land claims.”

East Coast Maori roll co-ordinatorLexi Puha encourages all eligiblewhanau to come on to the Maoriroll.She says the number enrolled onthe Maori roll can help determinethe number of Maori electoral seats.“If all Maori were enrolled on theMaori roll there would be about 13Maori electorates. If all Maori de-cided to go on the General roll therewould be no Maori electorates.”

Before 1993 there were only fourMaori electorates. However whenMMP came about in 1993 the lawwas changed so that the number ofMaori electorates depends on theMaori roll numbers.Since 1993 the number of Maori elec-torates has grown steadily from fourin 1993 to five in 1996 and six in 1999.There are about 320,000 Maori whoare enrolled as electors at present.Of this number 51.25% are on the

Maori roll and 48.75% are on thegeneral roll.Mrs Puha says you can make yourchoice during the Maori ElectoralOption, which is being held thisyear from April 2 to August 1.“It’s our chance to give ourselves astronger political voice.”For further enquiries Phone 06-8648121 Freephone 0800 36 76 56. Orcheck out the Electoral Commissonwebsite www.elections.org.nz

page five

Te Runanga o Ngati Porou NATI LINK June 2001

Minister of Maori Affairs ReportParekura Horomia

The initiative known as Whaia te iti Kahurangi - Strength-ening Education Outcomes in Ngati Porou and East CoastCommunities - has contributed to exciting education de-velopments in and across the 19 schools and kura involved.These developments include:

helping schools and kura to work more closely withtheir communities

helping schools and kura to work together on whatthey are teaching

encouraging Ngati Poroutanga to add value to the NewZealand curriculum

having a professional Principal’s Association workingwith enthusiasm

providing a computer network that helps principals andteachers to run their schools better and to provide abetter education for the children of the East Coast

providing close involvement in developments in theteaching of literacy and numeracy and in assessinghow children are doing at school

One of the goals of Whaia te iti Kahurangi is to maintainstrength in leadership across schools by both principalsand innovative teachers. There are also opportunities toinvolve specialist expertise for particular one-off develop-ments.

To contribute to this goal, a Ngati Porou and East Coastcommunities Education Register is being established. Thisregister would be maintained by Te Runanga o Ngati Porouwith the intent that registrants be contacted when vacan-cies occur and invited to put forward an application.

Ngati Porou now seeks expressions of interest from peopleor groups who will add value to education outcomes inNgati Porou and East Coast Communities. Interest issought from those who have Ngati Porou whakapapa andthose who have an interest in and understanding of NgatiPoroutanga.

Please contact: David Goldsmith, Transition Director,Whaia te iti Kahurangi Education Support Team, 7223Waiapu Road, PO Box 226, Ruatoria, email:david.goldsmith@minedu.govt.nz by 31 July 2001. Pleasesupply your name, area of interest, mail address (andemail address if possible). A response will be avail-able to you within three weeks of receipt of expres-sion of interest.

AN OPPORTUNITY TOCONTRIBUTE TO EDUCATION

DEVELOPMENTS

A NGATI POROU AND EASTCOAST COMMUNITIES EDUCATION

REGISTER

Tena koutou e te whanau. The link between socialservices, training and employment was very evidentwhen my colleague Steve Maharey and I releasedthe Tairawhiti Forestry Labour/Skill Shortage Strat-egy. The forestry industry can make a positive dif-ference for Maori people, given our ownership of landhere and the potential for jobs. More work needs tobe done to attract young unemployed Maori, letalone keep the ones already working in the forestryindustry. Maori have a key role to play in both iden-tifying the problems and in ownership of the solu-tions. We want to offer a sustainable and worth-while career choice for our tamariki (and ourselves)on the land and in the forests.There are some very hard issues to address for ex-ample the lack of skills, poor work skills amongstthe potential workforce and drug and alcohol abuse.But tackle them we must if we want to go forwardand I know the strategy provides some good direc-tion. The partnership between Te Runanga o NgatiPorou, Ngati Porou Whanui Forests Ltd and theWaiapu Work Trust is an example of the significantrole that Maori can play in addressing the problemswithin the forestry industry.There was an unmistakeable Ngati Porou presenceat the recent Matariki celebrations in Wellington.The po whakangahau marked the end of the twoday Reo Maori conference at Te Papa. There wasan air of festivity as people crowded into theBoatshed to celebrate Te Reo Maori and to enjoythe music of Toni Huata, Brannigan Kaa, Hare andRuia Aperehama and the guest performers Aaria.The night gave me confidence that Te Reo Maori isnot only surviving but thriving. We all have a respon-sibility to make sure this taonga continues to beavailable for our mokopuna.Looking to the future, I was very pleased to be at theceremony where representatives of Te Whanau aIritekura were returned the ownership of the old Min-istry of Works depot block at Te Puia Springs. Theoccasion marked the end of nine years of talks andgovernment officials paid tribute to the integrity ofthe negotiating committee. There is huge potentialfor the trustees to use the site for the benefit of thecommunity and I have instructed Te Puni Kokiri toprovide assistance through programmes like theMaori Business Facilitation Service and CapacityBuilding. Well done to all those involved and I lookforward to future developments on the site.

