Kalila wa DimnaFor Students of Arabic

Retold by Munther A. YounesIllustrations by Anees Rabie

SPOKEN LANGUAGE SERVICES, INC.ITHACA. NY

Munther A. Younes, 2001

All rights reserved

No part of this book or the accompanying audio portion may be reproduced without thewritten consent of the publisher.

Published & Distributed by

Spoken Language Services, Inc.

P.O. Box 783Ithaca, NY 14851-0783

(607) 256-0500

www.spokenlanguage.com

With the assistance of

The Department ofNear Eastern Studies

Cornell University

Ithaca, NY

ISBN 0-87950-128-6

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Acknowledgments

I would like to express my gratitude to the Consortium for LanguageTeaching and Learning for its financial support in producing the illustrations

used in this book, and to the Department of Near Eastern Studies at Cornell

University for its assistance in defraying part of the publication cost. I am alsoindebted to my students in Intermediate and Advanced Arabic at Cornell, whowere always enthusiastic participants in my experiments with the Kalila waDimna stories and the exercises that accompany them. It was their enthusiasm

that convinced me to rewrite and expand the previously published version of

the book. Finally, I am grateful to my illustrator, Anees Rabie, whose insider'sunderstanding of Middle East culture and native command of the Arabic

language combined with a unique sense of humor and a special artistic talent to

bring the Kalila wa Dimna stories to life. Improvements over the previous

version of the book are largely due to my students' comments and suggestionsand to Mr. Rabie' s illustrations.

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Suggestions to the Student

This book is designed for students who have finished at least one year of

Arabic. It can be used as a classroom text or for independent study. The above

paragraphs, addressed to teachers, include suggestions for using the book as a

classroom text. For independent study, the book can be used in a number of

ways, depending on the language level, interests, and goals of the user. The

advanced student, for example, can listen to or read the stories for enjoyment

and to reinforce what he has learned before. The student who has just finished

only one year of Arabic may benefit more from a more intensive study of the

stories, i.e., listening to and reading them more than once and doing some or all

of the exercises. Some students might be content with achieving a basic

understanding of each story line to improve their overall reading and listening

skills, while others might insist on gaining a thorough understanding of each

story. Each student should decide for himself how to use the stories, audio

recordings, and exercises to improve his command of Arabic.

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t I j >a .Allu^ \ \ ^jJ* LaLaJb CjJLu-bj 1 nKfl

< c.j Jl OlJj-^" iviL-LUI JL5 "S O 1 ^^-^ f'

V" .-, Lj .All JUa u^K Ul ,^Lc joJi V J>^ dLlA JjUj

j-L^L^jj ^J ^J^l ..J-il... ^Jl JJLSJ I

y

i-u" c-JLSj cu \ II ^J c-uJL ,^-JI jljj-^JI c^ * " -> I ^JLJI ^j-JI ^j

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c,

ft" '

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*-

6Lu^JU

.. * * ' ' . ,," "a I \

. ^ c-i-JL^j >^lfl

^A

ijbjbr OU1T

awake kij weakness ^ j\'ih

greed ^ oJa to be on the verge of jlj-j(

being alone Ij^ j the wild

L-$fl^a-j ^ U r 1 j ^x^LlijJI j O

jj jL_ d_^LJI ^,'ij ^1 oJ-^j

^1 v^^fi J-* ^ ' -lJ-" ^r^ o" il S 6jl ^^-^-^ pcr^

A_>

_i J ;2*1 fi

j-LLIIj

:aLJJ ^*\-Li\ V I>JI JLi

IjQ" :JLl_fl cJJj ^i jj iU I 1

* if

mind, sense Jix. it is said, related ^

0>^ Jl ^^JLc cjJ i"J a

iUi)\>jvri>)N)\

*I* .jLS-o J ^^Jj pL j^r. ,. t -v J I v-j j j-*o s '-Jjl ' - Q

JJ.

messenger (J^uoj .^) Jj^-uj elephant

to wash J-^JLj-jluuc arrogance, conceit

to repent ^>yi^-^j\Z to kneel down

i^Jbr OU1T

jjj-*

J

elil Jj^jJI s^j j^j! .T

JiljVl j-o j-a-iS jj^ ^L* IjQ .V

* JJJ^ >* 0-* *

\.o

.OlP\>i\^'C

^j au.i j~;^ ^' ^ ^^Ij J>H v> -^'J t^J ^

Jill ^jjbj-i j

JaDtj^lkftjwJ/^

1 J , -fll fl -fi- I

.

