(TASK 2) Describe the Different Classification of Joints (P2)

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Toby Campbell - 12MJL

Describe the Different Classification of Joints

The human body has many bones that work in different ways that are there to allow

certain functions. A joint is where two or more bones come together. The joints hold the

bones together and allow for movement of the skeleton.

There are three main types of joint in the human body, these are Fibrous joints

(immoveable), Cartilaginous joints (partially moveable) and Synovial joints (freely

moveable). I shall now explain each of these in a lot more detail using examples andproviding extra bits of information regarding each one.

Fibrous Joints

Also known as µfixed¶ joints, these allow the least range of movement in the human body

compared to the other two. This type of joint is held together by only a ligament and has

a very strong connection. There is absolutely no movement at these types of joints; this

is because movement isn¶t desired at this point. One good example of a Fibrous joint is

the bones in between the cranium. When a baby is born, the cranium is divided into two

parts; this is because the Fibrous joint hasn¶t fused together yet to form the protective

layer of the cranium. This is why new born baby¶s heads are soft and must be handled

with care due to this lack of protection. If there was movement there in later life, the

brain protected by the cranium would be exposed and it would be open for damage, this

would cause a lot of problems such as brain damage.




³Fibrous joints are also termed non-synovial joints as they have no joint cavity,

connective tissue or cartilage uniting the structure. They do however hold joints together

with fibrous articulations´, (www.flexible-text.co.uk).

Another example of a Fibrous joint would be the teeth.

Cartilaginous Joints

³These joints occur where the connection between the articulating bones is made up of

cartilage for example between vertebrae in the spine.´ (www.teachpe.com).

Cartilaginous joints are connected by cartilage. Cartilaginous joints allow more

movement between bones than a fibrous joint but less than the

highly mobile synovial joint. One example would be vertebrae in the

vertebral column.




Synovial Joints

Also known as µFreely movable¶ joints, these are by far the most common classification

of joint within the human body. They are highly moveable and all have a synovial

capsule surrounding the entire joint, a synovial membrane (the inner layer of the

capsule) which secretes synovial fluid (a lubricating liquid) and cartilage which pads the

ends of the articulating bones. I will now identify and explain the main components of a

joint capsule.

Cartilage

This is flexible connective tissue that acts as a cushion inside the joints to that stops the

bones rubbing against each other. Cartilage also acts as a shock absorber and helps

avoid joint pain.

Synovial Fluid

This is a viscous fluid found in the cavities of the capsule. It has a ³glue-like´

consistency and its primary role is to reduce friction between the cartilage of synovial

joints during movement.

Ligament

This is simply what connects bone to bone, this has to be present at any type of joint.




Synovial Membrane

This is soft tissue that lines the ³non-cartilaginous´ surfaces within joints. It¶s primary

role is to reduce friction within the joint.

Synovial Bursa

This is a small sac filled with fluid. It provides a cushion between bones, tendons and

muscles around a joint. This helps to reduce friction between bones and allows

movement.

The Different Synovial Joints within the Human Body

Ball and Socket Joint

y Found in the Shoulder and Hip

y Allows Flexion, Extension, Abduction, Adduction, Rotation, Circumduction

y Allows the most movement out of all the joints in the body




Saddle Joint

y

Found in the metacarpals of the thumby Allows flexion, extension, adduction, abduction and circumduction

Pivot Joint

y Found in the radioulnar joint

y Allows only rotation




Hinge Joint

y

Found in the elbow and kneey Allows flexion and extension

Condyloid Joint

y Found in the wrist

y Allows flexion, extension, adduction, abduction and circumduction




Gliding Joint

y Found in the carpals, metacarpals and phalanges

y Allows Gliding movement

Different Body Parts with Synovial Joints

Body Part Type of Joint Articulating Bones Muscles Movement Patterns Sport

Wrist Condyloid Carpals,Radius, Ulna

Wrist Flexors,Extensors

Flexion,Extension,

Adduction, Abduction,Circumduction

When bowball in crick

Wrist flexeextends tocreate the on the ball

Radioulnar Pivot Radius,Ulna,

Supinator,Pronator Teres

Supination,Pronation

Hitting the in Tennis wboth actiontwisting yohand to cremore accushot

Elbow Hinge Radius,Ulna,Humerus

Biceps Brachii,Triceps Brachii,

Flexion,Extension

Preparing swing in Gbicep contto pull the up, thenextends wiforce to exthe swing




Shoulder Ball andSocket

Humerus,Clavicle,Scapula

Anterior, Medial,Posterior Deltoidmuscles,Supraspinatus,Infraspinatus,

Subscapularis,Teres Minor muscles

Flexion,Extension,

Abduction, Adduction,Rotation,

Circumduction

When throa ball inbaseball,movementcreated wh

flexing andextending shoulder toprepare anexecute ththrow

Spine Cartilaginous VertebraeColumn

Rectusabdominis,Erector Spinae,External andInternal

Obliques,Transverse Abdominis,Multifidus

Flexion,Extension,Lateralflexion,Rotation

Throwing a javelin, whtwisting yotrunk to propower to th

throw, usinexternalobliques toand the theof the musto providesynergistssupport thebody durinexecution

Hip Ball and

Socket

Pupis,

Ishium, IlliumFemur

Illiopsoas,

GluteusMaximus, Adductor Longus, Brevis,Magnus, Gluteusmedius,minimus,

Flexion,

Extension, Adduction, Abduction,Rotation

When you

a football,extension hip when pleg back toexecute thmovement

Knee Hinge Patella,Femur,Tibia, Fibula

Rectus Femoris,Vastus Medialis,Vastus Lateralis,Vastus

Intermedius,Biceps Femoris,SemiMembranosus,Semi tendinosus

Flexion,Extension

Flexion at knee joint wthe hamstrcontracts t

the leg bactowards thglutes. Theextension knee to exa free kickfootball




Ankle Condyloid Tibia, Fibula,Tarsals,Metatarsals,phalanges

Gastrocenemius,Soleus, Tibialis

Anterior

Plantarflexion,dorsiflexion

ContractinGastrocenand soleusonto your twhen shoo

in netball.

(TASK 2) Describe the Different Classification of Joints (P2)

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