Ko Hikurangite manugaKo Waiapute awaKo Ngati Poroute iwi

Tihei Mauri Ora

page six

Te Runanga o Ngati Porou NATI LINK June 2001

Five Ngati Porou wananga were set for this yeardue to a consistent deluge of requests from NgatiPorou kei te whenua.“During our taura here visits last year mai i Kaikoheki Murihiku, Ngati Porou consistently said that onething the Runanga could do for them was to facili-tate a series of wananga on Ngati Poroutanga,” saysTRONP Ceo Amohaere Houkamau.Plans to hold the wananga were planned at the endof the 2000 year with pakeke from marae setting thethemes for the wananga. “We younger ones wereasked to help with organising the wananga.”So far two wananga have been successfully held -Te Wananga o Rongomaianiwaniwa and TeWananga o Matariki.The third wananga in the series, is on Te Reo o NgatiPorou and will be held, at Tokomaru Bay in August.The other wananga for 2001 will be Te Wananga oHamoterangi and Te Wananga o Te Takapau o Maui.Ms Houkamau says the Runanga was asked bythe host marae to support the wananga in an ad-ministrative role.

Te Hapukuniha, “Papa Jacob” Karaka (pictured bot-tom right) and the whanau of Rahui Marae, Tikitikihosted the first of the Ngati Porou wananga in April.The hui named Te Wananga o Rongomaianiwaniwawhich was held mostly in Te Reo ake o Ngati Porouwas attended by Ngati Porou whanau from throughoutthe motu including Wellington, Hamilton and Auckland.Rongomaianiwaniwa was the daughter of Porourangiand Hamoterangi and the sister of Hau and Ueroa.Papa Jacob led the day-long workshop, sharing hislife experiences and historical stories of the area andthe people who lived there.A genealogical connection to the various iwi and haputhroughout the Ngati Porou area and beyond thePotikirua ki Te Toka a Taiau boundaries was given.Discussions also included the tracing of whakapapato Rongowhakaata, Te Aitanga a Mahaki, NgaiTamanuhiri and Kahungunu.Papa Jacob’s advice for those who are learning TeReo is to build a strong foundation.He says this foundation can be set up with the thor-ough knowledge and correct pronunciation of the Maorivowels.“Learn to correctly pronounce these and you will havea strong base to build (the reo) upon,” he says.

