Talent Development in Sports and Arts


Report Compiled by

Njonjo K.S., Rugo A.M., and Muigei, N.C.

Institute of Economic affairs

5th Floor, ACK Garden House

1st Ngong Avenue

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Fax: +254-20-2716231

Cell: +254-724-256510, +254-733-272126

Email: [email protected]

Website: www.ieakenya.or.ke

UNICEF and IEA-Kenya

Design and Layout,

Sunburst Communication Ltd.

Tel: +254-20-312328

Email: [email protected]

ii


Tables and Figures iv

Acknowledgements vi

Introduction 1

Findings and Results of the sports survey 3

Findings and results of the arts survey 24

Appendix I: Sports Questionnaire 35

Appendix II: Arts Questionnaire 40

Content Page

iii


List of TablesTable 1: The Age of Respondents 3

Table 2: Highest level of Education 4

Table 3: The sport played 4

Table 4: Age at which respondents began to play 5

Table 5: Level of competition participated in 6

Table 6: Place of skill development 8

Table 7: Time spent on training per week (Hrs) 8

Table 8: Train in private or public facility 9

Table 9: Cost of training per session (KShs) 10

Table 10: Advantages of training 10

Table 11: Disadvantages of training 11

Table 12: Other public facilities known to the respondent 12

Table 13: Well known coaches 13

Table 14: Importance of Medical Insurance 14

Table 15: Number with medical insurance 15

Table 16: Challenges encountered by sports people 15

Table 17: Proposals to overcome challenges stated above 16

Table 18: Extent to which this sport is developed competitively in Kenya 16

Table 19: Extent to which this sport has developed infrastructure 17

Table 20: Extent to which this sport has financial support from the government 17

Table 21: Extent to which this sport has financial support from the private sector 18

Table 22: Extent to which this sport is popular among the Kenyan public 19

Table 23: Extent to which Kenya performs well globally in this sport 19

Table 24: Does the respondent play for a club? 20

Table 25: Benefits of playing for a club 20

Table 26: Organization and type of support 21

Table 27: Have a decent livelihood from sports 22

Table 28: Average monthly income from sports 22

Tables and Figures

iv


Table 29: % of Sports People Involved in Formal Employment 23

Table 30: Types of Formal Employment Sports People Involved in 23

Table 31: Highest Level of Education 25

Table 32: Type of Artist 25

Table 33: Other Activities Carried Out By Part-Time Artists 26

Table 34: Age when Artist began to Perform 27

Table 35: Profits Realized from the Sales made 28

Table 36: Extent to which Art is Promoted in Schools 28

Table 37: Extent to which the form of Art has private and public infrastructure 29

Table 38: Extent to which the form of Art has financial support from the government 29

Table 39: Extent to which the form of Art has financial support from the private sector 30

Table 40: Extent to which the form of Art is popular among Kenyan public 30

Table 41: Extent to which Kenya has high global ranking in this art 30

Table 42: The Artists Capacity of Performance 31

Table 43: Training school and country 31

Table 44: Time spent training in the art 31

Table 45: Available Private Training Schools 32

Table 46: Available Public Training Schools 32

Table 47: Challenges faced in the arts 33

Table 48: The average monthly income from the arts 34

List of FiguresFigure 1: Respondents by Gender 3

Figure 2: Age at which respondents began to play 6

Figure 3: Capacity of engagement 7

Figure 4: Where skills were developed (school & country) 7

Figure 5: Aware of private sector support 21

Figure 6: Age Distribution of Respondents 24

Figure 7: Gender of Respondents 24

Figure 8: Time Allocated to Art (Part Time or Full Time) 26

Figure 9: Level of Performance 27

Figure 10: Awareness of Private Sector Support 33

v


The IEA Kenya and UNICEF would like to thank the all the persons who filled the questionnaires and availed the relevant documents.

Particularly we thank Mr. David H. Otieno for his technical support in analyzing the data. Spe-cial appreciation goes to Mr. Kimanzi Muthengi of UNICEF for all the helpful suggestions during the preparation of the report.

Acknowledgements

vi

Talent Development in Sports and Arts vii

Talent Development in Sports and Artsviii


Talent has been described by several theorists as a special innate set of skills and abilities. Some scholars argue that it accounts for varying proportions of creativity in a person. However, raw talent in itself is not sufficient. It needs to be developed. Components necessary for the devel-opment of that creativity include; knowledge; technical capability; personality characteristics; work habits and an internal drive which can be influenced significantly by the social environ-ment.

According to Amabile (2001)1, if we wish to nurture the next generation of creative scientists, artists, writers etc, our task is first to identify children who are gifted and talented and then to provide them with the best opportunities.

UNICEF and MOYAS assert that in Kenya, there lacks a baseline survey of institutions provid-ing talent based services in sports and performing arts. The market value of the talent based industry and un-tapped opportunities need to be established in order to inform the on-going piloting of the Talent Academy. IEA conducted a baseline survey in the sports and arts sector to establish the infrastructure avail-able for development of talent as well as the extent nurtured talent in individuals has provided a means of livelihood.

The data collection instrument2 was filled in by sports men and women preparing to go for the commonwealth games as well as young swimmers representing different schools in Nairobi from Aqua club. The second data collection instrument was filled in by various artists ranging from dancers, story tellers, musicians, poets, comedians, actors/actresses and DJs. Access to the target population, delays in response or no response at all were some of the field challenges experienced in the field.

The research instruments were administered physically and electronically for wider reach to re-spondents who were out of physical reach to minimize on cost. Telephone conversations were held to clarify questions and E-mails sent to give more information requested by respondents. A formal introductory letter signed by the researcher accompanied the questionnaires. The letter introduced the subject and the purpose of the study. At the end of administering the question-naires, the researcher collected the questionnaires and prepared them for analysis. The findings are presented in tables, graphs and charts in this report.

