Cyntia Persaud

Tatiana Zheludkova

Waldy Lopez Hernandez

Diana Seclen

Lobby

Office

Gym

Spa

Auditorium

Exhibit

Restaurant/Café

Classrooms

Plazas

C.P

The lobby area, lounge, waiting room, or other public

seating space within your building is often the first

environment that greets patrons.

Should include entries to halls and security screening

areas

Design the space to accommodate for heavy traffic

loads

Equipment and furniture for lobbies should be of low

profile to minimize bulk

Use durable finishes to accommodate for maximum

pedestrian traffic

Furniture should include but are not limited to: lounge

chairs and sofas, small coffee tables, reception desk

Lobbies being used for 24 hours need a dedicated HVAC

system

C.P http://www.wbdg.org/design/lobby.php

An office is generally a room or other area where

administrative work is done, but may also denote a

position within an organization with specific duties

attached to it

Office space types include: meeting spaces within the

office environment, reception, office support spaces such

as work rooms, storage rooms, file rooms, mail rooms,

copier areas, service units/coffee bar, and coat storage

integrated into the office environment

office space type should be designed with increased fresh

air ventilation, the specification of non-toxic and low-

polluting materials and indoor air quality monitoring.

Non-quantifiable benefits such as access to windows and

view, and opportunities for interaction should also be

taken into account.

The floors should be raised for electrical and HVAC

needs

Workstations should be mobile to accommodate the

changing environment

C.P http://www.wbdg.org/design/office.php

A spa is an establishment that offers both health

and beauty treatments through the means of steam

baths, exercise equipment and massage rooms.

People go to spas to relax, the spaces should be

closed and away from traffic or noisy areas

A gym is a room or building specifically designed

for gymnastics, games, and other physical activity.

The space for a gym should be divided into four

main groups: warm-up/cool down, free weight,

circuit training, and cardiovascular.

A minimum height of 12’ is generally required.

Should include cushioned training surfaces,

mirror walls, or impact-resistant walls.

Structure should be of steel

Acoustics- Sound baffles should be used to

reduce the noise impact generated by other

physical activities within the facility C.P

http://www.wbdg.org/design/auditorium.php

The Auditorium space types are areas for large

meetings, presentations, and performances. Auditorium

space type facilities may include assembly halls, exhibit

halls, auditoriums, and theaters.

Have long spans and are multiple stories high

Floors should be sloped

Angled ceiling allows sounds waves to bounce further

Bottom and intermediate levels should be directly

accessible (ADA reasons)

Fixed seating with tilted seats and backs to provide

passage

Seat numbering should be compliant to ADA and should

include removable seats

Walls should have vinyl coverings and fabric covered

acoustical wall panels

HVAC systems are sized and zoned to accommodate

varying loads

HVAC supply systems are located through floor air

vents, return systems are in the ceiling

C.P http://www.wbdg.org/design/auditorium.php

A large space for gatherings, meetings,

presentations

Can have columns but are not mandatory

Entrances into supporting spaces should

have doors going into connected service

areas

The exhibit hall should be divisible into

four or five roughly equal sections

using operable walls.

The overhead structure should be

designed to allow for lighting trusses,

projection screens, banners or other

convention

C.P http://blog.cleveland.com/metro/2009/04/functions.pdf

Within the restaurant there are

additional spaces that are needed

such as:

› Entrance Lobby

› Queue

› Serving area

› Cashier Station

› Dining area

› Storage

C.P http://www.wbdg.org/design/dining_facilities.php

Classroom spaces are used for formal

meetings, training, education and

teleconference activities

This space requires flexibility, durable

finishes to accommodate for maximum use

and integrated utility lines

Furniture should be light and easy to

rearrange

Classroom spaces are generally finished

with durable materials and surfaces should

meet functionality (marker boards, proj.

screen)

Lighting should be dimmable for

presentation purposes

C.P http://www.wbdg.org/design/conference.php

Public plazas are a community amenity

that serves a variety of users

including building tenants, visitors,

and members of the public

Strongly linked to lobby spaces

Should cater to a diverse set of

activities

Seating, Tables, shade, bollards,

bicycle racks, cigarette urns, trash

cans should be provided

Water may be used as an acoustic

element

C.P http://www.wbdg.org/design/plaza.php

Proper lighting is an important element of any

teaching space. Lighting needs are dependent on

factors such as room size and shape, whiteboard

size, ceiling height, and windows.