Wananga Support

Te Wananga o

Rongomaianiwaniwa

Rahui Marae

Tikitiki

Knowledge shared,history recorded

page seven

Te Runanga o Ngati Porou NATI June 2001

The rising of Matariki heralds for iwi the Maori NewYear. In Ngati Porou this event is celebrated annu-ally at Otiki, the East Cape Lighthouse hill.TRONP trustee Selwyn Parata says that it is ap-propriate the tradition be observed from Otiki over-looking Whangaokena because Otiki is the mosteasterly point of the North Island mainland.Special celebrations for the start of the Ngati Poroumaramataka’ included Te Wananga o Matariki whichwas held at Te Matahi o Te Tau Marae, Horoera –June 22-23.Marae pakeke Koro Dewes inspired the group at-tending the wananga with his stories, which relatedto Matariki and the surrounding area.Matariki ahunga nui – “The Pleiades with manymounds heaped up.”The New Year was indicated by the appearance ofthe Pleiades or Matariki. Themounds were heaped up for thekumara tubers, because the plant-ing season was not far off.The importance attached to Matarikiis the fact that thought and plan-ning needs to be given to the com-ing planting season. It was often atime of hunger, when food supplieswere getting low.Ka kitea a Matariki, na kuamaoka te hinu - When Matariki isseen then the preserved flesh iscooked. The flesh of animals likebirds and rats were preserved in fat,the work was done in May or Junewhen Matariki appeared.

Te Wananga o Matariki, Te Matahio Te Tau Marae, Horoera

Te Runanga o Ngati Porou NATI LINK June 2001

page eight

The Porourangi Maori Cultural SchoolThe following korero follows on fromthe lecture published in Nati Link 17.

We shall deal in detail withRongowhakaata and his contributionto the make-up of the East Coasttribes in a later lecture.

Here is the descent of Tupuhikai:Rongowhakaata UetupukeTutaunga Pahirauwaka of HauitiTUPUHIKAI Hurumaiterangi

Tupuhikai and her husband lived atWhangara, where her name is asso-ciated with place-names, such as TeMimi o Tupuhikai and others. Shelived in the stirring times of Parua-kaitangata, who is shown on ourHauiti table paged 13, Apanui-mutu,son of Rongomaihuatahi on our Tauatable paged 9 and Tuwhakairiora, sonof Te Ataakura on tables paged 3 andII. Tupuhikai was killed nearWhangara by Tamaterangi of Wairoa,who came to seek and slay Parua-kaitangata. But this is getting too farahead of our story. I may concludethe note on Hurumaiterangi and hiswife, Tupuhikai, by mentioning thatamong their descendants wereHinekino and Hinerimu, two sisterswho were the wives of the great war-rior ancestor of Whangara, KONOHI,Te Ropuhina and Hineumu, firstcousins, who became the wives ofTE HUKI, the great Wairoa andMahia ancestor, and Rangikapitiao,who became the wife of our own war-rior ancestor, TINATOKA and motherof Te Whakaohonga, the chief wifeof Hunaara.The two younger brothers ofHurumaiterangi, namely Tuhua andTawhao are among the progenitorsof Ngati Hau and a section of TeWahineiti. So that the elder branchof the family of Manutangirua spreadboth southwards and northwardsfrom Uawa.It is from the marriage of Hingangaroawith IRANUI that we trace the clos-est connection between the varioussections of the descendants ofPorourangi from Turanga toWharekahika and thence to the Bayof Plenty. Iranui was the sister ofKahungunu, the ancestor from whom

the Ngati Kahungunu tribe derivesits name. He begins now to comeprominently into East Coast history.The link with the Porourangi line maybe seen from the following brieftable:

PorourangiUeroa TakotowaimuaTokerau-wahine IraIwipupu TamateaIRANUI KAHUNGUNU

The Tamatea shown in the table asthe father of Iranui and Kahungunuis according to our elders the fourthdown from the Tamatea, who cameto New Zealand in the Takitimu ca-noe. Chiefly through these two of hischildren as well as through othermembers of the crew of TakitimuNgati Porou claims that canoe as oneof the chief transports of their ances-tors from Hawaiki.In the time of Hingangaroa the de-scendants of Porourangi throughManutangirua were definitely occu-pying the Uawa district. Hingangaroawas a great artist, carver and builder.He was an expert in the building ofcanoes. It was this that led him andhis wife Iranui to visit Kahungunu inthe Whakaki district of Wairoa. Iranui,then in child, saw Kahungunu andhis people finishing the body of acanoe and fixing the prow and sternpieces by tying them on by straightjoints, tuporo haumi. A canoe builtin this way depended largely on therauawa or side boards for strengthand rigidity. She told of her husbandwho was an expert in such mattersand showed her brother the new wayof dovetailing the pieces in. She ef-fectually if not modeslty illustratedwhat she meant by lying down andplacing her brother’s legs each sideof her own. Hingangaroa was invitedto Whakaki and there demonstratedthe art of joining haumi. It was atWhakaki on the beach that Iranuigave birth to her second son, Mahaki.The gulls pecked at the birth dis-charge, hence the nickname Ewe-karoro.Hingangaroa’s renown as a masterof the arts and crafts of his race isreferred to in Rangiuia’s Lament:

