7/26/2019 T&D.Ch 1

1/25

Training andTraining anddevelopment :development :

an overviewan overview

Kamal Uddin AhmedKamal Uddin Ahmed Ph.D.Ph.D.

NSU MBA HRM # 603, 06 May2016

7/26/2019 T&D.Ch 1

2/25

Text bookText book

P. Nick Blanchard andP. Nick Blanchard and

James W. Thacker,James W. Thacker,Efective Training Efective Training Systems, Strategies,Systems, Strategies,

and Practicesand Practices, 2, 2ndnd ed.,ed.,New Delhi, PearsonNew Delhi, PearsonEducation, 2004Education, 2004

7/26/2019 T&D.Ch 1

3/25

What it meansWhat it means

Training is the at !"Training is the at !"

inreasing sills andinreasing sills andn!$ledge !" an em%l!yeen!$ledge !" an em%l!yee

"!r d!ing a %arti&lar '!( )"!r d!ing a %arti&lar '!( )

*d$in B+ li%%!*d$in B+ li%%!

7/26/2019 T&D.Ch 1

4/25

trainingtraining

Enales an organi!ation toEnales an organi!ation to ada"t toada"t to

changing conditionschanging conditionsand to e moreand to e more

e#ecti$e in the market"lacee#ecti$e in the market"lace %tructured as a%tructured as a continuouscontinuous

"er&ormance im"ro$ement"er&ormance im"ro$ement "rocess"rocess 'ntegrated'ntegratedwith other s(stems andwith other s(stems and

usiness strategiesusiness strategies

7/26/2019 T&D.Ch 1

5/25

ProcessProcess

) training "rogram emerge &rom a) training "rogram emerge &rom aTraining ProcessTraining Process

'denti*cation o& "er&ormance im"ro$ement'denti*cation o& "er&ormance im"ro$emento""ortunities and anal(sis o& what causedo""ortunities and anal(sis o& what causedthe o""ortunit( to e+istthe o""ortunit( to e+ist

'denti*cation o& alternati$es and selection'denti*cation o& alternati$es and selection

o& the est "ossile solutiono& the est "ossile solution Design and im"lementation o& the solutionDesign and im"lementation o& the solution E$aluation o& resultsE$aluation o& results

7/26/2019 T&D.Ch 1

6/25

useless traininguseless training

Training o& an( sort cannotTraining o& an( sort cannot

ene*t an organi!ationene*t an organi!ation

nrelated to the needs o& thenrelated to the needs o& the

com"an( and the em"lo(eescom"an( and the em"lo(ees

eing trainedeing trained 'ncremental $alue not o$er cost'ncremental $alue not o$er cost

7/26/2019 T&D.Ch 1

7/25

training attriutestraining attriutes

Training can "ro$ide knowledgeTraining can "ro$ide knowledge

and skills to "er&orm moreand skills to "er&orm more

e#ecti$el(e#ecti$el(

Pre"are to meet the ine$italePre"are to meet the ine$itale

changeschanges

7/26/2019 T&D.Ch 1

8/25

however, training is only anhowever, training is only an

opportunity for learning,opportunity for learning,wwhat is lea ned depends onat is lea ned depends on

many facto s, such as

any facto s, such as

Design and im"lementation o&Design and im"lementation o&trainingtraining

-oti$ation and learning st(le o&-oti$ation and learning st(le o&traineestrainees

earning climate o& the organi!ationearning climate o& the organi!ation

7/26/2019 T&D.Ch 1

9/25

/hanging demogra"hics/hanging demogra"hics

)ging o& "o"ulation)ging o& "o"ulationower irth rateower irth rate

lder workers retire and &ewer (oungerlder workers retire and &ewer (ounger

workers with a""ro"riate knowledge andworkers with a""ro"riate knowledge andskills are a$ailale to take their "lace.skills are a$ailale to take their "lace.

%e$ere shortage o& skilled man"ower in the%e$ere shortage o& skilled man"ower in the

near &uturenear &uture

/om"anies must maintain com"etenc( le$el

Training is a tool &or this task

7/26/2019 T&D.Ch 1

10/25

Kn!$ledge $!rersKn!$ledge $!rers1alue o& the Products %er$ices determined more (1alue o& the Products %er$ices determined more (

knowledge o& the work&orce rather than ( "h(sicalknowledge o& the work&orce rather than ( "h(sicallaourslaours

Wides"read use o& P/s has gi$en rise to a newWides"read use o& P/s has gi$en rise to a newtrend, creating a new econom(3.trend, creating a new econom(3.

e"etiti$e and dangerous 5os ( rooticse"etiti$e and dangerous 5os ( rootics

%igni*cant dro"s in union memershi"6con7icting%igni*cant dro"s in union memershi"6con7ictingstrateg(strateg(

Economic "ressure, consumer demand &or 8ualit(Economic "ressure, consumer demand &or 8ualit(%ta#ed with em"lo(ees who are 9%ta#ed with em"lo(ees who are 9more committed to 8ualit(,more committed to 8ualit(,show good 5udgment,show good 5udgment,

are knowledgeale andare knowledgeale anddemonstrate multi le com etencies.