,j^ fl Jl J-*_j .4 i^5 1 1 4 j I r 1 flj

ej j ,-Lui ^ji oLJiyi v_uAj

* ' (

I ft^ 'i ft i,J U fl * a ^ ^ \ ^j\

cat JLi during < J>U> *Liii

to pray ^1 ^j-crL,a to fast jj ^j-H -^

*"* *

SljU SI c^\ ^J .X

S^jVlj ^LLUI Jli >o JLLII JL^ u-L^ .V

Roots and Families O^ilpj^jj^ *y

(List all other words derived from the same roots as the following words and write

their meanings in Arabic or English.)

* > .

^ * i tg J ~\ * t

pL^.

y4&\y &~>\A\

A tt \ J cr^3 ^ 6 ' J l^J-'13-" cr^J ^ " J e cr" ^ I "yJlLo ill I 111 \"J '>*JLS aJ " S iJ * a (^Ul < K II Ijjb Lo * o * o j-^Ij JL^j *-l "1 ''1 1 Ij-i-Alij .^LII ^j ,^-L^

d-uuLJI jjJi ,j JJj ^ Ijj ft" ,lj ".I a1 ->j-*u V J ml MU u j I 11a" :^LlJIoi

S^j^UI Jill IjU ^ .X

?>UJ ^j^Lll ILi J^ .r

^>OJ_^sJ *| J J^-Jj-LJI ^J ^Jl

\jb\)\z^\)ijU\

Jl

Ll" :^jl ^ ...II Jl 5 fl ,zi'i Jl jJJ1j Jl J nl 1 II ._. a '\

J \ ^M j] :_jjJI Jl 5 a c^ "it M r jj1_ Jl Ujj ,_il Uj rt-jjJ I ^ I dL-uLJ I v_uAJ".L-a j-o *U ^jJk-o ii

*c5

Ji J_i_jx-j j-f-fl '^-^ lJ-*' jULM" :J\ -J I ,.,

'I(j^ j qj ij-*-^ 6jliJI cj-jL j-il . N

S^ ^1 ijliJI J^ Jl

^JjudJ ik^JiUL l *1 t I I

JL J. .M

cr" i^-JJ-^h* >f" ^J

Jl 2 a : * i 'I K jj-

j v l a ...II ^1 J^LJI v_^j

rt-jjJI fi elu-xLV I (_3fil " " " I Lj| :

uU^I vjl j-x5l ^j v>*-"j

jc-jjJI ^1 .:! ...1 'i II ,?1jj

\^ V jtiJIj ur-^J I 7 jj^l * Sj^j" jUJI

^^JJ^J eT11 cJj-^-a AjLi ^1 c. 'i J I J\ j J-*

. 6^-Ll I 6 JJ&

\\

&\j&\ JX.J LL\

f jLLub J_-o J5^G CjJL^j i6j-Jl^ f jLix-b 1 j fl J_j_c ^ I CjpL*. ^"t ^ ^1 * U Jx. Cj "i ^ \ ^LVl. I

(] J I r *l -vi>l j J>=J' U^J f ^L-LueJI J_a l-^J-^ I ". i *t Cloj jJi .Lfl-Oj-A J-jJfl C/-*-" ^jlA

J-a J7 t j f 1 c-ul jJaj Jj-aJ V l_L-lj" : 4 j ^ 1 1 cJLS"S 4 '> s J^> vZ-i-jl IjLL if j-iu-b L^J JLiaJa

^ufci-fl ".I o^, ol jl ^jl fl.All Jll Jl 4 j n.. jjJfli V ^j-o ^ J ! . ^ I ,J^-lj ^jLi-^JI J^l