Me ko Manutangirua, ko Hingangaroa,Ka tu tona whare Te Rawheoro, e;Ka tipu te whaihanga, e hika, ki Uawa.Ka puta te whakaitu, te Ngaio-tu-ki-Rarotonga,Ka riro te manaia, ka riro te taowaru,Ka taka i raro na i a Apanui, e,Ka puta ki Turanga…..

This is the most definite and authori-tative statement of the existence inthis old center, Uawa, of a school ofarts and crafts. Te Rawheoro becamethe leading whare wananga of theEast Coast area from Wharekahikato Wairarapa. Rangiuia who lived inthe early part of last century was itslast priest and teacher. Tokipuangaof Ngatiira, Mohi Ruatapu ofTokomaru, Hoani Te Parehuia ofNgatiira were among the pupils ortauira of Rangiuia. We shall find themanuscripts left by Mohi Ruatapuand Wi Tamawhaikai, brother ofHoani Te Parehuia very helpful in thiscourse.The fame of Hingangaroa attractedexperts from other parts of the EastCoast and from Te Kaha. The schoolhe founded, Te Rawheoro, developedinto an institution for teaching andmaintaining the occult knowledgebrought from Hawaiki as well as aschool for training in the arts andcrafts. In a later generation Iwirakau(see table paged II) of Waiapu andTukaki (grandson ofRongomaihuatahi (see table paged9) came to Te Rawheoro for an in-tensive course in woodcarving. Ac-cording to custom they brought agift, Te Ngaio-tu-ki-Rarotonga, a cloakof the finest fibre and workmanship,an heirloom which some authoritiessay came with the migrants fromHawaiki, and proferred it in exchangefor the knowledge they came toseek. Iwirakau added to the designsand styles of the Waiapu carvers newdetails acquired from Uawa, whileTutaki founded at Te Kaha and theneighbourhood, one of the most fa-mous schools of carving in pre-Pakeha days. Outstanding ex-amples of the work of the descen-dants of Iwirakau from the PortAwanui district may be seen in theAuckland Museum. But they aresurpassed by the carved slabs of the

page nine

The Porourangi Maori Cultural School

Te Runanga o Ngati Porou NATI LINK June 2001

front part of a pataka or storehouse,which had been hidden in a cavenorth of Te Kaha to save them fromthe raiding Nga Puhi. These price-less remains of the art of Tukaki andhis descendants are also preservedin the Auckland Museum.The further story of Te RawheoroSchool of Learning may be found inmy introduction to Rangiuia’s lamentfrom which I have quoted freely inthese lectures. The Maori PurposesBoard are supplying the School witheighty copies of the composition aspublished in the Wananga magazine.The institution of Te Rawheoro Schoolat Uawa presupposed a state of af-fairs in the district and among thedescendants of Porourangi……There were born to Iranui byHingangaroa three sons, TAUA,MAHAKI-EWE-KARORO andHAUITI. With these three ancestorsthe compartments into which we canplace the main subdivisions of theNgati Porou tribe acquire definite-ness. We can say, that it is from theeldest, Taua, that the Ngati Porouelement in the make-up of theWhanau a Apanui tribe is predomi-nantly derived; that it is from Mahaki-ewe-karoro, the second brother, andhis marriage with Hinemakaho, thatNgati Porou proper in the limited ap-plication of that designation tracedescent; and that Te Aitanga a Hauitiwith their center at Uawa claim theyoungest of the sons, Hauiti, as theireponymous ancestor.