The design and implementation of lighting for

buildings has many elements that must be

coordinated in order to achieve quality lighting

for the occupants and their intended use of the

space

Mandatory Interior Lighting requirements

- Required Controls

- Wattage/Efficiency Limits

T.Z

Building Area Method

Floor area for each building area type x value

for the

area

“area” defined as all contiguous spaces that

accommodate or are associated with a single

building area type as per the table

When used for an entire building, each building

area type to be treated as a separate area

Space-by-Space Method

Floor area of each space x value for the area

Then sum the allowances for all the spaces

Tradeoffs among spaces are allowed

T.Z

Building Area Type

LPD (w/ft2)

Courthouse

1.2

Dining: bar lounge/leisure

1.3

Dining: cafeteria/fast food

1.4

Gymnasium

1.1

Building Area Method

Space-by-Space Method Building Area Type

LPD (w/ft2)

For auditorium

0.9

Classroom/lecture/training

1.3

Conference/meeting/multipurpo

se

1.2

Corridor/transition

0.7

Bar/lounge/leisure dining

1.4

T.Z

The LPD calculation basis is a restructuring of the lumen method

that provides the energy needed to provide the required light

levels and quality design elements in a space according to the

following basic formula:

In which:

LPD = lighting power density in watts per square foot

fc_1, fc_2, fc_3 = the illuminance in foot-candles or lumens per

square foot that is assigned to be provided by each

of up to three luminaires in the space. These are currently

calculated as percent foot-candles (for each luminaire) times the

total average weighted foot-candles for the space.

TF_1, TF_2, + TF_3 = the overall light output effectiveness of

the light source that is based on light source luminous efficacy

(LE), fixture coefficient of utilization (CU), and light loss factors

(LLF) [lamp lumen depreciation (LLD), luminaire dirt depreciation

(LDD), room surface dirt depreciation (RSDD)] as follows:

TF = LE x CU x LLD x LDD x RSDD.

T.Z

Architectural Lighting

(lighting for the audience

and room)

Theatrical Lighting

(lighting for the performers

and the stage)

Aisle Lighting Step Lighting

T.Z

Architectural

Lighting

Fluorescent Bulbs

- Different color

temperatures

- Color rendition scale

50/100-90/100

- Dimmable

- Cheaper to operate

- Expensive to install

- Last up to 35.000 hours

- Emits less heat

- Distributes light evenly

Incandescent Bulbs

- Color rendition

scale

98/100

- Uses more energy

- Cheaper cost

- Lasts up to 2.000

hours

- Emits more heat

T.Z

Architectural

Lighting

- Setting lights into

different zones in the

auditorium

(balcony, stage, mezzanine, etc)

- Effect of scaling the

room down

- Allow multiple control

locations from any

entrance of the room

T.Z

Theatrical

Lighting

Fresnel or

Beam Light

Follow Spot

Lights

Flood Lights

T.Z

High performance classrooms are healthy,

energy-efficient environments where teachers

can teach effectively and students can develop

to their fullest potential

T.Z

1. Indirect/Direct Luminaries

Two rows of two-scene

indirect/direct luminaires are

mounted perpendicular to the main

teaching wall.

2. Whiteboard Luminaire

A dedicated luminaries

illuminates the whiteboard on the

main teaching wall

3. Teacher Control Center (TCC)

The TCC is placed at the front of

the classroom within 6 inches of

the whiteboard for easy teacher

access.

4. Sensors

Sensors are placed in the

center of the classroom and

always include occupancy.

Daylight harvesting is added

where appropriate

5. Master On/Off Switch

A master on/off switch is by

every door to the classroom.

(Not Shown) T.Z

Gym lighting requires a light that gives off a large amount

of light and requires very little maintenance.

T.Z

Consider the importance of both horizontal and vertical

luminance in these fast-paced settings and choose fixtures

to maintain high visibility of moving objects.

Durable acrylic,

protects luminaire

while providing

excellent

illumination.

Superwatt luminaire

is designed to

provide illumination

on vertical as well

as horizontal

surfaces.

Durable injection-

molded acrylic

prismatic optic

generates wide,

uniform light

distribution with

minimal glare and

surface shadows.

Designed for low to

medium mounting

heights.

Ultra-Efficient

Fluorescent High

Bay. Product

design

accommodates

quick and simple

hanging systems.