Jx. L^JLuuj f- jLLuiJ I dl n p1 ^ a .,i Lij 6 j a-2k I j f jl a . A 1 1 dLo Jl g j a .All

Lcj-L^b cjj-^j-fl pi mJJ ^_a >1 t U jx. ,.i -k il o ^ ^LjI J \ 5" : 4 \ ^ 1 1 vjiJLJLfl oxa. I

*

l-J I jLj JL> i -J I J-j-i ^^"i rt I Jl C-JjLa*J

Cj-jj-A ^Jj iC^LoJj *4 " t . ,,l fl fr ji .All 4Jil Cj *i *> U j Ol-lusU Ci^mi nli d ...I il I J_ I Cj-j-J ' i f e

t

"i ^"51 j Jl 4JJ I j_* ^-j-L^j cL-uLJI

ijuji*r cV*iT

bodyto get old f

j-a

J

injusticesadness 0>=*

to be humiliatedaggression o'j-^

Sl^>^ ^ I**- ^' t^^ ^' ^U "U XSJLUI ^1 ^L. wJ-^ -V

;^jl*.~l l JL* C>i IJU. *

1U , - :^'^i

C-*jU. j j^ 'J-!. tj^ ,U^ .bi jj^j biii o'P

1

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1 1ill" |!

ijjl

it

L^_ii

Jx. j ,\ l "i > I a I aj -> jj ...

^1 s^U^^ fUL

9 t I htj elj^-A-U

>j .aJj .L$_a^J& J-J5 0-J*' ' *& f jL-A-o-b J~o

IjLL' :p j-Lub L$J JLii . 1d j 1 r 03-^' u^J ^jl i i All J^ LljjJa

r^^j

jsi:J- v-^f" -ill V , ii

O^j^h^J^

\

6 ) *S i n J I v t>1 "% >J 6 j \ \ N> 6 j ^ iT> if-3 ^A- il ^1 U 0' uA2^

c^j -r^ 1 V jLjjJLIIj jLjjJLJI u ^ ~ V (*>-^-ll c->J>LSj .5-^j-j v * II I d j a ^j^ jlj_Ji ^>-^lj ^j J-^j jL^j-*-" ^-^ ^ ~* "^ -* fj-r1-" ^- f^-* ^ U-* SI JLJ si,. La cu-jI j j-Ja' :l ^1 1 c-JL5j jLjjJLII cjjl-oJL^I ^JLJI ^j-^I r 1 u ^^-ij -Lf-"

JVI^ IJ^JLS^ ^j c^ 1 jilt QI o-84 t *i a -v ;LjJLll J\_> O^J ^ J * *-> 'jL-0-fl 5 Jjjx j\S Ijl J-J.1..II JL5"' .\_JjJLll jj_i

jJ-^JI J_^JL> JLilj ^L^JI xj^j jL IjLi i jOLjl >i v>^jl ^^ Ujj^ J*j^-i "Sjjljl ^ JLi j Lo" :^I^U dill JLi \-^" ^^ o-i j *-c) ^^to take as a prisoner j_^i

to spread ^j^-^u,

spy (^.i j " Ijj^ . jr) ^uj-^Li.

cave ^jLi-o

to wound, injure j-j^^-^^k

homeland j>Jaj

disaster < i.^n

to protect ^ ft ^ j-^^aa peace, reconciliation ^i)L g-Lua

condition (-Ljj^i .^) .Uj^i exile, diaspora

*iJW\ oUJJUl ^a JJ* ^jSL*j\ (synonym) J^^a U .

u-j-jl^-jj 6j_l_l ^_i c>-jL ^^Ij-c v aJ l ji ^^ ^ j

JjLj^JLI I >^< ^ V cia-IL^j .Lojj - a 1 1 1fl

* q ^ii_uLJ 6j a ^ H

^j_JI d_L> ^j& j_o ^Jij .^>-JI *_^ i

^j * a '

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I j j^ j-^j c>^^ J-^j l^- ^ * ^ | -*iLJJI ^J LJ ^x^ L* ci^ij jJ5" .1^11 JL,^ 1 c.i oV ^L^JI (*^JI

