Taxonomies, Thesauri & Facets - Practical Examples
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Taxonomies, Thesauri & Facets
A Quick Guide to Organizing & Referencing Content
What is a Thesaurus/Taxonomy?
• These are controlled vocabularies designed to
get your user to the content they seek.• For example, suppose you have a website on
house pets and someone searches for “kittens” – the preferred term would be “cat.”
Your Heading would
Read: Cat (PT)kitten (UF)
1. Broader terms are listed for “Library Science”
2. Related Terms are NOT synonyms but “related topics”
3. Library Science is the Preferred Term. UF librarianship
Let’s click on “Librarians” and see what we get.
Again, you can see a multitude of examples for BT, RT and UF.
Let’s look at a directory example
MyFlorida.com
Primary Headings (LT) or (PT)
Related Terms (RT)
• Goose Island 312 in a 12 oz. bottle, filtered, Wheat Beer, Made in America
• Goose Island Summertime in a 12 oz. bottle, filtered, Kolsch Beer, Made in America
• Budweiser in a 12 oz. can filtered, lager beer, Made in America• Landshark in a 12 oz. bottle, filtered, lager, Made in America• Coors Light in a 16 oz. can filtered, light Beer Made in America• Blue Moon in a 12 oz. bottle, unfiltered, Witbier Made in America• Corona in an 8 oz. bottle, filtered, Pale Lager Made in Mexico• Hacker- ‐Pshorr in a 500 ml bottle, unfiltered, Hefeweizen Made in
Germany• Paulaner in a 500 ml bottle, unfiltered, Hefeweizen Made in
Germany• Hoegaarden in a 12 oz bottle unfiltered, Witbier Made in
Belgium
Let’s consider a list:
• The first step is to figure out what your primary categories are & think like a seeker
• How we group these items?• How would you arrange them in a physical
space?• If you had a beer website, what would the
navigation look like?
Where to start
• Here are a few ideas:Brewery / ManufacturerFiltering Methods or PreparaUon Methods Types of BeerCountry of Origin (American beer vs. German)
A Starting Place
• Beer, wine, liquor or other type of alcohol beverages? • Beer becomes primary heading
• What if the system is about more than just a list of beers or alcoholic beverages?• Beverage might now be a primary
heading
Scope: What is encompassed in the categorical schema?
Beer, TypeAle Kolsch Lager
Pale LagerLambic Light Beer Pale Ale Pilsner Port Stout Wheat
Hefeweizen Witbier
Brewing MethodsFiltration
Cold Filtering Pasteurized
UF FilteredUnfiltered
BreweriesAnheuser- ‐Busch
LandsharkBudweiser
BudweiserCoorsBlue Moon
Goose Island3
12SummerUm
e Grupo ModeloCorona
Hacker- ‐Pschorr Hoegaarden Brewery Paulaner
Country of OriginA
merica Belgium Germany Mexico
Looks a lot like an index. The only thing we are missing is our notations.
Beer, Type (LT)Ale (NT)Kolsch (NT) Lager (NT)
Pale Lager (NT)
Lambic (NT)
Light Beer (NT)
Pale Ale(NT)
Pilsner (NT)
Port (NT) Stout
(NT) Wheat
(NT)Hefeweiz
en (NT) Witbier (NT)
Brewing Methods (LT)
FiltraUon (NT)
Cold Filtering (NT) Pasteurized (NT)
UF Filtered Unfiltered (NT)
Breweries (LT)UF Brewing Companies
Anheuser- ‐Busch (NT)Landshark (NT)
Budweiser (NT)Bud
weiser (NT)Coors (NT)Blue Moon (NT)
Goose Island (NT)312
(NT)SummerUme
(NT)Grupo Modelo
(NT)Corona (NT)
Hacker- ‐Pschorr (NT) Hoegaarden Brewery (NT)
Paulaner (NT)Country of Origin (LT)
America (NT)U
F US UF USAUF United States
Belgium (NT)Ge
rmany (NT) Mexico (NT)
• You can see we have added a few UF headings
• Most of the other heading are simply NT or LT
• Now, what about our RTs?• Well, this is where you have to use
your imagination• What else could be related to any of our
primary or secondary headings in regards to beer?
Polishing it up
Related Terms• Beer, Type Lambic Monastic Brewing RT, Beer
Ingredients, Fruit RT• Brewing Methods Home Brewing RT
• Goose Island Brewpubs, America RT, Craft Beer, RT
• Anheuser- ‐Busch Beer History, America RT
• Grupo Modelo Beer Industry, Mexico RT
• This list could go on and on and it is limited by
your imagination in this case
• Content will drive your taxonomy – to include RTs• You can see the headings are not much
different from the index of a book• RTs are like Amazon’s suggestions in many
ways “If you liked this, you might also like…”
Related Terms cont.
UFs
• The UF headings in the thesaurus are designed to “map terms”
• That is a fancy way of saying we ensure only a single term is used – the correct one – to locate an item
• America is a good example UF USA• This same principle is employed in
Google’s spell correction feature
• UFs are often derived from common misspellings, words that are different but have the same meaning (US or USA)
• Search logs analysis• If this is confusing to you, go back and read
“The Accidental Thesaurus” by Wiggins
Where do UFs come from
Taxonomy or Thesaurus?
Taxonomy – structure is around hierarchy
What about facets?• Could go with list as it is or expand it.• Quite easy to see how the beer list could expand:
o Container: Bottle, Can, Keg, Mini Kego Country of Origin: Germany, USA, Great Britain, etc.o Type: Wheat, Ale, Lager, Pale Ale, IPA, Stout, Porter, etc.o Brewery: Anheuser-Busch, Coors Brewing, etc.
Enumerative Facets
1. Bottle2. Can3. Mini
Keg4. Keg
1. Ale2. IPA3. Lager4. Pale
Ale5. Wheat
1. Bass2. Beck’s3. Coors
Brewing4. Goose
Island5. Revolutio
n Brewing
A. BelgiumB. FranceC. GermanyD. Great
BritainE. USA
Country of Origin Brewing Co. Type Container
Enumerative Facets
1. Bottle2. Can3. Mini
Keg4. Keg
1. Ale2. IPA3. Lager4. Pale
Ale5. Wheat
1. Bass2. Beck’s3. Coors
Brewing4. Goose
Island5. Revolution
Brewing
A. BelgiumB. FranceC. GermanyD. Great
BritainE. USA
Order of Organization: Country / Brewery / Type / Container
Country of Origin Brewing Co. Type Container
Enumerative Facets
1. Bottle2. Can3. Mini
Keg4. Keg
1. Ale2. IPA3. Lager4. Pale
Ale5. Wheat
1. Bass2. Beck’s3. Coors
Brewing4. Goose
Island5. Revolutio
n Brewing
A. BelgiumB. FranceC. GermanyD. Great
BritainE. USA
Order of Organization: Country / Brewery / Type / Container
Country of Origin Brewing Co. Type Container
E332 = USA, Coors Brewing Co., Lager in Can = Coors Banquet
E451 = USA, Goose Island Brewery, Wheat in Bottle = 312
Wrapping it up• Practical examples give us insight to systems of
organization• All about breaking down the pieces for easier
assimilation• Systems are often hybrid in nature• Taxonomy, facet or thesaurus – what is the goal• Get the seeker to what is sought as quickly as
possible