OECD Workshop on Incentives to Capture Climate Change and Biodiversity Benefits from Reducing Deforestation: Linkages, Synergies and Limitations

March, 2008

Targeting and implementing payments

for ecosystem services:

Opportunities for bundling biodiversity

conservation with carbon and water

services in Madagascar

Rosimeiry Portela, Ph.D.

• Conservation International work on biodiversity

conservation

• Targeting payments for multiple ecosystem service

conservation in Madagascar

• Madagascar experience with carbon projects:

Mantadia-Zahamena

• Forests, climate change and biodiversity benefits:

Challenges and recommendations

roa

d m

ap

a f

utu

re f

or

life

for

bio

div

ers

ity

an

d f

or

peo

ple

“To conserve the Earth‟s living heritage -

-

our global biodiversity –

and demonstrate

that human societies are able to live

harmoniously with nature.”Ou

r m

iss

ion

Hotspots and wilderness areas

bio

div

ers

ity a

nd

ES

*

*Turner et al., 2007

Targ

eti

ng

PE

S • PES: Potential to create new funding opportunity

• Targeting PES to maximize benefits to society: multiple services (Bundling), cost-effectiveness (opportunity cost) and efficiency (Additionality)

• Madagascar: Opportunities for „bundling‟ biodiversity, carbon and water in a cost-effective and efficient manner.

Mad

ag

ascar

•Global importance as a biodiversity

hotspot: 80% endemic fauna and 90%

flora

•Provision of additional services: Local,

national and global beneficiaries

•Deforestation and degradation: Less

than 15% of the island remains in primary

forest

bu

nd

lin

g m

ult

iple

serv

ices

• Biodiversity: Mammals, birds and amphibians

according to level of threat*

• Carbon: Global map of carbon stock**

modified***

• Water quality: Drinking water, irrigation and

mangroves***** IUCN Red List

**Olson et o al. (1983, 1985)

*** Gibbs (2006)

****HydroSHEDS dataset and population

ad

dit

ion

ality

• Probability of Deforestation: Probit

model for deforestation (1990-2000)*

using socio-economic biophyscial

variables to predict probability of

deforestation (2000-2010)

*Gorenflo, forthcoming

op

po

rtu

nit

y c

os

ts

•Agricultural production: Industrial

crops and of subsistence crops

•Ranking system: High opportunity

costs for industrial crops and low

opportunity costs for subsistence

agriculture

PROBABILITY OF

DEFORESTATION

ADDITIONALITY:

Bundled ES *

Probability of

eforestation

BIODIVERSITY:

number of

mammals, birds &

amphibians

weighted by threat

status

CARBON:

above- and

below-ground

biomass

WATER: water

quality weighted

by human

population, rice

& mangroves

HIGH

OPPORTUNITY

COSTS

TARGETED

PAYMENTS

FOR ES

BUNDLED

ES: percent

overlap of

three

services

resu

lts

• Supporting efficiencies in the use of

biodiversity finance

• Support development of PES to match

the conservation goals based on different

funding strategies

• Strategy for mitigation/adaptation

activities aimed at minimizing vulnerability

to climate changeTarg

eti

ng

PE

S

Deforestation Data: CI/IRG/USAID, 2007

• Presidential commitment to

conservation (2003)

• PAs key to success reduction in

deforestation rates:

1990-2000: 0.83% loss/year

2000-2005: 0.53% loss/year

• Carbon finance holds the

largest potential for funding

PES in Madagascar

Red

ucin

g d

efo

resta

tio

n

ma

nta

dia

•Partnership: Government, non-government and local

facilitating organizations.

•Services: Carbon emission reductions and biodiversity

existence values

•Approach: Reduced deforestation, reforestation and

livelihood activities.

•Science: Mapped the corridor based on biodiversity priority

and ES benefits

•Policy and Markets: Development of national capacity to

trade carbon and influence international policy and market

conservation carbon project

results

Conserves 450,000 hectares of rain forest

Sequesters 10 million tons of CO2 emissions

Provides livelihoods alternatives to tavy, land tenure

clarification, employment opportunities

Protects flagship species (Indri, gecko, orchids)

ma

nta

dia

CI C

arb

on

fo

rest

pro

jects

Existing EffortsUnder Development

•Forests carbon projects have potential for multiple benefits goal: Climate mitigation, biological diversity and sustainable development

•Community and conservation protected areas:

Proven effective tools that have reduced

deforestation and resulting emissions

•Inclusion of degradation: Most forests are steadily

degraded prior to being “deforested”

•Inclusion of historically low deforestation countries

where future deforestation is likely higher

Reco

mm

en

dati

on

an

d

ch

alle

ng

es

thank you

all photos © minden pictures, naturePL, CI

OECD Workshop on Incentives to Capture Climate Change and Biodiversity Benefits from Reducing Deforestation: Linkages, Synergies and Limitations

March, 2008