TANEY COUNTY HEALTH DEPARTMENT AUGUST 2009 Situation Update: H1N1 Influenza A.
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Transcript of TANEY COUNTY HEALTH DEPARTMENT AUGUST 2009 Situation Update: H1N1 Influenza A.
Overview
Define “the flu.”Describe the unique features of influenza virusesDescribe the illness caused by influenzaExplain how influenza spreadsDiscuss epidemics vs. pandemicsDiscuss the H1N1 virusDescribe ways to reduce risk of disease
Influenza Virus Strains
Type A moderate to severe illness all age groups humans and other
animals
Type B changes less rapidly than
type A milder epidemics humans only primarily affects children
NN
H
Subtypes of type A determined by Subtypes of type A determined by hemagglutinin (H) and neuraminidase (N)hemagglutinin (H) and neuraminidase (N)
Subtypes of type A determined by Subtypes of type A determined by hemagglutinin (H) and neuraminidase (N)hemagglutinin (H) and neuraminidase (N)
Influenza Type A SubtypesInfluenza Type A Subtypes
RecentViruses in the
News:
H5N1H1N1H3N2
Signs and SymptomsSymptoms of novel H1N1 flu are similar to those of seasonal flu.
• Fever
• Cough
• Sore throat
• Runny or stuffy nose
• Body aches
• Headache
• Chills
• Fatigue
• In addition, vomiting (25%) and diarrhea (25%) have been reported. (Higher rate than for seasonal flu.)
How does H1N1 Influenza spread?
This virus spreads the same way seasonal flu
Primarily through droplets (Not Airborne) Coughing Sneezing Touching respiratory droplets
on yourself, another person, or an object, then touching mucus membranes (e.g., mouth, nose, eyes) without washing hands
Infectious and Incubation Period
Infected persons are assumed to be contagious from one day prior to illness onset until at least 24 hours after fever is gone. Fever should be gone without the use of
fever-reducing medicine.
Incubation period: 1-4 days could be as long as 7 days, 2 days average (similar to seasonal flu)
Seasonal FluSeasonal Flu Pandemic FluPandemic Flu
Respiratory illness caused by a flu virus.
Some local outbreaks or epidemics
Some immunity among people in the community
About 20% of population ill during flu season
Global flu outbreak
Occurs when new influenza A virus emerges
Little or no immunity in people
Large numbers of people become ill and many die
Approximately 30-50% of population ill.
What is the difference between Pandemic Flu and Seasonal Flu?
Past Influenza Pandemics
A(H1N1) A(H2N2) A(H3N2)1918: “Spanish Flu” 1957: “Asian Flu” 1968: “Hong Kong Flu”
20-40 m deaths
675,000 US deaths
1-4 m deaths
70,000 US deaths
1-4 m deaths
34,000 US deaths
Credit: US National Museum of Health and Medicine
H1N1 Influenza
CDC estimated >1 million cases had already occurred.
CDC expects that more cases, more hospitalizations, and more deaths from this outbreak will continue to occur.
Seasonal influenza results in approx. 36,000 deaths and more than 200,000 hospitalizations.
Because this is a new virus, most people will not have immunity to it.
The H1N1 vaccine is currently in clinical trials…..
Public Health Actions
Implemented the emergency response plan
Information Dissemination
CDC’s Division of the Strategic National Stockpile (SNS) has sent 25% of the SNS stockpile of antiviral drugs to local jurisdictions
Meetings with response partners and community organizations
Inventory of PPE and local needs
Epidemiology and Planning Activities (surveillance, disease investigation, antiviral distribution planning, mass vaccination clinic planning, etc.)
Prevention Messages
Hand washing and use of hand gels
Avoid touching your Eyes, Nose and Mouth
Stay home if you are ill and keep children home if they are ill.
Cough EtiquetteVaccination Family Preparedness
Family Preparedness
What are the signs and symptoms of the flu?
What are warning signs that require evaluation by healthcare provider?
What is social distancing and why it is important?
What can families do to prevent the spread of flu?
Get medical care right away if the sick person at home:
has difficulty breathing or chest pain
has purple or blue discoloration of the lips
is vomiting and unable to keep liquids down
has signs of dehydration such as dizziness when standing, absence of urination, or in infants, a lack of tears when they cry
has seizures (for example, uncontrolled convulsions)
is less responsive than normal or becomes confused
Take these everyday steps to protect your health
Cover your nose and mouth with a tissue or the crook of your elbow when you cough or sneeze. Throw the tissue in the trash after you use it.
Avoid touching your eyes, nose or mouth.Germs spread this way.
Hand washing
Avoid contact with sick people.
If you get sick…
Stay home if you’re sick. Until you’ve been free from a fever for
24 hours, without the use of fever reducing medications.
If you are sick, limit your contact with other people as much as possible.
Social Distancing
Social distancing measures include:Closing schoolsCanceling public gatherings or eventsPlanning for work leave policiesWorking from homeStaying home if sick
Some or all of these may be recommended for the public depending on the situation.
Personal Preparedness For Pandemic
Plan How will ill family members be cared for, identify needed
supplies, unemployment?Prepare items for an extended stay at home
Food, medications, medical suppliesPreventing the spread of illness
Knowledge (Hand washing, social distancing, etc) Personal protection equipment (masks) Cleaners/disinfectant Plan for social distancing measures
Listen for information.
Summary
For the most current information on the H1N1 influenza outbreak, visit http://www.cdc.gov/h1n1flu/ and www.taneycohealth.org
Missouri, CDC, WHO, and public health officials worldwide are carefully monitoring the situation.
Follow all recommendations for preventing the spread of influenza.