Angus Fire Engineering provides the services to integrate well known and trusted brand names into systems to protect a wide variety of risks.The unique strength of AFE lies in its ability to work alongside its clients to provide tailor-made systems to specification, on time and within budgetAFE Who we are and what we do

AFE - Total Capability in Fire Protection

AFE - Specialists in Protecting High Risk IndustriesOil & PetrochemicalsPower GenerationAviationMarineOffshore

Foam ChamberRimseal PourerBundPourerBase InjectionStorage Tank Protection SystemsFloatafoam

Specialist LNG Tank Protection SystemsHigh Expansion Foam Systems

Foam Skid Systems

Waterspray, Deluge and Foam Sprinkler SystemsDeluge ValvesFoam Sprinkler SystemWaterspraySystemDeluge Valve skid

HARTHigh SensitivitySmoke DetectionAlarmlineLinear Heat DetectionVegaControl PanelsGravinerOil Mist Detection Triple IR Flame DetectionIR Gas Detection SystemPoint DetectionDetection & Alarm Systems

Hydrants & FittingsPillar HydrantsBreechingsAdaptorsCabinets - SteelCabinets - GRP

Safety Equipment Packages for Onshore/OffshoreBreathing ApparatusLiferaftsStretchersEscape MasksGas Monitors

AFE CapabilitiesSurveys & ConsultancyProject ManagementProject Teams dedicated to particular marketsDesign & EngineeringDocumentationProcurement & Equipment SupplyFire testingSupervision of InstallationCommissioning & Maintenance

Foam Systems

Protection Of Tanks With Foam MonitorsNFPA 11 3-2.2 Design Criteria for Foam Monitors.3-2.2.1 Limitations. Monitor nozzles shall not be considered as the primary means of protection for fixed-roof tanks over 60 ft (18 m) in diameter.3-2.2.3 Application rate 6.5 l/min/m2 for 50 to 65 minutes

Titan MonitorSimple Set-Up & Operation4,500 LPM @ 10 Bar90% Foam Delivered on to Tank 20 m High from 30 m Distance2 Lengths 4 Hose, 15 m Pick-Up Tube, 2 Collecting Heads

MEGA Colossus (40,000L/min) Colossus

Tank typesCone Roof - Top Pourer Sets/Foam chambers - Base Injection/Sub-surface

Internal Floating Roof - Aluminium/plastic/steel -Top PourersOpen Top Floating Roof - Rimseal Pourers - Floatafoam

Base Injection Systems - High Back Pressure Generators

Foam Application rate and Discharge TimeNFPA 11Table 5.2.6.5.1 Minimum Discharge Times and Application Rates for Subsurface Application on Fixed-Roof Storage TanksHydrocarbon TypeMinimum Discharge Minimum Application Rate Time (min) L/minm2Flash point between 37.8C and 60C304.1

Flash point below 37.8C554.1

Crude petroleum554.1

Number of Discharge outletsNFPA 11Table 5.2.6.2.8 Minimum Number of Subsurface Foam Discharge Outlets for Fixed-Roof Tanks Containing HydrocarbonsTank Diameter Minimum Number m of Discharge Outlets Flash Point Flash Point Below 37.8C 37.8C or HigherUp to 2411Over 24 to 3621Over 36 to 4232Over 42 to 4842Over 48 to 5452Over 54 to 6063

Cone roof - Top Pourer Sets

Foam Application Rate and Discharge TimeTable NFPA 11 5.2.5.2.2 Minimum Discharge Times and Application Rate for Type I and Type II Fixed Foam Discharge Outlets on Fixed-Roof (Cone) Storage Tanks Containing Hydrocarbons Minimum Minimum Application Rate Discharge Time (min) Hydrocarbon TypeL/minm2 Type II Foam PourerFlash point between 37.8C and 60C 4.1 30