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pLlAU I ^j-q-^I ^j ^ ciJjL^a (T-^^ Jj j * 1 1 jf-AxI gl ua-SJ I JjJ Ijl :VLL-i

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ijbjbr oUiT

to give alms j.i ,r>"j-j.i,^ joy, pleasure &jila

treasure JJi to be hunted, caught jLaj-oj^

dominant v_JLc health, well-being i^Lc

SL-jLuL jL^ LaJ_1c rr j mi I I J- .X

^ Li I |) j fl ^^jl ^j-i J^JJ-AJ^JI rr j mi I I J^l U j jaJ IjLL .1

^iii. II jlj-A^JI Ul v_i-L

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ft" jJfl vJ^LJj \ njl dUj- I ft

fl j I f .^ ft n. j if J-aJI ,-; mi J I j j U II

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"Sjo^ft Uj" :cilil Jli .Jj>JI JJLcjuij ^Jl ^^a-tl Ji^ ^ f j^u ^LcLo^JI ojLi Ax_J I O ^k"i

L^j nii^iii 4 IA\H (J-u^U v.jflii L^-klji ^j^fl*

%* La jJLS *

to have baby birds lj j^ ^>i crane .j^-Ji JjTa= j- ^lll ^>jiaju

excessive height ,'jL jll- j^jJu v_^

\ ^jaJ^ jl ^jJi L^'j-^'c^-H ^-^^^J J-**^

j JLi V

to threaten ,j^ jI^l, j^l, .j^.

depressed .^j^ jlji ^i^l^ j^>. ,.,/>

\v\

Arabic-English Glossary ob>*M

well

falcon

miserly

let's start )jL2

to seem jj-^-ij.,

the wildil'^-Jl

innocent (person) ^j-.

eyesight

merchandise ixL^-

duck ikl

to slow down (*a u/j-LL-.i) IV

slow .^L.

stomach, inside

to send vi, < >j

one to the other ^^ ^Ji ^remain, stay (imperative) j_J

to keep, retain (^fl.j-^JL>i) IV

remaining, staying, living *U_,

left-overs LjULi

crying, weeping .111

doorman .-Jj-

to follow ^Ili

dates

to repent ^^-s^Li ^J_,

revenge

fox (wJLxJi . E)1' -

ruit. produce jL^i. j-i

valuable jy^h ^during *Uiii .>"

clothes ^LJi

father (i .) v i

jackal (^ji ^Lii . c ) ^/i j^l

weasel ^j-* J-? 1

reward ^i j^i

fee, wage s^i

appointed time (of -death) jli J*'

for him, for his sake 4-laJ j_*

afterlife i^'\ >'

behind i^Ly*

culture, literary knowledge ^ji

ear 0-"

to hurt, harm ^jjl-^ji tfji

harming JiJ

to take as a prisoner ^Ju ^-*-ul

origin

to make sure (jZc^-jZ'c*) V &certain \ ji

grass-eater

.

.t.'^ 1 1 Ji Ji

pain H'

to hurt^^-fjj) IV

mother (^L^li .^) fi

to order j-oL-^i j_aI

matter, affair ^i

to conspire (^'Qj-^l:) VI

conspirator j-oLil

hope jloi

safe j-ci j-ai

safety jLoi

security, safety j^i

confiding in jl nV.i

to moan j_i_,-

nose v.

acting slowly ^ili ^_

those JJJj'

to happen jlA^-^ ^^to tell, narrate II

cautiousJ^

plowman jji^ ^to burn, set on fire j^_,-j'^

sadness jjl

to envy ^

grass ^ _-* Vto get, obtain ^ jl^

to prepare II

to bring IV

lap

firewood

to dig^-^hole -Aj \\

more deserving j^j

truth

to have feelings of hatred ^-^malice (jU^i .