Overall findings indicate that a considerable number of people engaging in sports have sec-ondary school education. Most sports people engage in professional sports. Their skills were nurtured in learning institutions and further refined, mostly in-country at institutions of higher

1 Introduction

1. Amabile, T. M. (2001). Beyond Talent. American Psychological Association, 56 (4) 2. Is annexed

1


learning. Time spent in practice varies but most sports people train in private institutions where the average cost of training is Kshs. 200.00. Sports people find this expensive and desire to have more refined public sporting institutions. A considerable number of sports people have medi-cal insurance. The biggest challenge in sports is financial resources and government support is seen to be below average while private sector support is seen to be considerable higher. The Kenyan public is seen to be very supportive of sports and there is the general agreement that Kenya performs very well globally in sports. Most sports people say that they make a decent living out of sports but the income is understated, may be to avoid tax queries. A considerable number of those engaged in sports are also formally employed in the private as well as well the public sector.

Most artists have university level of education with a considerable number of them working in art on a full time basis. The ages at which the artists began to perform and time spent rehearsing varies considerably. Artists feel that the sector has inadequate private and public infrastructure and very low financial support from the government and the private sector. Considerable profits are realized from art. Most respondents also say that they can make a decent living out of art but the earnings stated are very low, indicative of understated wages.

2


2.1 Section A: Demographic Information of the Respondents

2.1.1 The Age of Respondents

Table 1: The Age of Respondents

Age Frequency Percent Valid Percent

Valid 11 - 15 12 18.8 18.8

16 - 20 9 14.1 14.1

21 - 25 14 21.9 21.9

26 - 30 9 14.1 14.1

31 - 35 5 7.8 7.8

36 - 40 3 4.7 4.7

41 - 45 1 1.6 1.6

Other 11 17.2 17.2

Total 64 100.0 100.0

22% of the respondents are aged between 21 and 25 followed by 19% of those aged between 11 and 15. Those aged between 16 and 20 and those aged 26 and 30 formed 14% each of the respondents.

2.1.2 Gender of Respondents63.3% of the respondents were male and 36.7% or respondents were female. This could be indicative of more men than women participating in sports.

Figure 1: Respondents by Gender

2 Findings and Results of the Sports Survey

Female 37%

Male 63%

3


2.1.3 Highest level of Education

Table 2: Highest level of Education

Education level Frequency Percent Valid Percent

Valid Primary 18 28.1 28.6

Secondary 31 48.4 49.2

Tertiary 6 9.4 9.5

University 8 12.5 12.7

Total 63 98.4 100.0

Missing System 1 1.6

Total 64 100.0

49.2% of the responds had secondary school education while 28.6% had primary school edu-cation. Only 12.7% had university education and 9.5% had tertiary education.

2.2 Section B: About the Sport Played

2.2.1 The sport played

Table 3: The sport played

Sport Frequency Percent Valid Percent

Valid Basketball 1 1.6 1.6

Swimming 24 37.5 38.1

Athletics 22 34.4 34.9

Tennis 2 3.1 3.2

Rugby 3 4.7 4.8

Other 11 17.2 17.5

Total 63 98.4 100.0


Total 64 100.0 38% of the respondents were swimmers, and 35% were athletes. 4.8% played rugby, 3.2%, tennis, 1.6% Basketball and 17.5% played other sports.

4


2.2.2 Age at which respondents began to play

Table 4: Age at which respondents began to play

Age of Play Frequency Percent Valid Percent

Valid 2 1 1.6 1.6

3 5 7.8 8.2

4 5 7.8 8.2

5 6 9.4 9.8

6 6 9.4 9.8

7 1 1.6 1.6

8 3 4.7 4.9

10 8 12.5 13.1

11 1 1.6 1.6

12 2 3.1 3.3

13 2 3.1 3.3

14 4 6.2 6.6

15 4 6.2 6.6

16 2 3.1 3.3

17 2 3.1 3.3

18 3 4.7 4.9

20 3 4.7 4.9

22 1 1.6 1.6

25 1 1.6 1.6

26 1 1.6 1.6

Total 61 95.3 100.0


Total 64 100.0 78.6% of all respondents began to playing the sport before the age of 15 with the majority start-ing at the age of 3 to 10 years as illustrated on table 4 and figure 2 .

5


Figure 2: Age at which respondents began to play

2.2.3 Level of competition participated in

Table 5: Level of competition participated in

Competition level Frequency Percent Valid Percent

Valid Village / Estate 5 7.8 7.8

District 6 9.4 9.4

Provincial 14 21.9 21.9

National 13 20.3 20.3

Africa 7 10.9 10.9

International 19 29.7 29.7

Total 64 100.0 100.0

30% of the respondents had participated at the international level while 22% had participated at the provincial level. 20% had participated at the national level while 11% had participated at the Africa level of competition.

1

Age began to play

11 11 1

5 5

6 6

2 2 2 2

4 4

3 33

8

No. of Respondents5 10 15 20 250

9876543210

Age b

egan

to pl

ay

6


2.2.4 Capacity of engagement

Figure 3: Capacity of engagement

56% of the respondents were professional sports persons whereas 44% were amateur sports persons.

2.2.5 Where skills were developed (school & country)

Figure 4: Where skills were developed (school & country)

95% of the respondents indicated that their skills were developed internally (in the country) while 5% of the respondents indicated that their skills were developed externally (outside Ke-nya). The specific institutions are highlighted in table 7.