Flash point below 37.8C (100F) 4.1 55

Crude petroleum4.1 55

Number of Foam Pourers RequiredTable NFPA 5.2.5.2.1 Number of Fixed Foam Discharge Outlets for Fixed-Roof Tanks Containing Hydrocarbons or Flammable and Combustible Liquids Requiring Alcohol-Resistant FoamsTank Diameter (or equivalent area)Minimum Number of Discharge OutletsmftUp to 24Up to 80 1Over 24 to 36Over 80 to 120 2Over 36 to 42Over 120 to 140 3Over 42 to 48Over 140 to 160 4Over 48 to 54Over 160 to 180 5Over 54 to 60Over 180 to 2006

Top Pourer Sets - Burst discsVery little pressure in top box 1/4 - 1psican be 2-3psi , where higher inlet pressuresControlled by orifice size & inlet pressureGLASS disc breaks ~ 1psi foam side, 1-3psi tank sideBIG Problem = VARIABILITY of glass

Graphite/stainless disc resists 2.5psi from tank side (NFPA) Guaranteed to burst 3-4psi from either side Insufficient pressure on Mk111 for graphite/stainless

TPS Burst discsSolution to add retrofit flap valve kit > Mk IV

Mk111Mk IIIMk IV Thicker glass Loctite bonded withstands ~ 5psi harnesses full solution line pressure OK for N2 blankets OK for internal floaters

TPS - New Tankmaster Mk V coming...Very similar to TPS Mk IIINew graphite disc to withstand 2.5psi tank pressuresmaller air intake generates more top box pressure to burst OkSpecial orifice disc with hat to regulate air flowshorter deflector for gentler foam applicationQuicker release top lidMesh fixed to lidBetter O ring disc seal to body replaces corkMore expensive... but market leading performance AND guaranteed leak tight

Floating roof - Rimseal Foam Pourers

RIMSEAL FOAM SYSTEMSNFPA 11 The design parameters for the application of fixed foam discharge outlets on top of the seal to protect open-top floating roof tanks shall be in accordance with Table 5.3.5.3.1.

Maximum Spacing Between Discharge Outlets with Application Discharge 305-mm 610-mm RateTime (min) Foam Dam Foam Dam L/minm2 m m 12.2 20 12.2 24.4

Rimseal Detection/Protection Systems - FloatafoamLinear Heat Detection for fast Rimseal activation

Tank fires can represent huge lossesMinimising loss & escalation relies on: fast detection fast protection minimised burnback riskConventional Rimseals usually manual activation smoke not seen when roof low delays into action NEED QUICK ATTACK

Floatafoam

Why Foam?Halon Gas systems need to be phased out under Montreal protocol.Tendency for gas to escape and concentration levels at the fire to drop.Gas provides no cooling. Aspirated foam cools, smothers, vapour seals, protects longer - minimises re-ignition risk.

Floatafoam design criteria:High application rate for short periodGentle aspirated foam application15 mins burnback achievable with FFFPFree of electrics -avoiding ignition source

Floatafoam design criteria:Capable of extinguishing all 3 fire typesHigh application rate for short periodGentle aspirated foam application15 mins burnback achievable with FFFPFree of electrics -avoiding ignition source

Foam Blanket

Floatafoam Contract listCBI QGPCMecon QGPCMitsuiKNPC KuwaitSRCSingapore RefineryUnicalIndonesiaCBISincor VenezuelaLGNODCO

FOAM SYSTEMS FOR INTERNAL FLOATING ROOF TANKSNFPA 3-4.1.1 Design for Full Surface Fire. Where the basis for design is a full surface fire, the covered (internal) floating roof tank shall be considered as equivalent to a fixed-roof (cone) tank of the same diameter for the purpose of foam system design. For a full surface fire, the foam facilities shall be designed in accordance with 3-2.3 and Section 3-9. For this application, fixed foam discharge outlets shall not be fitted with a frangible vapour seal device.3-4.1.1.1 Subsurface and semisubsurface injection shall not be used because of the possibility of improper distribution of foam.3-4.1.2 Design for Seal Area Fire. Where the basis for design is a seal fire, the covered (internal) floating roof tank shall be considered as equivalent to an open-top floating roof tank of the same diameter for the purpose of foam system design. For a seal fire, the foam discharge system shall be designed in accordance with the requirements specified in Table 3-3.3.1.2 utilizing fixed foam discharge outlets.