c ) ^wisdom < A

to interfere V JLj to

to call upon, summon jj:j^-Lc'j ^j

to get warm tixj-^j

to bury^ij-i-^Jj

to indicate, show, guide j'j-j-Jj

hanging JlL* ^j

blood (*Lo .^) fj

to take place, break out jjjI-jIj jjj

turn jjj

cure(L.jji . c ) Jjj ^jj

on credit ^l'j

wolf ^lj

clever ^'j

to be humiliated j'ju-j'j

guilt ^j ^-ij

guilty ^jl

tail s_*l'j

tail jl'j

to see ^j^-^ij

to show (^-^j!) IV

to tieL-.jj

to raise (^1-^)11

his (two) feet, legs < .kj

compassion

sound, in good health

poison

(to give) permission ^b>!...

to become fat ^..,^-j^l^

fat (noun)

fat (adjective) eg .^u

traveler, wanderer ^LL-

wall

to raise e^-^jto throw

to be equal to (^jL-^-^jl ) 1 1

1

tO flOW J n.j-JU* J_^

to perceive an evil (*'cU^-**Li2) VI *Li

omen

young person, youth L,Li L^i

to satisfy, fill IV ^_^i

lion cub J-^i

to curse ^ "/;. j-f">>>

intensity Sj-i j-i

evil (person)(ji^i ) V-l

condition (iaj^li.^) la'^li

honor wij-*i

partnership /*"

May He be exalted! J^L^j ..,

to kneel down j ^ . .. j-A . .,putting in jail j\ ...

clouds ^1 % ,., ,,,^ ,

magician (&j^ ... .^) ^Li j^ ,,,

shore J^L^ J-* ...

secret (jlj_*J .^) ^> ^^

happiness jjj^

crab jjLiaj-i-u j^Joj-mi

roof g*U',

happy jj.

to fall

to give to drink ^JL^-^^il^

to be quiet, silent c^m,,-,^ ...

basket ll- J

turtle ftli^h,, wiuJ ,.,

to skin ^l.,._.-^L^

authority jlU ...

to climb V

Y.\

huge

to harm j.a >-^b

harmful jLb

harm jj^

weakness

to squeeze Ui .Aj-

Hnrtnr (J . Li ^). .,1 ^L

nature (^L_L .^) U tdismissing ;>

end w_ij_U

soft t/-^

to feed IV Hfood fUJa

to float j a In j-LLL

seeker ^J Lis

to be greedy ^J^-^L

greed ^Jo

to obey fcjUj-gUai) IV

to be long JjJ^-JLL

to fly jjUj-jLLa

Ji

j & u

ft In

lUSt 6j

consulting ajIn.nJ

to point; to give advice (j-ju^-jLii) IV

to consult(jjUjl.- jjLij;) VI

to be patient ^^^-

finger ^.^i

correctness

to hang onto V

person of knowledge (*1 Jr .^) ^JU

sign Lc

blind cr^i

to hug, embrace III

to concern ^J^-^^i

taking care of c

to be accustomed (jIi_j-jLlcI) VIII

custom 6jU

assistants u'j^'1

to borrow (j . /".,,, j-jU ".,!) X

to live ^t. ^ j-^lU

live (imperative) [^to appoint (^^1*4-^11) II

stupid (person)

to betray j^-jj-c

to leave III

treacherous jbi

pond j_iji.

arrogance, conceit jjjJ.

conceited jjj*-*

raven (jL,^ .^) v l^i

exile, diaspora ^^i

strange^^to drown j

gazelle, deerjl^i

to wash

to anger IV

angry ^ii

dominantwJU

r1-

C^

u^

-*

J-^

v^

-Jxi.

slave (.\ i/r .) jll

Hebrew i ? r

old (person) j>^c

hurry Ikx

to be ready (j',, lir jr. ,.,1) X

justice

to treat as an enemy (^jLil-^Lt)III

enmity, hostility Sjljl

enemy (J.ui .^) jjl

aggression jij.il

torture ^lic

excuse

cartel

favor v^ij^jL-o

nakedness

dearest, most cherished ^li

to play (an instrument) ^j j.

