TCP/IP CIS 454 Dr. Ganesan Monday 6:10-10:00 p.m. Presented by: Rahmat Fazilat Jeff Ho Joseph Kwon...
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Transcript of TCP/IP CIS 454 Dr. Ganesan Monday 6:10-10:00 p.m. Presented by: Rahmat Fazilat Jeff Ho Joseph Kwon...
TCP/IPCIS 454
Dr. GanesanMonday 6:10-10:00 p.m.
Presented by:Rahmat Fazilat
Jeff HoJoseph KwonBic Mohandie
TCP/IP AGENDA
Speaker Introduction to TCP/IP Bic Mohandie
TCP/IP Model Bic Mohandie
TCP/IP Model vs.OSI Model Bic Mohandie
TCP/IP Utilities Joseph Kwon
DNS and WINS Jeff Ho
DHCP RahmatFazilat
Birth of Internet, TCP/IP & Related Items
70 75 80 85 90 95 2000
Apranet 69
Email 72
Ethernet 73
UUCP 76
Usenet 79
Minitel 81
TCP/IP 82
DNS 84WWW 90
NSFNET 86
Mosaic 92
Netscape 94
Java 95
92 94 95 9693First Web Sites
Yahoo
NetMarket
Java
GNN
Iworld
CNN Digicash
MS Net Explorer
Overview of TCP/IP
What is TCP/IP?• TCP/IP is a set of protocols developed to
allow cooperating computers to share resources across a network
• TCP/IP is composed of layers
• Made up of two acronyms:TCP - Transmission Control ProtocolIP - Internet Protocol
Overview of TCP/IP
What is TCP?What is IP?TCP/IP provides:
Connection oriented communications Confirmation of reception - reliable link Ordering of received information Addressing of individual processes with a
machine (TCP ports)
Benefits of TCP/IPTCP/IP:
• Provides an enterprise-widenetwork solution
• Is an open standard
• Provides connectivity to the Internet
• Provides robust WAN connectivity
TCP/IP:
TCP/IP Model
TCP/IP defines a four layer model consisting of:
• Network Access Layer
• Internet Layer
• Host-to-Host Layer
• Application Layer
TCP/IP Model vs. OSI Model Application
Layer
Application/ProcessLayer
PresentationLayer
SessionLayer
Host-to-HostLayer
TransportLayer
InternetLayer
NetworkLayer
Network AccessData Link
Layer
Layer PhysicalLayer
Layer 1
Layer 7
Layer 6
Layer 5
Layer 4
Layer 3
Layer 2
TCP/IP Utilities
File Transfer Utilities
Interactive Utilities
Printing Utilities
Troubleshooting Utilities
File Transfer Utilities
FTP ( File Transfer Protocol) transfer files to and from a computer running
an FPT service.
TFTP (Trivial File Transfer Protocol) connectionless file transfer protocol command line system required a TFTP server on the other host
File Transfer Utilities
RCP (Remote Copy Protocol) copies files between an NT computer and a
remote system running RSHD(Remote Shell Daemon).
Interactive Utilities
Internet Explorer internet browser.
Telnet connect to another system using
terminal emulation.
Printing Utilities
LPR (Line Printer Request) output to the printer. lpr -SServer -PPrinter [-CClass]
[-JJobname] [-O option] filename
LPQ: read the status of a print queue on a remote system.
lpq -SSever -PPrinter [-l]
Troubleshooting Utilities
Ping
Basic troubleshooting utility.
Check a connection between two machines.
Example: ping 38.249.127.100Pinging 38.249.127.100 with 32 bytes of data:
Reply from 38.249.127.100: bytes=32 time<10ms TTL=128
Troubleshooting Utilities
IPCONFIG: check all the appropriate configuration parameters
are set up in the system.
Finger: check users running on theremote system. This is handyif you need to shut down asystem remotely.
Troubleshooting Utilities
TRACERT: traces the connection between a local and atarget machine; does notrequire the target system’sIP address.
NSLookup: name service lookup for a specific computer ornetwork domain.
