TAXONOMY

TaxonomyTaxonomy.is a branch of science that deals

with the classifications of living things

Carolus Linnaeus Carolus Linnaeus 17531753

Father of Taxonomy

Three Interrelated Parts of Three Interrelated Parts of TaxonomyTaxonomy

• ClassificationArrangement into groups

• NomenclatureAssignment of Names

• IdentificationDetermining Identity

Five Kingdom SystemFive Kingdom System

• Animalia• Plantae• Fungi• Protista• Procaryote/Monera

MoneraMonera(Bacteria)(Bacteria)

FungiFungi

1. Absorptive Chemoheterotrophs

2. Decomposers

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ProtistaProtista1. Unicellular

2. Autotrophic or Heterotrophic

Examples:

Amoeba

Paramecium,

Euglena

AnimaliaAnimalia1. Multicellular

2. Heterotrophs

The 5 Classes of Vertebrates

Reptiles

• They breathe with lungs.• They are cold-blooded.• Their bodies are covered with dry scales.• They lay eggs.• Black snakes, Bearded dragons, Turtles,

Crocodiles, and Alligators are reptiles.

Reptiles

• Geckos and Skinks are unusual reptiles.• Frogs and Toads are non examples.

Amphibians

• They breathe with lungs and gills.• They are cold blooded.• Their skin is smooth and moist.• Their birth of young is eggs.• The examples are frogs, salamanders, newt,

and mud puppies.

Amphibians

• African clawed frog is a unusual example.• The lizard is a non-example.

Fish

• They breathe with gills.• They are cold blooded.• Their skin is covered with scales and bony

plates.• They lay eggs and have live births.• An example of a fish is a gold fish and

sharks.

Fish

• A unusual example would be a sea horse and an eel.

• A non-example would be a dolphin, whale and starfish.

Mammals

• Mammals breathe with lungs.• They are warm blooded.• They have hair/fur.• Most give birth to live young.• Some examples are bears, lions, tigers, and

people.• Some unusual examples bats, whales, and

dolphins

Mammals

• Non-examples are sharks and penguins.

Birds

• Birds breathe with lungs.• They are warm-blooded.• They are covered with feathers.• They give birth to eggs.• Examples of birds would be a red bird,

hawk, and chicken.• Some unusual birds are the ostrich,

flamingo, and penguin.

Birds

• Some non-examples are the bat and the dragonfly.

InvertebratesInvertebrates8 Phyla of Invertebrates8 Phyla of Invertebrates

Phylum Porifera (sponges)• asymmetrical• Body has canal and pores• sessile (attached to object, cannot

move)

Phylum Coelenterata (stinging cell)• Stinging cells and hollow bodies• tentacles that surround a mouthExamples: • Jellyfish• sea anemone• coral• hydras

Phylum Echinodermata (spiny skin)

• 5 part body• spines• Tube Feet (with Suctions)• Examples• Sea star or starfishSea urchins, sand dollars

Phylum Platyhelminthes (Flatworm)• flattened body• One body opening• Many are parasites, some are Free-

Living• Can regenerateExamples:• Planaria, Tapeworm

Phylum Nemathelminthes (Nematoda/roundworm)

• Round bodies with pointed ends• Males & females are separateExamples:• Hookwork• Ascaris

Phylum Annelida (segmented worm)• Body divided into segments (with setae) • Most are hermaphrodites & free living• Examples Earthworms Ragworms Leeches

Phylum Mollusca (soft-bodied)• Soft body usually protected by a shell• Body covered by mantle• Have muscular foot• Most have separate sexes• Examples:snails, slugs, octopus, cuttlefish, chitons, tusk shells, oysters, clams, and squids

Phylum Arthropoda (joint-legged)• Jointed appendages• Segmented bodies• Exoskeleton that sheds by molting• Head, thorax, abdomen are main parts• Some separate sexes, hermaphrodites,

parthenogenesis• Examples:• scorpion, caterpillar, • shrimp, lobster, crabs, insects

PlantaePlantae

1. Multicellular

2. Photoautotrophs

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Classifying Plants

Plants• Plants do not have fur, scales, or blood, so

how are they classified?Like animals, plants are divided into two

main groups. Then these two groups are divided into smaller groups.

The ways that plants get their food and the ways that they create new plants will help you classify them.

Who studies plants?

A botanist is a scientist who specializes in the study of plants. They classify plants based on their characteristics (vascular

and nonvascular).You could call them “Plant Explorers.”

How are they classified?

• One way that plants can be classified is by how they carry water. Plants can either be Vascular or Nonvascular.

• Vascular means “having tubes”

• Nonvascular mean “not having tubes”

Vascular Plant Plants that have tubes, roots, stems, and leaves.

These plants stand up tall.

Why are these trees vascular?

They have tubes, roots, stems, and leaves. They also stand up tall.

More Vascular Plants

Plants that do not have tubes, roots, stems, or leaves. These plants soak up water and food from the soil, like sponges. They are also much smaller than vascular plants.

Nonvascular Plant

Vascular or Non-Vascular?

Vascular or Non-Vascular?

Vascular or Non-Vascular?

Vascular or Non-Vascular?

Vascular or Non-Vascular?