Amateur 44%

Professional 56%

External Training 5%

Internal Training 95%

Place of Skill Development

7


Table 6: Place of skill development

Internally Externally

Aqua Kenya, Lavington Baum Academy Mauritius

GSU training school, Kenya University of Arizona, USA

Kenya Police College, Kiganjo

Kergung Pri. Sch.

Kipsoen Sec. Sch. Keiyo

Kosivai Sec. Sch. Nandi

Kwanthanze Sec. School Machakos

Kwanza, Kenya

Lavington Pri. Kenya

Nairobi Academy, Kenya

Nakuru, Kenya

Premier club

St. Austin, Kenya

St. Patricks Sch. Iten

Starehe boys, Kenya

Umala Pri. Sch. Siaya

University of Nairobi

HPTC

PSTC

Over 50% of skills development in Kenya is in primary and secondary schools. Training is then enhanced in training/tertiary institutions and clubs.

2.2.6 Time spent on training per week (Hrs)

Table 7: Time spent on training per week (Hrs)

Training Time Frequency Percent Valid Percent

Valid 2 1 1.6 1.6

4 1 1.6 1.6

5 7 10.9 11.3

6 4 6.2 6.5

8


7 3 4.7 4.8

8 2 3.1 3.2

10 14 21.9 22.6

11 3 4.7 4.8

12 9 14.1 14.5

13 1 1.6 1.6

14 3 4.7 4.8

15 2 3.1 3.2

16 1 1.6 1.6

18 1 1.6 1.6

20 2 3.1 3.2

25 1 1.6 1.6

28 3 4.7 4.8

30 1 1.6 1.6

32 1 1.6 1.6

35 2 3.1 3.2

Total 62 96.9 100.0


Total 64 100.0 22% of the respondents spend at least 10 hours a week in training while 15% spend at least 12 hours training. 11% spend at least 5 hours in a week training.

2.2.7 Train in private or public facility

Table 8: Train in private or public facility

Training facility Frequency Percent Valid Percent

Valid Private 52 81.2 83.9

Public 10 15.6 16.1

Total 62 96.9 100.0


Total 64 100.0

9


84% of the respondents undertook their training in private training facilities and 16% undertook their training in public training facilities.

2.2.8. Cost of training per session (KShs)

Table 9: Cost of training per session (KShs)

Training cost in Kshs Frequency Percent Valid Percent

Valid 0 7 10.9 13.2

100 7 10.9 13.2

200 30 46.9 56.6

300 2 3.1 3.8

400 1 1.6 1.9

1,000 1 1.6 1.9

1,500 1 1.6 1.9

3,000 1 1.6 1.9

3,500 1 1.6 1.9

4,000 1 1.6 1.9

10,000 1 1.6 1.9

Total 53 82.8 100.0


Total 64 100.0 Training cost varies per session. However, about 70% of the respondents pay Kshs. 100.00 to Kshs. 200.00 for training per session. 13.2 % do not spend anything. The most expensive train-ing session costs an average of Kshs. 10,000.00

2.2.9 Advantages of training

Table 10: Advantages of training

Advantages Frequency Percent Valid Percent

Valid 21 32.8 32.8

A professional coach 10 15.6 15.6

Accessible 1 1.6 1.6

Always open 1 1.6 1.6

10


Coach available 2 3.1 3.1

Convenient 2 3.1 3.1

Earn money 1 1.6 1.6

Encouragement from others 1 1.6 1.6

Flexible 2 3.1 3.1

Free training 1 1.6 1.6

Gain fame 1 1.6 1.6

Good facilities 6 9.4 9.4

Interactive experience 1 1.6 1.6

Keeping !t 1 1.6 1.6

Modern facilities 1 1.6 1.6

Privacy 3 3.1 3.1

Provides Support 1 1.6 1.6

Safety 6 9.4 9.4

Security 1 1.6 1.6

Training Partners 1 1.6 1.6

Well Equipped 1 1.6 1.6

Total 64 100.0 100.0 The respondents had varying answers on the advantages of training. The majority (15.6 %) of the respondents indicated the presence of a professional coach, 9.4 % of the respondents cited good facilities and another 9.4% cited safety as a reason.

2.2.10 Disadvantages of training

Table 11: Disadvantages of training

Disadvantages Frequency Percent Valid Percent

Valid 35 54.7 54.7

Cold Pool 2 3.1 3.1

Condition Not Favourable 1 1.6 1.6

Di"cult Training 1 1.6 1.6

Distance 3 4.7 4.7

Easy Training 1 1.6 1.6

11


Expensive 12 18.8 18.8

Facility Not Maintained 1 1.6 1.6

Injuries 1 1.6 1.6

Lack Good Facilities 1 1.6 1.6

Lacks Facilities 1 1.6 1.6

Little Time Training 1 1.6 1.6

No Equipments 1 1.6 1.6

No Free Time 1 1.6 1.6

No Respect 1 1.6 1.6

Strict Rules 1 1.6 1.6

Total 64 100.0 100.0

19% of the respondents indicated that it was expensive to train whilst 4.7% of the respon-dents felt that the distance from the training facility was big.

2.2.11 Other public facilities known to the respondent

Table 12: Other public facilities known to the respondent

Other Facilities Frequency Percent Valid Percent

Valid 53 82.8 82.8

Kasarani Sports Centre 5 7.8 7.8

Kiganjo 1 1.6 1.6

MoW 1 1.6 1.6

Nyayo Stadium 3 4.7 4.7

Pumwani 1 1.6 1.6

Total 64 100.0 100.0

Public stadias provide alternative sporting facilities to sports men and women. 7.8% of the respondents know about Kasarani Sports Centre and 4.7% know about Nyayo stadium.