TAUA

I quote here a statement by WiPewhairangi, an elder of the Whanaua Ruataupare of Tokomaru:“When the three children of Iranuiwere born Tamatea-a-Muriwhenuaheard of it at Tauranga. When Tauawas born he sent the Pararaki, TePananehu and Ngaoho hapu, also TeAhowaiwai, to be a people for hisgrandson, Taua. When these hapucame they were absorbed into thetribe known as Wahineiti. When Tauaand Mahaki saw these people hadbeen sent for them they commencedto persecute their brother Hauiti.”We have in this statement an expla-nation of the traditional account of

the large population, which at thistime occupied the Uawa district.The settlements linked up withWhangara in the south and withTokomaru in the north. In the fightingwhich took place between Hauiti andhis elder brothers they led large warparties whose numbers cannot beaccounted for by the direct descen-dants of Porourangi. In our previouslecture we recounted how the eldersexplained the existence of NgatiRuanuku. Wi Pewhairangi accountsfor the number of Taua’s retainers byimporting them from the Bay ofPlenty, the habitat of the tangatawhenua tribes over whom Toi and hisdescendants had cast the mantle oftheir mana and chieftainship. Thenames of the tribes sent by Tamateato be a people for his grandson arefamilies in East Coast tradition. TePananehu are associated with theOpotiki district and we will hear ofthem besieging Kahungunu in his paMaungaakahia at Nukutaurua on theMahia Peninsula under their leadersTutamure and Tamataipunoa. TeHapu Pararaki are referred to in thepatere of Hineiturama of Te Arawa inthe following lines:

(Nga Moteatea: Part 2, song 131)Mokai taku whaea i riro atu na,I waiho ai hei hikihiki tauaKi te ihu o Pauanui, Ko te hapuPararakiTo peha taua e te Kirirarauhe ki te rangi.

The Pararaki people are heard of atUawa, up the Hikuwai Valley and atTokomaru they were prominent inthe killing of Tautini, grandson ofHauiti, at Toiroa pa. Their name isassociated with the ope of Ngai Tuereunder Tamakoro, Uetaha and otherchiefs when they tracked north fromWhangara to recover the lands ofRuawaipu in what is now MatakaoaCounty.As to Ngaoho there are several tra-ditions. One is that it is an ancientname for Te Arawa, representing thesemi-divine origin of the tribe. Thelegend is that an atua in the form ofToi co-habited with Te Kuraimonoa,chief wife of Toi, and begatOhomairangi; hence NgaOhomairangi or Nga

Ohomatakamokamo. As in othercases the name was probably ap-plied to retainers and other nonde-script collections of peoples. At anyrate a people called Ngaoho pervadedmany parts of the Bay of Plenty andpenetrated to northern Waiapu. Wewill take up their story in the properorder.

Te Ahowaiwai mentioned by WiPewhairangi are among the tangatawhenua tribes known to the eldersof this district, together with thePohoumauma, Raupo-ngaoheoheand others.Wi Pewhairangi tells us, that whenthese hapu, who were sent byTamatea to be a people for his grand-sons came they were absorbed intothe tribe known as Wahineiti. Wehave already seen that NgatiRuanuku and Te Wahineiti were prac-tically one people at the same timethey slew Poroumata and his sons.It is very important to remember inthis course and in your studies of thesettlement of this district, the veryconsiderable tangata whenua in theearly population. You will not other-wise be able to appreciate the manyevidences of occupation, especiallythe hill fortifications and terraced pawhich extend all along the seaboardand up the numerous valleys of theHorouta canoe area.

In the story of Taua and his youngerbrothers we are concerned chieflywith the country north of Uawa andwest and northwest of it up theMangaheia and Hikuwai valleys. Ca-noe transport made possible the oc-cupation of these valleys, but themost important settlements were atthe mouth of the Uawa river on bothsides of the river and along the coastto Anaura, Te Mawhai and north ofthat point.According to one authority the greatpa were at Te Karaka Marau and TeMawhai, and that the brothers livedat the POHATU-A-TIKI pa at Marau.The name of another pa there wasTe Iki-a-Tauira. Closer in to Uawa andnorth of it were PAONEONE andPAERAU. On the west bank of theUawa river and up the Mangaheiavalleys were other great pa, two ofwhich you see as you approach

