Te Kotahitanga Phase 4
description
Transcript of Te Kotahitanga Phase 4
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Te Kotahitanga Phase 4
Cooperative Learning
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Introducing Cooperative Learning
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There’s some things you can’t do by yourself
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Vocabulary
Positive interdependence
Individual accountability
Group and individual reflection
Small group skills
Face to face interaction
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Cooperative Learning is a widely researched
teaching methodology(374 studies in 100 years)
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Advantages of Cooperative Learning
• Caters for student preferences
• Increases academic learning and provides authentic opportunities for the development of problem-solving and higher thinking skills and sponsors creativity
• Promotes greater independence in students and increases student involvement and motivation in learning tasks
• Improves attitudes to school and learning and reduces disruptive behaviour
• Fosters the development of interpersonal skills
• Is shown to be student preference at all ages
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3 Styles ofstructuringthe learningenvironment
Competitive
“I swim, you sink.”“You swim, I sink”
Individualistic
“We are each in this alone.”
Cooperative
“We sink or swim together”
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5 Fundamental Elements of Cooperative Learning
• Positive Interdependence
• Individual accountability
• Group and individual reflection
• Small group skills
• Face to face interaction
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Positive Interdependence
“This is the core of cooperative learning” (Brown and Thomson, 2000)
The success of the individual depends on the success of the group as a whole.
Each group member needs the others to complete the assigned task
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Positive Interdependence
• Shared materials where each group member has a different but necessary resource.
• Group roles. Less skilled members must have an appropriate role or task within the group.
• Groups have a common goal which all must achieve i.e. one product.
• Members share in the group’s success e.g. individual mark + bonus mark / praise for the group.
• Physical setting can enhance opportunities for cooperation e.g. one table per group.
• Groups can be encouraged to develop a group identity.
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Individual accountability
“to ensure that every individual will be able to perform on their own.” (Brown & Thomson, 2000)
Cooperative Learning does not allow 1 or 2 individuals to evade learning or participating in work.
Every member has to be clear about their own task / role and every member is required to learn and contribute to the work.
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Individual accountability “What you can do in a team today you can do on your own
tomorrow”
Each student is responsible for:• Their own learning
• Ensuring their group members learn as much as possible
• Achieving the group goal
• The smooth functioning of the group
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Fostering individual accountability
“The team builds our skills”• Randomly choose one member of a group to answer
questions or report on the progress of the group
• Remind the group often that they are mutually responsible for the work they complete
• Have each group member explain their group’s work to another group
• Randomly choose a group to hand in work in progress
• Students sign their work to show they are ready to stand by it
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Group and Individual Reflection
Reflection is a vital component of Cooperative Learning which:
• Fosters higher order thinking skills in authentic settings
• Develops student responsibility for their own learning
• Allows for future growth
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Reflection involves
• Evaluating how well they did the task and how well they worked together
• Analysing what they did in order to identify factors that helped or hindered the smooth functioning of the group
• Setting goals that will help groups function better in the future
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To encourage reflection teachers can
• Ask groups to complete short evaluations of their work – both content and process
• Have students set goals for themselves and their teams
• Encourage groups to reflect mid-task if they encounter difficulties
• Provide feedback
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Small Group Skills“taught not caught”THIS TAKES TIME
• We are not born cooperative
• The skills often need to be taught e.g. encouraging, questioning, paraphrasing, summarising etc.
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Face to face interaction“knee to knee and eye to eye”
• Encourages participation
• Stimulates communication, sharing of ideas / resources/ answers
• Fosters a sense of involvement, belonging and commitment
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Factors that foster successful face to face interactions
• Groups of no more than 4
• Requires setting up the physical environment so it makes it easy for students to work cooperatively in groups and makes it difficult for any student not to be involved
• Teach appropriate skills when required
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5 Fundamental Elements of Cooperative Learning
• Positive Interdependence
• Individual accountability
• Group and individual reflection
• Small group skills
• Face to face interaction
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Spencer Kagan adds - Simultaneous Interaction
• Active learning is maintained as often as possible
• Small, active teams work best
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Final Message
GEPRISPTe Kotahitanga has seven elements which work
interdependently – STRATEGIES is only one
Component.
Cooperative Learning provides a collection of
strategies that will help move classroom
interactions from traditional to discursive.