12


2.2.12 Well known coaches

Table 13: Well known coaches

Amos Korir 1

Ben Ayimba 3

Felix Ochieng 1

Gordon Tijiens 1

David Letting 3

Julius Kirwa 1

Elizabeth Olaba 2

Lamai 1

Gerald Atek 1

James lii 1

Jonathan Cassacrande 3

Kirwa 1

Mike Otieno 1

Milka 1

Mrs. Raburu 1

Stephen Mwaniki 5

Omonyalla 1

Paddy Okello 1

Patrick Sang 3

J Chelimo 1

Rab 1

J. Kitur 1

Kipruto 1

Sospeter Maina 1

John Anzira 1

Samuel Matete 1

Johnson Gungu 3

Kibet 1

Omondi 1

13


george kariuki 1

John Wroe 23

Claudio 1

Benjamin Kemboi 1

brent Mcain 1

Isaac 2

Peter 12

Alex 3

John Odhiambo 6

Mr. Sally 1

Paul Angar 2

Mr. Mureithi 3

The most well known coaches were John Wroe and Peter.

2.2.13 Importance of Medical Insurance

Table 14: Importance of Medical Insurance

Medical insurance Frequency Percent Valid Percent

Valid Very Important 51 79.7 82.3

Important 7 10.9 11.3

Less Important 1 1.6 1.6

Not Important 3 4.7 4.8

Total 62 96.9 100.0


Total 64 100.0

82% of the respondents said medical insurance was very important while 11% said it was impor-tant. Only 1.6% say it is less important and 4.8% indicate that it is not important.

14


2.2.14 Number with medical insurance

Table 15: Number with medical insurance

Have med. ins. Frequency Percent Valid Percent

Valid Yes 40 62.5 65.6

No 21 32.8 34.4

Total 61 95.3 100.0


Total 64 100.0

66% of the respondents say they have medical insurance cover while34.4% indicated that they do not have medical insurance cover.

2.2.15 Challenges encountered by a sports people

Table 16: Challenges encountered by sports people

Challenges Frequency Percent Valid Percent

Valid Financial 29 45.3 56.9

Training facilities 7 10.9 13.7

Sports Association 1 1.6 2.0

Government / Govt. policy 3 4.7 5.9

Coaching 3 4.7 5.9

Other 8 11.5 15.7

Total 51 79.7 100.0


Total 64 100.0

57% of the respondents said that they encounter financial challenges while 14% said they en-counter challenges of training facilities. 5.9% said that government policies posed challenges and another 5.9% said coaching posed challenges.

15


2.2.16 Proposals to overcome challenges stated above

Table 17: Proposals to overcome challenges stated above

Overcoming challenges Frequency Percent Valid Percent

Valid 30 46.9 46.9

Accountability 1 1.6 1.6

Cancel Less Important Activities 1 1.6 1.6

Financial Support 5 7.8 7.8

Free Training Facilities 1 1.6 1.6

Government Support 9 14.1 14.1

Heat Pool 2 3.1 3.1

Improve Facilities 1 1.6 1.6

Improve Management 1 1.6 1.6

Motivate New Sportspersons 1 1.6 1.6

Permanent Sponsor 6 9.4 9.4

Provide Free Training Equipment 2 3.1 3.1

Provide Health Services 1 1.6 1.6

Provide Quality Equipment 1 1.6 1.6

Stop Corruption 2 3.1 3.1

Total 64 100.0 100.0

14% of the respondents felt that government support would minimize some of the challenges sports people encounter. Permanent sponsorship (9.4%) and financial support would also help ease the challenges.

2.2.17 Extent to which this sport is developed competitively in Kenya

Table 18: Extent to which this sport is developed competitively in Kenya

Competitive game Frequency Percent Valid Percent

Valid No Extent 1 1.6 2.9

Small Extent 2 3.1 5.9

Large Extent 6 9.4 17.6

Very Large Extent 25 39.1 73.5

16


Total 34 53.1 100.0


Total 64 100.0

74% of the respondents indicated that their sport was to a very large extent well developed in Kenya as a competitive sport while 18% felt it was only developed to a large extent

2.2.18 Extent to which this sport has developed infrastructure

Table 19: Extent to which this sport has developed infrastructure

Infrastructure Frequency Percent Valid Percent

Valid N/A 1 1.6 3.0

No Extent 1 1.6 3.0

Very Small Extent 5 7.8 15.2




Total 33 51.6 100.0


Total 64 100.0

An analysis of the development of the sport infrastructure revealed that 39.4% of the respon-dents to a very large extent agree that their sport has developed infrastructure compared to 12% who felt that infrastructure is developed in their sport to a large extent. 27% felt that infrastruc-ture in their sport is developed to a small extent and 15% felt that infrastructure is developed to a very small extent.

2.2.19 Extent to which this sport has financial support from the government

Table 20: Extent to which this sport has financial support from the government

Financial support Frequency Percent Valid Percent

Valid N/A 3 4.7 9.1

No Extent 3 4.7 9.1


17





Total 33 51.6 100.0


Total 64 100.0

39% of the respondents stated that to a very large extent, their sport has financial support from the government while 15.2% felt that their sport had financial support by the government to a large extent. 12% felt that governments financial support was there to a small extent while 15.2% felt that governments support was there to a very small extent.

2.2.20 Extent to which this sport has financial support from the private sector

Table 21: Extent to which this sport has financial support from the private sector

Financial support private Frequency Percent Valid Percent

Valid N/A 1 1.6 3.0

No Extent 8 12.5 24.2





Total 33 51.6 100.0


Total 64 100.0 52% of the respondents felt that their sport had financial support from the private sector to a very large extent. 24% felt that the private sectors support not there and 12% felt that their sup-port was to a small extent

18


2.2.21 Extent to which this sport is popular among the Kenyan public

Table 22: Extent to which this sport is popular among the Kenyan public

Popular sport Frequency Percent Valid Percent

Valid N/A 2 3.1 5.9

No Extent 3 4.7 8.8





Total 34 53.1 100.0


Total 64 100.0

62% of the respondents felt that their sport was popular among Kenyans to a very large extent.