Te Runanga o Ngati Porou NATI LINK June 2001

page ten

The Porourangi Maori Cultural School Speech WinnersTolaga Bay township from the north.In that environment and supported byhis numerous retainers Taua lordedit over the people of Uawa. He wasthe senior male representative of agreat line from Hawaiki andWhangara. But he was overbearingand grasping. With his youngerbrother MAHAKI-EWE-KARORO heappears to have exercised his privi-leges as chief and overlord in a ty-rannical manner.Mahaki was favoured by his elderbrother and emulated the latter inmanner and conduct. We have re-corded the circumstances of hisbirth, here is another account of itby the late Hone Ngatoto Tuwahiawa,which I quote here as an introduc-tion to a haka fragment, which hassurvived from the ceremonial open-ing of Te Kani-a-Takirau meetinghouse at Uawa:

‘Mo Mahaki te tikanga o tenei haka, iwhanau atu i a Iranui ki te one iKaimatai, kei te Whakaki.Ko te take o te haere a Iranui ki reira, ihaere raua ko te tane, ko Hingangaroa,ki te whakaako i a Kahungunu ki tewhakatutaki haumi waka. Ka whanaua Mahaki, ka puta te ewe i te akau, kakainga e te karoro, ka tau atu tekowhitiwhiti o ro rimu ki runga.“Ko Mahaki i mate ki te moana i tewhainga i te ika, i te aturere, i teatihakona.”

This is the haka fragment referred to.It was part of the ceremonial wel-come to Eru Pahau of Mangahaneaand his party on the occasion of theopening of Te Kani meeting house.

“Nou anake te tipuna i whanau haere ite one i Kaimatai;Ka tuku mai te karoro ka timotimoia,ka kainga e te whitiwhitiHoki rawa mai ki te kainga ka tutu ngatokotoru a Iranui.Ka mate ra koe i te ngaere-nuku. i tengaere-rangi,I te whainga atu ki te ika tutu, ki te ikakoaro, ki te ika kohurawea.

Ka tukua kaunehe ki te huanui, iri tonute ake ki te whare!’

The wife of Mahaki was Hinemakaho,sister of Poroumata, and a lady whooccupies a high place in the galaxyof Ngati Porou ancestors. We have

Ngati Porou students are showingtheir specialised skills in the art ofspeechmaking.Three out of four Freemasons of NewZealand Cancer Society SmokefreeSchools Speech Competition win-ners for the region are from Ruatoria.(From left) Matanuku Parata andRoimata Papuni Iles from Te KuraKaupapa Maori o te Waiu o NgatiPorou took out the Maori section forform 1 and 2. Puna Manuel from TeManutahi School won the form 2 En-glish section.Over 500 students from 19 schoolstook part in the regional heats.The trio will compete in a nationallevel at Parliament in September.

Whangara-mai-Tawhiti are the win-ners of the recently held 49th

Karaitiana Tamararo Tairawhiti Fes-tival of Maori Performing Arts.Second-equal placegetters wereTuranga Wahine Turanga Tane andTuranga Ararau.These teams, along with Waiherere,will be ‘representing’ at this year’snational kapa haka festival atAuckland.

.....................................................

traced their immediate descendantsin table paged three children. Thedescendants of the eldest, Ratunuku,merged with the people of Turanga.One Hineka married Tamaihikitia-terangi, one of the great chiefs ofTuranga and Whangara; while an-other, Whatukai, was the ancestor ofTiopira Tawhiao, a chief of Te Aitangaa Mahaki. The descendants of theother two children, Kahukaore andKahukaura, live in the Waiapu valley.They had one husband, Kuranui.The descendants of Hinerongorua,second daughter of Mahaki andHinemakaho, are the Whanau a TeAopare of the Karakatuwhero valleynear Te Araroa, a section of TeWhanua a Apanui through her mar-riage with Apanui-Waipapa. ButMahaki is renowned as the leaderand ancestor of Te Wahineiti, whooccupied the Waiapu Valley, chieflyon the south side of the Waiapu Val-ley. By his marriage with Rakairoa(I) he and his descendants obtaineda substantial footing in the center ofthe Ngati Porou district and with theToi background of the early Maorisettlers there.They were not the first of thePorourangi stock to penetrate thelower Waiapu Valley. There is evi-dence, that the descendants ofRongomaianiwaniwa, daughter ofPorourangi, preceded them,Rongomaianiwaniwa married oneTawakika, who by the genealogicaltables would be a contemporary ofRakaipo. Most of her children werefound in occupation of the lowerWaiapu Valley, some on the northside of the mouth of the Waiapu River,some on the southern side betweenWaiomatatini and Tikapa.Mahaki ended his days while out fish-ing off the Uawa coast. But this wassome time after the events, which willbe narrated in our next lecture andwhich led to his expulsion togetherwith this elder brother, Taua, from thelands immediately north of Uawa.Hauiti, the youngest of the children ofIranui, led a revolt against Taua andMahaki and succeeded after muchfighting in driving them from Uawa tothe neighbourhood of Mangatuna andbeyond. The circumstances will bedetailed in our next lecture.