honey

to nest (jt,Vtj-j^,f) II

grass

cane, stick 1 .^r

to bite V^

bone (fLLx. .^)

to forgive ^L^-Ul

health, well-being L^iU

punishment vLLc

necklace ^L:

knot d^Lc

mind, sense jil

sensible, wise Jilx

d^

J-c

comingfjjJa

fj cave 6jLi_* jji

dirty j^ to be absent, away _. : ; :-_.i ; ._. .;

lottery IxjJ t^5 forest s. a

to spend (time) ^.^ :-^ .ai v^ Jjudge ^Li mouse jLi

fate and divine decree jslj -\ .~'* a x juti

cat ki to subject to temptation ^^^-jii vjLa

cutting JaJfl sacrifice Jxi ^jJ

piece ^ baby bird (qIj-a ^) >jumping ^ii bed, bedding ^ij-a ^j-

heart Ji chance c^oj-fl u^j*to be worried jJJLj-jU empty^jLi jj

wheat c^ superiority jlka J.^a

louse a tO gOUge OUt uLLj-uLi

value 4 njfl ijJ

so

to lose .lift j-.ii.fl

fruit i^li ^li

and so (person) j^Li jL*

j mouth ^.8

as if J* leopard (j^J .^) ^such and such lj to be of use, benefit (.ma .-jLai) IV ^

to lie v j-i-v'j V^ benefit, use i^lLi

lying ^ji elephant (

to sway J^-JU

leaning J1L*

O

to grow c..'i

result />'

to pluck ,.&:>>

carpenter jlli

to escape j r j :-i ?'

escape 6L=J.

area, direction L

to be sorryfj

to call (^1^1-^1^)111

hermit (JlL^ .^) J ...L.

women *LuJ

to forget ^Jl

to spread /.v. ,-^1^1

saw jl ,;, ', o

to set v_*1olA_

to advise ^\^\\-^\^\ ^ ,,v,

advice < - .

J~

to look jU \j-jlL

to blow a\j-^fl-.

to benefit, be of use /._.-.'. ^jj

beneficial _iL>

hypocrite j-iLil jiJ.

to croak ^-^"^-^

to save IV JiJL.

to peck Jli^-Jl*

to decrease, go down ^~~&\:- ~i\

tiger( JJH*l .r) ^growth \1^ ^

finishing, completing JL^l

treasure

to be on the verge of jIIj-jIS

status J>J >J>J

malicious (V Vl ^V

to catch up with j\ I j-j-*J

joy, pleasure i'iL jJ

to sting, bite ^", ,.I

j-^U

tongue jL-J j-mJ

thief (^^j^J .^)LkJ

kindness ,. a U I

tO Slapf U r-fJJ

to curse, damn j^xLj-jJJ

to shine ^Jj-^Jl

if not VjJ

I wish, if only -r A I

to be appropriate jjlj-jV jlJ

still JljU

the only thing you have to do V

I

cLJ-c L*

woman i\j^\ ij-o

together Ll ^goat 3-tU j--o

to enable II jL*

to be bored with jL-lU

to be filled (^li^-SLLJ) VIII bL.

to prevent , '^j-^i^ ^_Lo

preventing ^ll*

whatever

X. o

to give success to II

to fulfill (a promise) ^sL-^'j

loyalty *Lij

to fall iL-Jflj

happening >ij

prostitute^^u-oj-o

to accuse (^'i.-^ I) VIII

to dry ^uix-*-^-^

hand (^jJ .^) jl_

firefly ^Ul^l f^

awake

to bray

to finish (^4-^) IV

light ^fire jL,

type

.A

these *V>a

attack ^j-v a ^^ ft

to calm down i^-ijjb Jjj&

quiet, silence cjJa

to run away ^j^-VJjb

to get old f^j-f jj&

to ridicule i^j-^^jb ijj&

to concern, be of interest to ^-^*

to congratulate (^Vj j-'lla) II lIa

^

wedge ^j

to trust jiL?-Jhj

it is necessary that, duty w^Jj -*j

pain t*j

face, surface ^jbeing alone IjL'j ^j

beast, wild animal (J^j.^r) ^A^j

mud Jlj

good-bye Uljj t^predicament "LLjj jj

piece of paper Uijj Jjj

minister, advisor ( *l jjj .^) j^j'j j jj

wide lj t

j

be about to cilij ^lc cLiij

to describe; prescribe , . .-^homeland oj-'j

promise "j