2.2.22 Extent to which Kenya performs well globally in this sport

Table 23: Extent to which Kenya performs well globally in this sport

Kenya performs Frequency Percent Valid Percent

Valid N/A 1 1.6 3.0

No Extent 2 3.1 6.1





Total 33 51.6 100.0


Total 64 100.0

55% of the respondents felt that Kenya Kenya performs well globally in this sport to a very large extent and 18% felt that Kenya performs well globally in this sport to a large extent.

19


2.2.23 Does the respondent play for a club?

Table 24: Does the respondent play for a club?

Play for club Frequency Percent Valid Percent

Valid Yes 36 56.2 83.7

No 7 10.9 16.3

Total 43 67.2 100.0


Total 64 100.0

84% of the respondents play for a club while 16% do not.

2.2.24 Respondents Benefits of playing for a club

Table 25: Benefits of playing for a club

Bene!ts Frequency Percent Valid Percent

Valid 45 70.3 70.3

Available facilities 1 1.6 1.6

Avails training time 1 1.6 1.6

Encourages competition 2 3.1 3.1

Financial support 2 3.1 3.1

Good coaching 3 4.7 4.7

Helps players keep !t 1 1.6 1.6

Improves talent 1 1.6 1.6

Provides more training time 1 1.6 1.6

Nurtures talent 1 1.6 1.6

Peer motivation 1 1.6 1.6

Players encouraged 1 1.6 1.6

Players interact 1 1.6 1.6

Social development 1 1.6 1.6

Sponsorship 1 1.6 1.6

Support provided 1 1.6 1.6

Total 64 100.0 100.0

20


Benefits listed for playing for a club include: good coaching (4.7%); financial support (3.1%) and encouraged competition (3.1%) among other reasons

2.2.25 Awareness of Private Sector Support

Figure 5: Aware of private sector support

Only 42% of those interviewed knew of private sector support in their sport while 58% did not know of private sector support.

2.2.26 Specific Organizations Providing Support and Type of Support

Table 26: Organization and type of support

Frequency Percent Valid Percent

Valid 52 81.2 81.2

KCC (Financial Support) 2 3.1 3.1

Provide (Cash And Land) 1 1.6 1.6

Safaricom (Financial Support) 7 10.9 10.9

Sponsors Team 1 1.6 1.6

Toy World 1 1.6 1.6

Total 64 100.0 100.0

Organizations supporting various sports do it in cash and/or in kind. The company most recog-nized by respondents is Safaricom followed by Kenya cooperative creameries (KCC).

No 58%

Yes 42%

Private Sector Support

21


2.2.27 Specific Organizations Providing Support and Type of Support

Table 27: Have a decent livelihood from sports

Livelihood Frequency Percent Valid Percent

Valid Yes 30 46.9 68.2

No 14 21.9 31.8

Total 44 68.8 100.0


Total 64 100.0

Analyzing whether sport provides a decent livelihood revealed that 68.2% agree that sport can earn one a decent living while 31.8% did not agree that sports could earn one a decent living.

2.2.28 Average monthly income from sports

Table 28: Average monthly income from sports

Monthly income Frequency Percent Valid Percent

Valid 0 - 5,000 22 34.4 62.9

5,001 - 10,000 4 6.2 11.4

10,001 - 20,000 2 3.1 5.7

20,000 - 50,000 3 4.7 8.6

50,001 - 100,000 3 4.7 8.6

100,000 and above 1 1.6 2.9

Total 35 54.7 100.0


Total 64 100.0

62.9% of the respondents earn on average a monthly income of between Kshs. 0 and Kshs. 5,000.00 while 11.4% earn a monthly income of between Kshs. 5,001.00 and Kshs. 10,000. 00. Only 2.9% of the sports person earn some monthly income of Kshs. 100,000 and above. These amounts however sound very low and the respondents may have under stated their income to avoid any tax queries especially because on table 27 above a whopping 68% said they had a decent livelihood from sports.

22


2.2.29 % of Sports People Involved in Formal Employment

Table 29: % of Sports People Involved in Formal Employment

Formal Employment Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent

Valid Yes 16 25.0 39.0 39.0

No 25 39.1 61.0 100.0

Total 41 64.1 100.0


Total 64 100.0 39% of the respondents were also formally employed while 61% were not in any form of formal employment.

2.2.30 Types of Formal Employment Sports People Involved in

Table 30: Types of Formal Employment Sports People Involved in

Bene!ts Frequency Valid Percent Cumulative Percent

Valid 56 87.5 87.5

Air Force 1 1.6 89.1

Banker 1 1.6 90.6

Business 1 1.6 92.2

Civil service 1 1.6 93.8

Community o"cer 1 1.6 95.3

Courier services 1 1.6 96.9

Prison warden 1 1.6 98.4

Swimming coach 1 1.6 100.0

Total 64 100.0 Sports people were also in the air force, banking, business, civil service, community work, cou-rier services, swimming and working as prison wardens.

23


3.1 Section A: Demographic Information of the Respondents

3.1.1 Age of Respondents

Figure 6: Age Distribution of Respondents

The majority of the respondents in the art sector were 26-30 years (47%), followed by 21-25 years olds (35%) as indicated on figure 6.

3.1.2 Gender of Respondent

Figure 7: Gender of Respondents

3 Findings and Results of the Arts Survey

Age Distribution of Respondents

26-3047%

21-2535%

31-3512%

36-406%

Gender of Respondents

Female 29%

Male 71%

24


A majority of the respondents were men (71%) compared to only 29% of women.