page eleven

Te Runanga o Ngati Porou NATI LINK June 2001

“Living Culture” - OUR WORLD, OUR PLACE, OUR HOME

Strength-based, child-centred, family focusedAn update by Tuhono Whanau man-ager Min Love

Exciting new ventures are on the hori-zon for Tuhono Whanau, a programmedesigned to nurture the well being ofour new mothers and their babies.We have recently welcomed four newkaiawhina (pictured left to right) JullietLardelli, Katerina Mill, Rauhuia Smithand Heni Tibble. (Also pictured is nine-month-old Kieran Wood.)The programme which has beenbased at Hamoterangi on Gisborne’sWainui Road, since its launch last Oc-tober, will be relocating to the Kaiti Mall.Due to the growth of the programme itis inevitable that the service relocate toa larger venue.We are sad to leave the warmth andmauri that Hamoterangi has providedfor us. However, the new move is anexciting venture with the larger spaceincreasing our capability to provide amore efficient and wider range of ser-vices to whanau.Tuhono Whanau would like to acknowl-edge all the whanau who have takenthe opportunity to be part of this verypositive home based programme.

Each whanau are assigned with theirown Kaiawhina based on mutual com-patibility. The Kaiawhiha visit thewhanau regularly to assist them in ac-cessing community services. Theyalso encourage whanau to draw ontheir own strengths, skills and abilitiesto achieve positive goals for them-selves and their children.The Kaiawhina are trained to deliver (inthe home) the Ahuru Mowai / Born toLearn curriculum that focuses on

phases and stages of child develop-ment, parent-child interaction, homemade resources, age appropriate ac-tivities, Te Hinengaro Miharo (informa-tion about “The Amazing Brain”) and hownature and nurture impact and influencethe development of our children.The Kaiawhina are able to deliver theentire Tuhono Whanau programmefrom a Ngati Porou/Iwi perspective aswell as a mainstream perspective if thisis more comfortable for the whanau.

An update by Tourism NgatiPorou co-ordinator KerryJohnston

For the third year, TRONP rep-resentatives took TourismNgati Porou to an InternationalTourism buyer event.TRENZ EXPO is NewZealand’s showcase of thecountry’s best tourism andtravel products.The expo held at Christchurchin May attracted 400 interna-tional buyer companies and394 seller companies.This year saw a distinctchange in the buyer companies whowere seeking out the -authentic Maoriproduct!That’s where we come in - “Living Cul-ture” Our World Our Place Our home -Our Way!TRONP was also represented at theexpo by trustee chairman Api Mahuikaand Lillian Tangaere-Baldwin.We worked around the clock meetingwith prospective buyers and promotingthe Ngati Porou package as the nexttravel destination for those who reallywanted the ‘authentic Maori product’.The tourism package includes a three-

day marae/home/farm stay combinationfor small groups 10 to 35 and free in-dependent travellers-FIT, (camper vantype tourists.) This is a new experience,which has not been offered before onthe tourist market.

The four-day expo involved 70 con-firmed appointments plus another 24,scheduled outside of the EXPOtimeframe.

Out of the 40 wholesale buyer compa-nies 34 confirmed they would return totheir respective countries and on sellour product between August and Octo-ber 2001.

What made our product soattractive?

We received the followingfeedback:

An opportunity to meetNgati Porou people inways that allow real hu-man exchange

That we were notcommercialised

That all contact was withNgati Porou people wholive in their respective com-munities

That structures hadn’t been builtjust for tourists.