Medium Expansion Foam Bund Pourer Systems

Design Standard: BS5306 Sec 6.1Application Rates4 l/min/m2 - Hydrocarbon fuels6.5 l/min/m2 - Polar solventsDischarge Times10 mins - 100m2

MEX Bund PourersSemi-Fixed Bund ProtectionFlexible & Cost EffectiveMEX Foam 3 Models (MEX 600/1200/1800 SF)Dedicated MEX Inductors

High Expansion Foam Systems For LNG Tank Bund Areas

High Expansion Foam SystemsNFPA 11A 3-4.3* Application Rate.As established by tests [see A-1-10.5(d)], the application rate shall be such that a positive and progressive reduction in radiation is attained within the time limitations established in the analysis. The application rates determined by the test in A-1-10.5(d) shall be increased by the necessary factor to account for the initial vaporisation rate and the configuration of the hazard. After steady-state control conditions have been reached, the application rates established in the test for maintenance of fire control shall be used to maintain control.

New LNG test facility at Texas A&M Fire SchoolSponsored by BP3 pits:Small 10m Stepped L Trench 19mBig 65mAll 1.2m (4 ft) deep

How Foam Works - Fire ControlTests confirm correctDynamic situationFoam insulates & reduces radiation back to LNG Foam allows controlled LNG burn-offPit design affects efficiencyFire Intensity decreasesRegular foam top-up to maintain steady state Frozen foam also controls fireFoam 300-500:1 insulates LNG

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FT2 Turbex LNG : Expandol 500:1~80-90% control after 2 mins

How Foam Works - Vapour DispersionTests confirm correctDynamic situationFoam 300-500:1 insulates LNGAllows controlled vapourisation (rise)Ice layer & Ice tubes form, frozen foam can prevent vapour escapeRegular foam top-upKeep fluid foam at surfaceIce tubes

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Vapour Dispersion Water curtains need to overlap Vapour in LEL range found 120 -150m from cloud Frozen Expandol foam can lock LNG beneath FT2 LNG/Expandol disperses vapours after 1 minIce tubes

Robust Fixed Generators Adequately engineered Fan driven Blower type essential Safe enclosed water turbine motor Careful choice components Tested fire exposure crucial Standard units UNACCEPTABLE

Foam Proportioning SystemsBalanced Pressure ProportionersBalanced Valves

Semi Fixed Proportioning System

Fixed Proportioning System

Balanced Pressure Foam Proportioning SystemFoam concentrate pump can be:Electric drivenDiesel drivenPelton wheel drivenVariable flow ratesCan be refilled during operation

Bag (Bladder) tankDifficult to refill while operatingBalanced Pressure Proportioners

Fixed Inline (FI) Inductors Fixed flow device

TROUBLE-FREE installation

Waterspray Systems

Clack Type Deluge Valve

Clack Type Deluge ValveReasonably CheapCannot pressure regulateOnly available in 4, 6 & 8 sizesHave to be manually reset at the valve

C300 Deluge Control Valves

Basic Principle - Valve Closed1.Inlet Cone2.Outer Cavity3.Control Sleeve4.Main Body5.Inlet Port6.Valve Seat7.Vent Port8.Cavity PortInlet water pressure at 5 closes sleeve on 6 through port 8.Vent 7 is closed.