3.1.3 Highest Level of Education

Table 31: Highest Level of Education

Education level Frequency Percent Valid Percent

Valid Secondary 3 16.7 17.6

Tertiary 4 22.2 23.5

University 10 55.6 58.8

Total 17 94.4 100.0


Total 18 100.0

An analysis of the level of education of the respondents revealed that 58.8% of the artists had university level of education, 23.5% were college graduates while 17.6% had a secondary school certificate.

3.2 Section A: Demographic Information of the Respondents3.2.1 Type of Artist

Table 32: Type of Artist

Artist Frequency Percent Valid Percent

Valid Story Teller 1 5.6 5.6

Dancer 5 27.8 27.8

Poet 1 5.6 5.6

Musician 3 16.7 16.7

Actor / Actress 2 11.1 11.1

Comedian 1 5.6 5.6

DJ 1 5.6 5.6

Other 4 22.2 22.2

Total 18 100.0 100.0

Majority of the respondents were dancers (27.8%), followed by musicians (16.7%), actors and actresses (11.1%) then story tellers, poets, comedians and DJs each with 5.6% representation.

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3.2.2 Time Allocated to Art

Figure 8: Time Allocated to Art (Part Time or Full Time)

56% of the respondents were full time artists while 44% were part-time artists.

3.2.3 Other Activities Carried Out By Part-Time Artists

Table 33: Other Activities Carried Out By Part-Time Artists


Valid 10 55.6 55.6

Assistant Prog. O"cer -Kituo Cha Sheria 1 5.6 5.6

Business 1 5.6 5.6

Marketer 1 5.6 5.6

Producer 1 5.6 5.6

Radio and Tv Announcer 1 5.6 5.6

Researcher and Policy Analyst 1 5.6 5.6

French Translator 1 5.6 5.6

Volunteer 1 5.6 5.6

Total 18 100.0 100.0

Part-time artists also worked in NGOs, in the private sector, in the media, as volunteers and in think tanks as indicated on table 33. Of these, 53% consider themselves formally employed and 47% consider themselves informally employed.

Time allocated to the Art

Part time 44%

Full time 56%

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3.2.4 Age when Artist began to Perform

Table 34: Age when Artist began to Perform

Age began to perform Frequency Percent Valid Percent

Valid 3 1 5.6 5.9

7 1 5.6 5.9

8 2 11.1 11.8

10 2 11.1 11.8

12 2 11.1 11.8

13 1 5.6 5.9

14 1 5.6 5.9

15 2 11.1 11.8

17 1 5.6 5.9

18 2 11.1 11.8

20 1 5.6 5.9

24 1 5.6 5.9

Total 17 94.4 100.0


Total 18 100.0

The ages at which the artists began to perform vary. A comparable number of 11.8% each began their performance at ages 8 years, 10 years, 12 years, 15 years and 18 years. Others (5.9% each) began at age 3, 7, 13, 14, 17, 20 and 24.

3.2.5 Level of Performance

Figure 9: Level of Performance

Provincial National Africa International

1

8

3

6

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44% of the respondents had performed at the national level, 33% at the international level, 17% in Africa and 6% at the provincial level. 50% of the artists had packaged or recorded their work for sale, while another 50% had not.

3.2.6 Profits Realized from the Sales made

Table 35: Profits Realized from the Sales made

Pro!ts Frequency Percent Valid Percent

Valid 20,000.00 1 5.6 11.1

40,000.00 1 5.6 11.1

100,000.00 3 16.7 33.3

150,000.00 1 5.6 11.1

250,000.00 1 5.6 11.1

400,000.00 1 5.6 11.1

500,000.00 1 5.6 11.1

Total 9 50.0 100.0


Total 18 100.0

33.3% of the artists had realized profits of Kshs. 100,000.00. Other profits realized varied from Kshs. 20,000.00 to Kshs. 500,000.00 as illustrated on table 36 above. Cost of recording varied from Kshs. 7,000.00 to Kshs. 1.5 million.

3.2.7 Extent to which Art is Promoted in Schools

Table 36: Extent to which Art is Promoted in Schools

Art is promoted Frequency Percent Valid Percent

Valid n / a 1 5.6 5.6

no extent 2 11.1 11.1

very small extent 2 11.1 11.1

small extent 3 16.7 16.7

large extent 4 22.2 22.2

very large extent 6 33.3 33.3

Total 18 100.0 100.0

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33.3% of the respondents said that art is promoted in schools to a very large extent while 22% felt that art is only promoted in schools to a large extent. 17% of the respondents felt that art was promoted to a small extent, 11% to a very small extent and another 11% to no extent as indicated in table 36.

3.2.8 Extent to which the form of Art has private and public infrastructure

Table 37: Extent to which the form of Art has private and public infrastructure

Public & private infra Frequency Percent Valid Percent

Valid no extent 1 5.6 5.6





Total 18 100.0 100.0

39% of the respondents felt that their form of art had public and private infrastructure to a very small extent, 28% to a small extent while 17% to a large extent as indicated on table 37.

3.2.9 Extent to which the form of Art has financial support from the government

Table 38: Extent to which the form of Art has financial support from the government

Govt. support Frequency Percent Valid Percent

n / a 5 27.8 27.8

no extent 7 38.9 38.9



Total 18 100.0 100.0

39% of the respondents said that government financially supported the form of art to no extent, 22% to a very small extent and 11% to a small extent.

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3.2.10 Extent to which the form of Art has financial support from the private sector

Table 39: Extent to which the form of Art has financial support from the private sector






Total 18 100.0 100.0

39% of the respondents said that private sector financially supported the form of art to a small extent, 33% to a very small extent and 17% to a large extent.

