TE 09 1313 011213 02 Jaringan Telekomunikasi

Modul – 2Jaringan Telekomunikasi

1TE091313-02-Jaringan Telekomunikasi

Dasar Sistem Telekomunikasi

TE-0913132 sksVersi-4

Disusun olehTim Bidang Studi

Telekomunikasi Multimedia(M Aries Purnomo , Achmad Ansori, Djoko Suprajitno, Gatot Kusrahardjo, Sri Rahayu)

TE091313-02-Jaringan Telekomunikasi 2

Telecommunication Network

ExchangeTransmissionsystem

Transmissionsystem

Operationssystem

Operationssystem

Operationssystem

ExchangeExchange

WorkstationData communications network

TMN

Modul – 2Jaringan Telekomunikasi

Pokok Bahasan

Topologi JaringanCara Kerja TransmisiTopologi TransmisiKonsep Perangkat

Perangkat Analog, Digital, MobileKonfigurasi Jaringan



Public switched telephone network The public switched telephone network (PSTN) is the network of the world's public circuit-switched telephone networks.

It consists of telephone lines, fiberoptic cables, microwave transmission links, cellular networks, communications satellites, and undersea telephone cables all inter-connected by switching centers which allows any telephone in the world to communicate with any other.


Access

User (CTE)


Access : End-user connection(s) to core network.

user access, user-network accessThe means by which a user is connected to a telecommunication network in order to use the services and/or facilities of that network.

WireWireless

Optical Fibre

Connection elements:

Connection elements are all types of switching or routing equipment, such as local exchanges (for the direct connection of terminal elements) and transit exchanges within networks.

They may use circuit- or packet-based technology.

Switching systems contribute to the end-to-end delay, due to signal processing, and also to the amount of quantization distortion associated with digital pads and code conversion.



Topologi Jaringan

Hubungan MeshHubungan StarHubungan Tree (Hierarchical)

Hubungan RingHubungan Bus


Hubungan Mesh

Masing2 station memerlukan line sebanyak n-1 untuk terhubung ke yang lainnya

Total banyaknya line N=(1/2)n(n-1)


Hubungan Star

Jumlah line N=n, jauh dapat mereduksi line pada hubungan Mesh

Mampu menghemat line cost


Hubungan Tree

Hubungan ini untuk jaringan yang besar

Route yang langsung (direct route) disediakan untuk trafik yang besar, sebagai backbone


Hubungan Ring

Hubungan Ring sering digunakan untuk LAN (Local Area Network)


Hubungan Bus

Hubungan Bus sering digunakan untuk LAN (Local Area Network)

Transmission elements :

Transmission elements are all kinds of media used as the facility between connection elements and between connection elements and terminal elements.

The physical media of these elements may be metallic (e.g., copper), fibre-optics or wireless.

The signal coming from the user can be either analogue or digital, but between connection elements it is almost allways digital.


Cara Kerja Transmisi - (1)

• Simplex

PenerimaPemancar


• Duplex / Full Duplex

Penerima

PemancarPenerima

Pemancar



• Half / Semi Duplex

Penerima

PemancarPenerima

Pemancar



• Point to point• Communication provided by a link, for example, a

radio-relay link between two stations located at specified fixed points.

• STL ( Studio to Transmitter Link )

Topologi Transmisi - (1)


• Point to Multipoint • Communication provided by links, for example, radio-relay

links between a single station located at a specified fixed point and a number of stations located at specified fixed points.

Contoh :TV Cable



• Point to Area• Communication provided by links between a station located

at a specified fixed point and any number of stations located at non-specified points in a given area which is the coverage area of the station located at the fixed point.

Contoh :Stasiun Radio FMStasiun Televisi



• Multipoint to Point ( Data Collecting )

Topologi Transmisi – (4)


Contoh :Wireless sensor

• Conference

Contoh :Teleconference




Plain old telephone service (POTS) is the voice-grade telephone service that remains the basic form of residential and small business service connection to the telephone network in most parts of the world.

Konsep Perangkat POTS


(telecommunication) terminal; An equipment connected to a telecommunication network to provide access to one or more specific services.

NOTE : The term may be qualified to indicate the type of service or user, e.g. “data terminal”, “subscriber’s terminal”.

subscriber’s line, subscriber loop; A link between equipment in a subscriber's premises and the telecommunication centre providing the required services.