That it is not only aspects of ourculture but the whole thing

Where to from here:

We will maintain our edge in the local/national/international market to ensurethat we do not become pawns in some-one else’s game or the Maori face tosomeone else’s product and like otherlocal industry initiatives are relegatedto being purely the labourers. We wantto be the industry designers and lead-ers.

Te Runanga o Ngati Porou ... Next Issue ...Book launch .............Ta Apirana Ngata

Housing projects ......He awhi

Fishing Company .....To be set up

Maori Option .............Enrolments

Te Whare Wananga o Ngati Porou

... And Much More...

DirectoryRegistered Office

1 Barry Avenue

PO Box 226

RUATORIA

Ph: 06 864 8121

Fax:06 864 8115

Email:Info@tronp.org.nz

Te Runanga o Ngati Porou NATI LINK June 2001

page twelve

Te Runanga o N

gati Porou/Te Rau H

erald Print Production

Offices

195 – 199 Wainui Road

PO Box 394

GISBORNE

Porou Ariki:

Ph: 06 867 9960

Fax:06 867 5335

Email: Porou.Ariki@xtra.co.nz

Mountain back in the hands of Iwi

“It’s quite different from other iwimountains where they have to sharemanagement with DOC and also haveto share other issues pertaining totheir mountain with others than theiwi themselves,” adds Mr Mahuika.Counsel for the Runanga, MrMatanuku Mahuika, says the out-come legally confirms the manawhenua status of Ngati Porou overHikurangi.“The mountain does not belong toany one sector – it belongs to all ofNgati Porou,” he says.An application to provide a walkwayeasement and conservation covenantwas granted by Deputy Chief MaoriLand Court Judge Wilson Isaac, as-sisted by Judges Caren Wickliffe andPat Savage, after a hearing of sub-missions from the Ministry of Con-servation and Te Runanga o NgatiPorou. Both parties supported theapplication and this coupled with thefact that the three adjucating judgesare all of Ngati Porou descent.

Ko Hikurangi te maunga, ko Waiapu

te awa, ko Ngati Porou te iwi. Cel-

ebrating the historic agreement over

the title of Mt Hikurangi at Uepohatu

Marae, Ruatoria in June were (from

left) TRONP deputy chairman Selwyn

Parata. Maori Land Court Judge Pat

Savage, Ngati Porou kaumatua Tom

Te Maro, deputy chief Maori Land

Court Judge William Isaac, TRONP

chairman Api Mahuika and Maori Land

Court Judge Caren Wickliffe

Continued from page 1

The agreement ratified earlier thismonth at Uepohatu allows TRONPto withhold access to the mountainfor up to 50 days a year for the pur-pose of spiritual, cultural or religiousevents and for farming operations.Since the alienation of Hikurangi andother Ngati Porou lands, successivegenerations have sought the returnof the mountain to Ngati Porou.In 1989 the opportunity to negotiatethe return of Hikurangi became a re-ality. Colin Williams then owner ofPakihiroa and one half of Hikurangi,spoke with Tamati Reedy, the thenSecretary of Maori Affairs to ascer-tain if Ngati Porou would want to pur-chase Pakihiroa, which encom-passes Hikurangi.This became the platform for an 11-year debate and negotiations withCrown to expedite the return ofHikurangi to Ngati Porou.The transfer of the title complete withcovenant and easement to TRONP

is a dream come true for Mr Mahuikaand all those involved with negotia-tions for the return of the mountain.Mr Mahuika advised his sonMatanuku Mahuika to take up thelegal case at no cost – to right thewrong that had occurred when theirgreat-grandmother Ngoingoi HarataTaheke from Te Aowera took part inthe signing of the lease that first alien-ated the Hikurangi land from itspeople in the early 1900s.“Research indicates that what ourtipuna actually signed was a leasebut the lease provision became a saleprovision …and that is how rapidlythe law was changing. What weunderstood one thing to be – becamesomething vastly different the nextday.”Ngati Porou pakeke, led by SirHenare Ngata, Tom Te Maro andHunaara Tangaere, all stressed theimportance of the mountain as ataonga of the Ngati Porou people.