Domain Name System (DNS) AND
Windows Internet Naming Service (WINS)
Domain Name System (DNS) AND
Windows Internet Naming Service (WINS)
Jeff Ho
Domain Name System (DNS)Domain Name System (DNS)
Principle designer of DNS was Dr. Paul Mockapetris
Set of protocols and services on a TCP/IP network which allow users to utilize hierarchical user-friendly names
Used extensively on the internet and in many private enterprises
Overview of DNSOverview of DNS
A DNS is composed of a distributed database of names which establish a logical tree structure called the domain name space.
Each node/domain in the domain name space is named and can contain subdomains.
The domain name identifies the domain’s position in the logical DNS hierarchy in relation to it’s parent domain by separating each branch of the tree with a period “.”.
DNS Servers and the InternetDNS Servers and the Internet
The root of the DNS database on the Internet is managed by the Internet Network Information Center (http://www.internic.com).
Top-level domains were assigned organizationally and by country.
Two-letter and three-letter abbreviations are used for countries, and various abbreviations are reserved for use by organizations.
DNS DomainDNS Domain
com Commercial (microsoft.com)
edu Educational (mit.edu)
gov Government (whitehouse.gov)
int International (nato.int)
mil Military operations (army.mil)
net Networking organizations (nsf.net)
org Noncommercial organizations (fidonet.org)
Windows Internet Naming Service (WINS)
Windows Internet Naming Service (WINS)
Part of the Microsoft Windows NT Server
Manages the association of workstation names and locations with Internet Protocol addresses (IP addresses)
Overview of WINSOverview of WINS
Automatically creates a computer name-IP address mapping entry in a table.
Automatically updates changes in the subnet in the WINS table.
Complements the NT Server’s DHCP, which negotiates an IP address for any computer when it is first defined on the network.
Difference with DNS and WINSDifference with DNS and WINS
DNS information for a particular domain is configured through static configuration files. WINS information database is built dynamically without human intervention.
WINS and DNS are used to resolve different types of services. DNS is used to resolve service types like HTTP. WINS name resolution is used to resolve names of NETBIOS services.
DYNAMIC HOST DYNAMIC HOST CONFIGURATION PROTOCOL CONFIGURATION PROTOCOL
(DHCP)(DHCP)
IN WINDOWS NT IN WINDOWS NT ENVIRONMENTENVIRONMENT
Rahmat FazilatRahmat Fazilat
DYNAMIC HOST CONFIGURATION DYNAMIC HOST CONFIGURATION PROTOCOLPROTOCOL
DHCP overview How DHCP works IP management Management of DHCP data Advantages
DHCP OVERVIEWDHCP OVERVIEW Dynamic host configuration protocol, centralizes network
configuration and automates address assignment, often on a leased basis.
DHCP is a way for network computers to get their TCP/IP setting at boot time from a central server
Enterprises with over 75 TCP/IP users will reap the benefits of DHCP server
With DHCP, you need to hard code only one IP address
A NETWORK OFFERING DHCP A NETWORK OFFERING DHCP SUPPORTSUPPORT
ROUTER WITH BOOTHP
DHCP CLIENT DHCP CLIENT
DHCP CLIENTDHCP
SERVER
NETWORK 128.0.0.0128.0.0.1
NETWORK 129.0.0.0
129.0.0.1
129.0.0.2
HOW DHCP WORKSHOW DHCP WORKSDHCP requires the use of a client and a server
DHCP clients sends out a broadcast “DHCP discover”
The DHCP server determines if they can provide
configuration information for the client
The client selects one of the addresses and sends a request to
use that address to the DHCP server
The DHCP server acknowledges the request and grants the
client a lease to use the address “DHCP offer”
The client uses the address to bind itself to the network
HOW DHCP WORKSHOW DHCP WORKS
DHCP server reserves an IP address for specific duration
Lease renewal request are sent automatically
Defining short lease times assist networks that have
limited quantity of IP addresses
If the DHCP client is turned off for the day, the DHCP
server reclaims the IP address and puts it back in the IP
pool
DHCP ADVANTAGESDHCP ADVANTAGES
Eliminates TCP/IP configuration error IP management solution will save more then 80% in the
form of labor and maintenance costs Centralized configuration management Supports remote and mobile computers easily Ease of administrative burden of moving machines Increase efficiency of all network services Improves flexibility