3.2.11 Extent to which the form of Art is popular among Kenyan public

Table 40: Extent to which the form of Art is popular among Kenyan public





Total 18 100.0 100.0

44% of the respondents said that their form of art was popular among the Kenyan public to a large extent, 28% to a small extent and another 28% to a very large extent.

3.2.12 Extent to which Kenya has high global ranking in this art

Table 41: Extent to which Kenya has high global ranking in this art

Pro!ts Frequency Percent Valid Percent





Total 17 94.4 100.0

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Total 18 100.0

35% of the respondents said that Kenya had a high global tanking in this art to a very small extent, 29% to a large extent, 18% to no extent and another 18% to a small extent.

3.2.13 The Artists Capacity of Performance

Table 42: The Artists Capacity of Performance


Valid Professional 9 50.0 50.0

amateur 9 50.0 50.0

Total 18 100.0 100.0

50% of the artists perform as professionals and 50% perform as amateurs. About 22% of the artists were mentored and 17% developed their talents in highschools.

3.2.14 Training schools attended by artists

Table 43: Training school and country

Training school and country

Berklee, USA

KCC, Kenya

Kenya National Theatre, Kenya

Kenya School of Adventure and Leadership

Medeva Kenya

Music Technology Academy, Kenya

Phoenix Theatre, Kenya

3.2.15 Time spent training in the art

Table 44: Time spent training in the art


Valid 2 3 16.7 20.0

3 1 5.6 6.7

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6 2 11.1 13.3

10 1 5.6 6.7

12 4 22.2 26.7

30 1 5.6 6.7

35 2 11.1 13.3

40 1 5.6 6.7

Total 15 83.3 100.0


Total 18 100.0

26.7% of the artists spent on average 12 hours in training and practice, 20.0 % spent 2hours, 13.3% spent 6 hours and 35 hours in training as indicated on table 44.

3.2.16 Available Private Training Schools

Table 45: Available Private Training Schools

Available Private Training Schools

Daystar university

MEDEVA

National outward bound school

Phoenix theatre

The conservatoire

Toastmasters club Table 45 shows the private training schools known to the artists.

3.2.17 Available Public Training Schools

Table 46: Available Public Training Schools

Available Public Training Schools

Kenya School of Adventure and Leadership

Kenyatta University

KIMC

Moi University

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Table 46 shows the public training schools known to the artists.

3.2.18 Awareness of Private Sector Support

Figure 10: Awareness of Private Sector Support

41 of the respondents were aware of private sector support while 59% were not aware. Some organizations specified as private sponsors of various arts include: Deliverance church; EABL; Nation meida; PSI; Safaricom and USAID.

3.2.19 Challenges faced in the arts

Table 47: Challenges faced in the arts


Valid 1 5.6 5.6

Disrespect from elders 1 5.6 5.6

High production costs 1 5.6 5.6

Lack costumes 1 5.6 5.6

Lack of funds 6 33.3 33.3

Lack public appreciation 1 5.6 5.6

Lack professionals 1 5.6 5.6

Low audience turnout 1 5.6 5.6

No permanent trainer 1 5.6 5.6

Poor pay 4 22.2 22.2

Total 18 100.0 100.0

No 59%

Yes 41%

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33% of the respondents felt that the biggest challenge in the arts sector was financial resources followed by poor pay (22%). Other reasons included disrespect, high production costs, lack of costumes, lack of public appreciation, lack of professionals, low audience turnout, and no per-manent trainers as indicated on table 48. 33% of the respondents felt that government should invest more in the sector while 17% wanted private sector investment. 11% would like a pro-fessional body set. Interestingly though was the fact that 78% of the respondents felt that art provides a decent livelihood while 22% felt otherwise. Average monthly incomes varied as indicated on table 48

Table 48: The average monthly income from the arts

Monthly income Frequency Percent Valid Percent

Valid 0 - 5,000 1 5.6 5.6

5,001 - 10,000 6 33.3 33.3

10,001 - 20,000 2 11.1 11.1

20,001 - 50,000 2 11.1 11.1

50,001 - 100,000 5 27.8 27.8

100,000 and above 2 11.1 11.1

Total 18 100.0 100.0

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Appendix I: Sports Questionnaire

Section A: Demographic Information of the Respondent

1. Name

2. E-mail Address

3. Phone Number

4. Age (tick the relevant age range)

11-15 16- 20 21-25

26-30 31-35 36-40

41-45 46-50 51-55

56-60 61-65 Other (Specify)

5. Gender: Male Female

6. Highest Level of Education

Primary

High school/ secondary

Tertiary College

University level (specify) PHD Masters Undergraduate

Other (Specify)

Instructions:

1. Please Check the preferred response and complete the blank spaces appropriately.

2. If you are !lling the questionnaire online kindly check the box, right click your mouse and select properties. Under Default values, click checked on the appropriate answer you would like to give and click ok. Ensure that there is a tick on the check box enabled, which you !nd under !eld settings.

3. In case you prefer to !ll in the questionnaire manually, kindly check or Tick the ap-propriate box.

4. If a question is not applicable to you as a respondent please write N/A on the relevant space

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7. Educational Backgound or Profession e.g Economics, Accounts etc

Section B: About the Sport You Play

8. What kind of sport do you play?

Basketball Swimming Athletics

Boxing Football Tennis

Hockey Rugby Golf

Auto racing Chess Gymnastics

Handball Volleyball Karate

Taekwondo Other (Specify)

9. At what age did you begin /discover your talent? E.g 2 yrs

10. What levels of participation have you competed in, in this sport? Participant can check or tick more than one

Village /Estate Location District level

Provincial National Africa

Internationally (Specify Country)

11. In what capacity do you engage with your sporting activities

Professional Amateur (if amateur, skip question 12).