The telephone line connecting the subscriber’s equipment to the exchange.


port (of a network) A termination through which signals can enter or leave a network.

interface; A boundary between two systems or between two parts of the same system, defined by the specification of suitable characteristics, usually for the purpose of ensuring format, function, signal and interconnection compatibility at the boundary.

NOTE : An interface may be defined, for example, at a plug and socket connection, at the aperture of an antenna or between layers of a hierarchical system.


ConnectionA temporary association of transmission channels or telecommunication circuits, switching and other functional units set up to provide for the transfer of information between two or more points in a telecommunication network.

A connection between users’ terminals.

Note :1. A connection is the result of a switching operation.2 . A connection which allows an end-to-end communication, e.g. a conversation, may be called a "complete connection".3. The connection makes a communication possible but is not a communication.


Conversation (in telecommunication) An exchange of information between terminals.

call; communication; comunicaciónThe establishment and use of a complete connection, following a call attempt.

call attempt (by a user); A single sequence of operations made by a user of a telecommunication network trying to obtain the desired user, terminal or service.


Switching (in telecommunication) The process of temporarily associating functional units, transmission channels or telecommunication circuits for the purpose of providing a desired telecommunication facility.

digital switchingA process in which connections are established by operations on digital signals without converting them to analogue signals.

circuit switchingThe switching together of circuits to form a connection which is used for the duration of a call.


packet switchingThe function of handling, routing, supervising and controlling user packet data, as required, by an exchange.

node, switching nodeA point at which switching occurs.NOTE : The term “node” is sometimes used to refer to a point at which circuits are interconnected by means other than switching. In such a case a suitable qualification should be used, for example: “synchronization node”.

Sumber : Rec. ITU-R V.662-3-2000, Rec. ITU-T P-10-2006, ITU-T-Q-9-1998


Exchange


ManualSemi-automatic

Automatic


exchange (switching exchange, switching centre)An aggregate of traffic carrying devices, switching stages, controlling and signalling means at a network node that enables subscriber lines and/or other telecommunication circuits to be interconnected as required by individual users.

digital exchangeAn exchange that switches information in digital form through its switching devices.

An exchange that switches digital signals by means of digital switching.

local exchange [local central office]An exchange in which subscribers’ lines terminate.


transit exchange [tandem exchange, tandem central office, tandem office]An exchange used primarily as a switching point for traffic between other exchanges.

combined local/transit exchangeAn exchange in which subscribers’ lines terminate that also is used as a switching point for traffic between other exchanges.

international exchangeA transit exchange where international circuits and, in general, national circuits terminate.

mobile services switching centre (MSC)An exchange which performs all necessary signalling and switching functions in order to establish calls to and from mobile subscribers located in its area.


integrated services exchangeAn exchange arranged to handle multiple services such as telephone and data using all or part of the switching, signalling and control devices in common.

satellite exchangeA local exchange on a low level of the network hierarchy which is associated to another exchange and with no route switching functions except those towards the associated higher level local exchange. A satellite exchange has normally the capability to connect locally subscribers’ lines terminating in it.


telephone circuitA permanent electrical connection permitting the establishment of a telephone communication in both directions between two telephone exchanges.


Konfigurasi Perangkat Analog


Konfigurasi Perangkat Digital


Konfigurasi Perangkat Mobile


Network configurations :

The variety of possible network configurations is almost infinite.

Network configurations depend on the type of connection – short, average or long national or international calls – and the type of switching and transmission elements used in the different constituent parts of the connection.

Konfigurasi Jaringan

Network components :

Transmission components can be categorized into three main groups:

terminal elements, connection elements and

transmission elements.


Terminal elements :

In this clause only terminals designed for the transmission of speech signals in real-time are taken into account; however, it is recognized that the transmission plan also supports non-speech terminals.

Voice terminals include all types of telephone sets, digital or analogue, wired, cordless, or mobile, including the acoustical interfaces to the user's mouth and ear.


Modul – 2Summary

Topologi JaringanCara Kerja TransmisiTopologi TransmisiKonsep Perangkat

Perangkat Analog, Digital, MobileKonfigurasi Jaringan


TE 09 1313 011213 02 Jaringan Telekomunikasi

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