Basic Principle - Valve RunningPort 7 is vented & pressure reduced in cavity at 81.Inlet Cone2.Outer Cavity3.Control Sleeve4.Main Body5.Inlet Port6.Valve Seat7.Vent Port8.Cavity Port

inlet water pressure lifts sleeve 3, from seat 6

C300 Valve Features & BenefitsLow pressure lossAccurate pressure controlCompatibility of materialsSurge protection3 to 12 sizes

FluoroProteins: FP70 Plus & FP70

FP70 for : Hydrocarbons Unleaded Gasolines (below 7.5% MTBE)FP70 Plus for : 100% MTBE Hydrocarbons Unleaded Gasolines (to 18% MTBE) Non-asp. monitorsTank Protection

FP70 PlusKey Benefits: Fuel tolerance Heat resistance Post-fire security Foam blanket stability Hydrocarbons, unleaded blends & MTBE First FP to pass tough LASTFIRE testCOST-EFFECTIVETank Protection

Polar SolventsWater MiscibleAttack Foam

MethanolEthersAldehydesKetonesPetrochem & Municipal

AR Foams - How do they work?

AFFF and FFFP versionsUsed on hydrocarbons and polar solventsFilms only form on hydrocarbonsFilm formation only on cool firesPolymer rafts only form on polar solvent fuels

Polymer raftseparates Foam from FuelPetrochem & Municipal

Poly`mer TechnologyBiopolymerWater SolubleInsoluble in Polar SolventRaft BarrierResulting foams are more viscousUntil recentlyPetrochem & Municipal

AR-AFFF - Tridol ATF 3-6, 3-3 & 1-3Municipal & PetrochemicalFire ServicesPetrochem & Municipal

AR-AFFFs For those using Synthetics... Multi-purpose applications We have the best! Leading performance - LASTFIRE Less viscous than others Good track record - long term storage Formulated for Solvent & Hydrocarbon performance Fully mixable with 3M ATC Environmentally more gentle Competitively priced1-3, 3-3, 3-6% availablePetrochem & Municipal

Storage - AR type foamsPolymer vulnerable to separatingFreeze-thaw & high temps can triggerUsually NOT re-mixable Best store 10yrs +Worst literally months!

Polymer Drop-Out

Upgrade: Multipurpose BUT constantly looking to improve on:

Thickness in handling Winter performance Storage stability Induction accuracy Simpler proportioning Reduced wastage Easier vehicle usageTupras, Turkey 1999Existing AR foams goodPetrochem & Municipal

AR-FFFP NiagaraHigh fluidityPolymer-freeFlows like water!No shear thinningAccurate proportioningEasy handling-18C lowest use temperature

LASTFIRE : Storage tank fire test Developed comprehensive test spec. Foam fire test exclusively for tanks Representative & realistic: Critical application rates Realistic application methods Realistic foam properties Easily set-up Adaptable to suit fire ground needs Proven to differentiate between foams16 Leading Oil Industry Cos. are satisfied :

Tank Protection

LASTFIRE testRapid Knockdown but Poor Sealing CapabilityExcellent burnback resistanceExtinction within 7 minsPreburn0 3 10 12 23 25 30 minsFoam ApplicationTorch testsBurnbackTank Protection

ExtinguishmentFire ControlBurnbackResistanceVapourSuppression(torch test 2)VapourSuppression(torch test 1)End user relative importance of LASTFIRE Test fire performance criteria(Developed from poll of end users)Maximum points available for each stage of the LASTFIRE TESTTank Protection

50%80%100%25%Reduced fireperformanceAcceptable fireperformanceGood fireperformanceAngus FP70 Plus 72%Tridol ATF3-6 77%Semi-Aspirated NozzleFP70 32.5%Aspirated NozzleTotal Scores:

ATF1-3 275FP70 Plus 272ATF3-3 265ATF3-6 264.5FP70 202FP 70 72%FP 70Plus 100%Tridol ATF3-3 100%Tridol ATF1-3 95%Tridol ATF 3-6 92.5%System NozzleTridol ATF 3-3 70%FP 70Plus 100%FP 70 100%Tridol ATF 3-6 92.5%Tridol ATF 1-3 90%ANGUS FOAMS: LASTFIRE TESTED Tridol ATF3-3 95%Tridol ATF 1-3 90%

Performance Characteristics AFFFFPFFFPAR-AFFFAR-FFFPKnockdownBurnback ResistanceFuel ToleranceOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOTypical ApplicationOil TanksAviationAviationMulti-purposeMulti-purposeThe more O the better!Petrochem & Municipal