T.Z

Lighting has become an essential part of spa design. Long

gone have the simple corner lights in the sauna. Lighting

accentuates and adds mood.

T.Z

Bullet

Lights

Cluster Main

Lights

Ultra Bright

Lights

Skirt &

Perimeter

Accent Lights

LED spa

jets T.Z

Under Skylights

The area under skylights whose horizontal

dimension, in each direction, is equal to the

skylight dimension plus the smaller of:

- The floor-to-ceiling height, or

- The distance to a ceiling height opaque

partition, or

- One-half the distance to adjacent skylights

or vertical fenestration (whichever is least)

T.Z

Adjacent to Vertical Fenestration

The daylight zone depth is assumed to be 15 feet into the

space or to the nearest ceiling height opaque partition,

whichever is less

The daylight zone width is assumed to be:

- the width of the window plus 2 feet on each side, or

- the window width plus distance to opaque partitions, or

- the window width plus one-half the distance to adjacent

skylight or vertical fenestration, whichever is least.

Two feet on each side

of a window extending

15 feet into the room

or to a wall

whichever is less

T.Z

Daylight Sensors

T.Z

Occupancy sensors are required in the following

spaces:

Classrooms

Conference rooms

Conference/meeting rooms

Employee lunch and break rooms

Private offices

Storage rooms and janitorial closets

Other spaces < 300 ft2 enclosed by floor-to-ceiling

height partitions

Features:

Automatically turn lights off within 30 minutes of

occupants leaving space

Either manual or controlled to automatically turn

lighting on to not more than 50% power

Exemptions:

Full auto-on controls allowed in

Public corridors

Stairways

Restrooms

Primary building entrance areas and lobbies

Areas with safety or security concern

T.Z

Independent Lighting Control required for

each space surrounded by floor-to-ceiling

partitions

- Must be located in the space served, - OR –

- Switched from a remote location

Musthaveindicatorthatidentifies

the lights served and their status (off or on)

Exemptions

Security or emergency areas

that must be continuously

lighted

Lighting in stairways or

corridors that are elements

of the means of egress.

Internally illuminated exit

signs shall not exceed 5

watts per side

T.Z

Structures or portions of structures are classified

with respect to occupancy group. A room or space that

is intended to be occupied at different times for

different purposes need to comply with all of the

requirements that are applicable to each of the

purposes for which the room or space will be occupied.

1) Assembly: Groups A-I, A-2, A-3, A-4 and A-5

2)Business: Group B

3)Educational: Group E

4)Factory and Industrial: Groups F-1 and F-2

5)High Hazard: Groups H-1, H-2, H-3, H-4 and H-5

6)Institutional: Groups I-I, I-2, I-3 and I-4

7)Mercantile: Group M

8)Residential: Groups R-1, R-2, R-3 and R-4

9)Storage: Groups S-1 and S-2

10)Utility and Miscellaneous: Group U

W.L.H

1) Assembly.

A-1: This group is usually fixed with seating, intended for the

production and viewing of the performing arts or motion

pictures including:

• Theaters

• Concert halls

• Television and radio studios (with audience)

A-2: This group is intended for food and/or drink

consumption including:

• Cafeterias

• Night clubs

• Restaurants

• Bars

A-3: Group intended for worship, recreation or amusement:

• Houses of worship

• Gymnasiums

• Museums

W.L.H

A-4: group intended for viewing of indoor sporting events and

activities with spectator seating:

• Arenas

• Swimming pools

• Tennis courts

A-5: intended for participation in or viewing outdoor

activities:

• Amusement park structures

2) Business.

Group B: Includes, among others, the use of a building or

structure, for office, professional, service-type transactions,

or for conducting public or civic services:

• Banks

• Care centers

• Educational occupancies (above the 12th

grade)

• Offices

• Libraries

W.L.H

3) Educational.

Group E: group for educational purposes offered to children

through the 12th grade:

• Academies

• Daycare facilities

• Schools

4) Factory and industrial.

Group F-1: the use of a building or structure, for assembling,

fabricating, manufacturing, packaging, repair or processing

operations for:

• Automobiles and other motor vehicles

(manufacturing/repair)

• Clothing

• Furniture

• Metal, plastic or paper products

• Detergents

• Textiles

• Musical instruments

W.L.H

Group F-2 (Low-Hazard Occupancy): Factory industrial uses

that involve the cleaning, laundering, fabrication or

manufacturing of noncombustible materials that do not involve

a significant fire hazard like:

• Appliances

• Automobile laundries and wrecking establishments

• Brick and masonry

• Ceramic products

• Electronics

5) High Hazard.