12. If you play on a professional capacity, specify where you developed your skills? (E.g.Training school/Coaching, specify - name and location )

Name the specific training school and country where the school os located

13. How much time do you spend on average per week training? E.g. 10 hours

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14. Do you train in a private or public facility?

Private (Specify which one and how much it costs in Kshs. per training session)

Public (Specify which one and how much it costs in Kshs. per training session)

15. What are the advantages and disadvantages of training in that (Refering to Qs. 14) facil-ity?

Advantages: Disadvantages: a. a. b. b.

16. List other training facilities you know of in your sport Private: Public: a. a. b. b.

17. Who are the 2 (two) well known coaches in the sport you play a. b.

18. How is medical insurance important for you as a sports man?

Very Important Important

Less Important Indifferent

Not Important

19. Do you have medical insurance Yes No

20. What are the challenges you encounter as a sportsperson (the respondent can tick/check more than one answer)

Financial Training Facilities

Sports Association Government & /or Government policy

Coaching Other

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21. What can be done to overcome the challeges you encounter (Refering to Qs. 18) in your sport?

a. b.

22. In order to measure the success of this sport in Kenya, kindly indicate to what extent:

Very Large Extent

Large Extent

Small Extent

Very small Extent

No Extent N/A

This sport is developed as a com-petitive game e.g. in schools or for competition in national, regional and global events?

This sport has developed infrastructure (such as training facilities) countrywide?

This sport has !nancial support from the government?

This sport has !nancial support from private sector?

This sport is popular among the Kenyan public?

Kenya perfoms well globally in this sport

23. Do you play for a club? / Are you a member of a sports club?

Yes (Specify which one)

No

24. What are the benefits of playing for a club / being a member of a sports club?

a. b.

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25. Are you aware of any private sector support to your sport?

Yes (Specify organization and type of support i.e. cash or in kind and estimated amounts or items donated in the last 2 years.)

No

26. Can one manage to have a decent livelihood from exclusively playing this sport?

Yes

No

27. What is your average monthly income (indicate in Kshs.) from playing that sport?

0-5000 5001-10,000

15,001-20,000 20,001-50,000

50,001-100,000 100,000 and above

28. Are you involved in formal/informal employment alongside your sport?

Yes (Specify type (formal or informal) and what you do e.g. banker, business person/where you work etc)

No

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Appendix II: Arts Questionnaire

Section A: Demographic Information of the Respondent

1. Name

2. E-mail Address

3. Phone Number

4. Age (tick the relevant age range)

11-15 16- 20 21-25

26-30 31-35 36-40

41-45 46-50 51-55

56-60 61-65 Other (Specify)

5. Gender: Male Female

6. Highest Level of Education

Primary

High school/ secondary

Tertiary College

University level (specify) PHD Masters Undergraduate

Other (Specify)

Instructions:

1. Please Check the preferred response and complete the blank spaces appropriately.

2. If you are !lling the questionnaire online kindly check the box, right click your mouse and select properties. Under Default values, click checked on the appropriate answer you would like to give and click ok. Ensure that there is a tick on the check box enabled, which you !nd under !eld settings.

3. In case you prefer to !ll in the questionnaire manually, kindly check or Tick the appropriate box.

4. If a question is not applicable to you as a respondent please write N/A on the relevant space

40


Section B: About Your Art

7. What kind of artiste are you?

Storyteller Visual Artist

Dancer Musician

Actor/Actress Comedian

Poet Dj

Artist (Specify e.g. painter, photographer)

Other (Specify)

8. Are you a full time or a part time artist?

Fulltime

Part-time (If part time what else do you do ? )

9. Where do you perform ?

TV Radio

Theatre Clubs

International festivals and organized events

10. At what age did you begin /discover your talent? E.g. 2 yrs

11. Of the following levels which ones best describe your coverage in regards to performance ?

Village /Estate Location

District level Provincial

National Africa

Internationally (Specify Country)

12. Have you packaged your work/recorded to sell to a wider audience in the past?

No Yes

a) If yes what have been the average profit realized?

b) How much did it cost to packaged your work/record ?

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13. In order to measure extent to which this form of art has developed in Kenya, indicate to what extent:

Very Large Extent

Large Extent

Small Extent

Very small Extent

No Extent N/A

This form of art is promoted in schools through extra curricular activities e.g. Music Festivals

This form of art has Private & Public infrastruture countrywide (such as social halls and theatre halls)

This form of art has !nancial sup-port from the government?

This form of art has !nancial sup-port from the private sector?

This form of art is popular among the Kenyan public

Kenya has a high global ranking in this form of art

14. How would you categorize your performance?

Professional (specify where you developed your skills, below) Name specific training school and country where the school is located

Amateur (specify how you developed your skills, below) Name specific mentor(s)

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15. List other formal training facilities /schools you know in your form of art

Private: Public: a. a. b. b.

16. How much time do you spend on average per week rehersing? E.g. 10 hours

17. Are you aware of any private sector support to your form of art ?

Yes (Specify organization and type of support i.e. cash or in kind and estimated amounts or items donated in the last 2 years.)

No

18. What are the challenges you face in your area of entertainment?

a. b.

19. What can be done to overcome the challenges you encounter in your form of art?

a. b.

20. Can one manage to have a decent livelihood from exclusively engaging in your form of art?

Yes No

21. What is your average monthly income (indicate in Kshs.) from your performances?

0-5000 5001-10,000

15,001-20,000 20,001-50,000

50,001-100,000 100,000 and above

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Talent Development in Sports and Arts44

Talent Development in Sports and Arts

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