Taxonomy Reflects Evolutionary History Section 15.4.
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Transcript of Taxonomy Reflects Evolutionary History Section 15.4.
Taxonomy Reflects Evolutionary
History
Section 15.4
Classification/Taxonomy
Classification the grouping of objects for practical purposes.
Ex: Taxonomy the identification,
naming and classification of species. The science of classification of organisms
Aristotle(384-322 BC) One of the earliest taxonomists Living things two groups Plants &
Animals Plants herbs, shrubs, and trees Animals live on land , water and air**artificial system didn’t work, birds live
on land, water & air **Listed 500 species, today at least 5
million of which only 1.5 have been named
Carolus Linnaeus(1707-1778)
Developed a method still used today Selected characteristics that led to more
natural groupings of species Identified species by two names genus &
species Binomial nomenclature The system also groups organisms into
different categories starting from the smallest- species to the largest-kingdom
Classification Categories
Kingdom broadest Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species most specific
Classification-Dichotomous Key
Series of paired statements that describe the presence or absence of certain characteristics
Animals No wings(4)
Wings(1-3)
1 2 3 4
Feathers (1,2)
No Feathers (3)Black & white(1)
Pink (2)
(1-4)
Phylogenetic Tree
A diagram that reflects the evolutionary relationship between species
Each branch point represents a common ancestor.
Phylogenetic Tree
Clade/ Cladistics Clade Each
evolutionary branch in a phylogenetic tree.
Cladisticsthe method used to determine the sequence of branching in a phylogenetic tree
Cladograms A phylogenetic diagram that
specifies the derived characters of clades
Comparing Classification Schemes
Linnaeus two kingdom system, system prevailed for 200 yrs
Whittaker(1969) Five Kingdom system
Three Domains
Reevaluation of the five-kingdom system three domain system
2 Domains of Prokaryotes Bacteria, Archaea1 Domain of Eukaryotes Eukarya