Group H: involves the manufacturing, processing, generation

or storage of materials that constitute a physical or health

hazard in quantities in excess like:

• Aerosol products

• Combustibles

• Corrosive materials

• Fireworks

W.L.H

W.L.H

6) Institutional.

Group I-1: occupancy group that includes people who because of

age, mental disability or other reasons, live in a supervised

residential environment that provides personal care services:

• Alcohol and drug abuse rehabilitation centers

• Congregate care facilities

• Residential care facilities

Group I-2: occupancy group for medical, surgical, psychiatric,

nursing or personal care on a 24-hour basis or overnight:

• Hospitals

• Nursing homes

• Mental hospitals where patients are not under restraint

Group I-3: Includes persons who are under restraint or security:

• Prisons

• Jails

• Reformatories

• Detention centers

7) Mercantile.

Group M: this occupancy group includes, buildings and

structures for the display and sale of merchandise, and involves

stocks of goods, wares or merchandise incidental to such

purposes and accessible to the public:

• Department stores

• Drug stores

• Markets

• Motor fuel-dispensing facilities

• Retail or wholesale stores

8) Residential.

Group R-1: Residential buildings or spaces occupied, as a rule,

for a period less than one month:

• Hotels

• Motels

• Club houses

Group R-2: for permanent residence purposes:

• Adult homes

• Apartment houses

Group R-3: shelter and sleeping accommodations on a long-term

basis:

• Convents and monasteries

• Group homes

9) Storage.

Group S: this occupancy group includes buildings or a portion

thereof for storage:

• Warehouses

• Storage rooms

• Freight depots

• Distribution centers

10) Utility and Miscellaneous.

Group U: buildings and structures of an accessory character

and miscellaneous structures:

• Carports

• Fences more than 6 feet

• Private garages

• Retaining walls

Plans

Program:

Health club

Occupancy group: A-3

Note: most of the program in this

building fit into the category of the

group A-3, however the building has

a variety of rooms and spaces that

might belong to other categories.

When evaluating building materials for

fire safety, many factors including :

-ignition temperature

-smoke toxicity

-flame-spread

Flame-spread, used to describe the

surface burning characteristics of

building materials, is one of the most

tested fire performance properties of a

material.

D.S.

803.1 General. Interior wall and

ceiling finishes shall be classified in

accordance with ASTM E 84. Such

interior finish materials shall be

grouped in the following classes in

accordance with their flame spread

index.

Class A: Flame spread 0-25.

Class B: Flame spread 26-75.

Class C: Flame spread 76-200.

Exception: Materials, other than

textiles, tested in accordance with

Section 803.2

D.S.

Chapter 8-Building Code NYC

D.S.

Example:

Assembly occupancy A-1

With sprinklers

In a vertical exit area

Materials to be used should

be class B

D.S.

Weight rooms

are specialized training areas

that must have an especially

durable surface capable of

supporting the heavy impact of

weight-training and cardio

equipment.

Ultra-thick recycled rubber

tiles are an ideal choice for

weight rooms. The rubber not

only provides good shock

absorption, but if an area is

damaged or wears out,

individual tiles can be

replaced without the expense

of the whole floor.

D.S.

Requirements:

• A water-resistant

surface for

floors, walls,

and ceiling.

• Non-slip flooring

surface.

D.S.

Example 1:Standard acoustic

panels hung from walls or

from the ceiling of the room

D.S.

Example 2:

Helmholtz and wooden

resonant panels

Gives large acoustic absorption

at low frequencies and reduces

at high frequencies to

compensate for typical

absorption by people, lateral

surfaces and ceiling.

D.S.

“program of a room shouldn’t affect the room

numbering system, it is used more for material

purposes and location, it would make things

more complicated if it were to be done that

way”

“room numbering doesn’t have to include a

letter if it’s a single building, the letters

help to identify the building if the facility

includes more than one building. Letters are

used when there are multiple doors to a

room”

“sometimes room numbers don’t line up (evens

and odds aren’t always across from each

other, numbers aren’t always in order)”

Courtesy of: Professor Gernert and Professor Parks