TAKS Objective 4 The student will demonstrate an understanding of motion, forces, and energy.
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Transcript of TAKS Objective 4 The student will demonstrate an understanding of motion, forces, and energy.
TAKS Objective 4
The student will demonstrate an understanding of motion,
forces, and energy.
TEKS 7.8 Science concepts
The student knows that complex interactions occur between matter and energy. The student is expected to:
A. Illustrate examples of potential and kinetic energy in everyday life such as objects at rest, movement of geologic faults, and falling water.
For Teacher’s Eyes Only
What is energy?
The ability to do work.The ability to cause change.
Forms of Energy
Heat LightSoundChemicalAtomic (Nuclear)ElectricalMechanical
Categories of Energy
Kinetic (derived from the Greek root word “ kinein” which means “to move”)
Potential (derived from the Latin word “potere” which translates as “to be powerful”)
Potential Energy
All energy starts out as potential energy.
Exists due to an object’s condition or position.
Examples of Potential Energy
Food Wood Wind-up toy Light bulb
Electric pencil sharpener
Depends on:
Height above the earth
The higher it is, the more potential energy it has.
Weight
The heavier it is, the more potential energy it has.
Kinetic Energy
Occurs when potential energy is used or transformed into kinetic energy.
Kinetic energy can also be transferred from one object to another.
Kinetic Energy
Determined by the mass of the object and the velocity at which the object is moving.
Engage
Demonstration: Come back can
Exploration 1
• Activity: Illustrate the Moment
• Class Time: 20 minutes
• Objective: The learner will illustrate real-world examples of potential and kinetic energy.
Explain
• All matter possesses potential energy
• Potential energy becomes kinetic energy and produces motion.
• Any matter would represent potential energy as long as it is not moving.
• If matter is moving, kinetic energy is being used.
Exploration 2
• Activity: Break It Up!• Class Time: 15 minutes• Objective: The learner will
simulate how pressure affects layers of rock in an earthquake by applying pressure horizontally to layers of clay increasing potential energy.
Explain
Potential energy exists in all matter and all energy begins as potential energy, which may become kinetic energy.
Explain
• Potential energy exists due to an object’s position or condition.
• The condition of lateral pressure creates potential energy.
Explain
Kinetic energy occurs when potential energy is used or transformed into kinetic energy.
In this case, the potential energy created by pressure, changed to kinetic energy of upward motion.
Elaboration 1
• Experiment: High Roller
• Class Time: 15 minutes
• Objective : The learner will determine if potential energy due to height above the earth will affect kinetic energy of an object.
Explain
• Potential energy due to height above the earth is called “gravitational potential energy”.
• The higher the marble, the greater the potential energy and therefore the greater the kinetic energy.
Elaboration 2
• Experiment: Kinetic Mouse
• Class Time: 45 minutes
• Objective : Create a mouse that moves based on potential energy.
Explain
• Potential energy is created by the twisted rubber band.
• When released, potential energy is changed into kinetic energy.
Explain
Limitations to amount of
potential energy are:
1. Number of twists
2. Elastic strength of rubber
band.
Evaluate
Students will answer a written examination identifying objects as exhibiting either kinetic or potential energy.