Tara L. Keyser, Research Forester, Southern Research Station – Upland Hardwood Ecology and...
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Transcript of Tara L. Keyser, Research Forester, Southern Research Station – Upland Hardwood Ecology and...
Maintaining and restoring diversity in upland hardwood
systems of the Appalachian-Cumberland region
Tara L. Keyser, Research Forester, Southern Research Station – Upland Hardwood Ecology and Management, USDA FS, 1577 Brevard Rd., Asheville, NC 28806. [email protected].
Wood utilization associated with subsistence living
Land abandonment
Purposeful burning by Native Peoples
Exploitive logging/wildfires
European settlement - land clearing for pasture & agriculture, continued use of fire
Domestic grazing
Photo: Southern Appalachian brook trout foundation
Source: American Memory online photographic collection, Library of Congress
Fire suppression
Relatively short time
period
Fraser fir; balsam fir; red cedar; shortleaf pine; spruce pine; table mountain pine; pitch pine; white pine; Virginia pine; eastern hemlock; Carolina hemlock; boxelder; red maple; striped maple; sugar maple; buckeye; mountain ash; mountain maple; sweet birch; yellow birch; musclewood; pignut hickory; mockernut hickory; bitternut hickory; red hickory; shagbark hickory; catalpa; hackberry; redbud; pawpaw; flowering dogwood; alternate-leaf dogwood; persimmon; beech; white ash; black ash; green ash; sweetgum; honeylocust; American holly; Carolina holly; butternut; black walnut; yellow-poplar; cucumber tree; Fraser magnolia; mulberry; blackgum; ironwood; sourwood; sycamore; black cherry; white oak; scarlet oak; southern red oak; blackjack oak; chinkapin oak; chestnut oak; northern red oak; post oak; black oak; black locust; sassafras; basswood; elm species; fire cherry; silverbell
0-19 20-39 40-59 60-79 80-99 100+0
1,000,000
2,000,000
3,000,000
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5,000,000
6,000,000
7,000,000 Oak/pine (400)Oak/hickory (500)Maple/beech/birch (800)Other hardwoods (170 & 960)
Age class
Shortle
af
Upl
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oaks
Hic
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aple
Sugar m
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$200
$300
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$500
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$1,000NRO & BO
WO & CO
Pop & Cuc
Red Maple
Why is regenerating ‘desirable’ species problematic?
Shortle
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Upl
and
oaks
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Red m
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Sugar m
aple
Yello
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2000000000
3000000000
4000000000
5000000000
6000000000KentuckyNorth CarolinaTennesseeVirginia
Gro
win
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tock
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lum
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(bil
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Current RWU-4157 research Quantify the effects of disturbance, both natural
and silvicultural, across environmental gradientsDevelop methods/tools for predicting and
controlling changes in the structure and composition of upland hardwood forests
Two primary studies:1. Regional Oak Study
Treatments developed for species composition
2. Femelschlag Treatments developed for both structure and
composition
Regional Oak StudyTesting 3 recommended, but largely untested
methods (even-aged) to regenerate mixed-species stands (oaks, in particular)Repeated prescribed fireMidstory control prior to regenerationHarvest – burn
Addresses ecological integrityground layer flora; entire suite of tree species;
small mammals; bird community; bats; fuels; herptofauna
FemelschlagSilvicultural system being
tested to regenerate mixed-species stands, AND to restore structural diversity
Emulate natural disturbance patterns (Ecological Forestry; Disturbance-based silviculture; Ecosystem management; New Forestry)
Biological legacies are retainedMulti-aged Vertical & horizontal
heterogeneityStructural and compositional complexity
Questions?