7/26/2019 T&D.Ch 1

11/25

/once"ts/once"ts

-earning-earning9 "ermanent change in cognition9 "ermanent change in cognition:understanding and thinking; that results &rom:understanding and thinking; that results &rome+"erience and that directl( in7uences eha$iour.e+"erience and that directl( in7uences eha$iour.

-earning !&t!mes . KSA-earning !&t!mes . KSA )ilities 9 general ca"acities related to "er&orming a set)ilities 9 general ca"acities related to "er&orming a set

o& tasks that are de$elo"ed o$er time as a result o&o& tasks that are de$elo"ed o$er time as a result o&heredit( and e+"erienceheredit( and e+"erience %kills 9 general ca"acities to "er&orm a set o& tasks%kills 9 general ca"acities to "er&orm a set o& tasks

de$elo"ed as a result o& training and e+"eriencede$elo"ed as a result o& training and e+"erience %kills as eing "s(chomotor :eha$ioural; in nature,%kills as eing "s(chomotor :eha$ioural; in nature,

while ailities are categori!ed as cogniti$e.while ailities are categori!ed as cogniti$e.

7/26/2019 T&D.Ch 1

12/25

Sill (ased -earning

= /om"ilation

= )utomaticit(

Attit&dinal-earning

= )#ect>?eelings

/!gnitieKn!$ledge

= Declarati$e knowledge

= Procedural knowledge

= %trategic knowledge

-earning

/lassiati!n !" -earning !&t!mes

7/26/2019 T&D.Ch 1

13/25

Kn!$ledge elementsKn!$ledge elements

Declarati$e knowledgeDeclarati$e knowledge The in&ormation we ac8uire and "laceThe in&ormation we ac8uire and "lace

into memor( .into memor( . Person@s store o& &actual in&ormationPerson@s store o& &actual in&ormation

aout a su5ect matter.aout a su5ect matter.

atsats 9 $eri*ale locks o& in&ormation.9 $eri*ale locks o& in&ormation.

7/26/2019 T&D.Ch 1

14/25

7/26/2019 T&D.Ch 1

15/25

7/26/2019 T&D.Ch 1

16/25

/once"ts and meanings9/once"ts and meanings9

%kills%kills

/a"acities needed to "er&orm a set o&/a"acities needed to "er&orm a set o&

tasks that are de$elo"ed as a result o&tasks that are de$elo"ed as a result o&

training and e+"erience. %kills aretraining and e+"erience. %kills arede"endent on knowledge on the sensede"endent on knowledge on the sense

that the "erson must know what3 tothat the "erson must know what3 to

do and when3 to do it. ) skill is ado and when3 to do it. ) skill is a

"ro*cienc( at doing something,"ro*cienc( at doing something,e(ond 5ust knowing aout it.e(ond 5ust knowing aout it.

7/26/2019 T&D.Ch 1

17/25

)ttitude)ttitude

Em"lo(ee elie&s and o"inions thatEm"lo(ee elie&s and o"inions that

su""ort or inhiit eha$ior. Thesu""ort or inhiit eha$ior. The

elie&s and the o"inions the "ersonelie&s and the o"inions the "ersonholds aout o5ects and e$ents :suchholds aout o5ects and e$ents :such

as management, unions,as management, unions,

em"owerment and training; createem"owerment and training; create"ositi$e or negati$e &eelings aout"ositi$e or negati$e &eelings aout

those o5ects and e$entsthose o5ects and e$ents

7/26/2019 T&D.Ch 1

18/25

/om"etenc(/om"etenc(

a road grou"ing o&a road grou"ing o&

knowledge, skills andknowledge, skills and

attitudes that enale aattitudes that enale a

"erson to e success&ul at"erson to e success&ul at

a numer o& similar tasksa numer o& similar tasks

7/26/2019 T&D.Ch 1

19/25

Training and De$elo"mentTraining and De$elo"ment

Training is o&ten descried as &ocusing onTraining is o&ten descried as &ocusing onthe ac8uisition o&

7/26/2019 T&D.Ch 1

20/25

Training and De$elo"mentTraining and De$elo"ment

Training is a set o& acti$ities andTraining is a set o& acti$ities andde$elo"ment is the desired outcomesde$elo"ment is the desired outcomes

o& the acti$itieso& the acti$ities

Training is the s(stematic "rocess o&Training is the s(stematic "rocess o&"ro$iding an o""ortunit( to learn

7/26/2019 T&D.Ch 1

21/25

EducationEducation

T("icall( di#erentiated &romT("icall( di#erentiated &romtraining and de$elo"ment ( thetraining and de$elo"ment ( the

t("es o&

7/26/2019 T&D.Ch 1

22/25

7/26/2019 T&D.Ch 1

23/25

7/26/2019 T&D.Ch 1

24/25

'ncreasing demands to'ncreasing demands todemonstrate results in terms o&demonstrate results in terms o&

''

/hanging demogra"hics,/hanging demogra"hics,%teadil( increasing%teadil( increasingcom"etiti$eness o& thecom"etiti$eness o& the

market"lacemarket"laceAigh demand &or and short su""l(Aigh demand &or and short su""l(o& knowledge workerso& knowledge workers/ustomer demand &or Aigh 8ualit(/ustomer demand &or Aigh 8ualit(

"roducts and ser$ices"roducts and ser$ices

/hallenges

7/26/2019 T&D.Ch 1

25/25

ThanksThanks

for yourfor your

patiencepatience