Taking a Closer Look at Kingdom Eubacteria, Archaea and Viruses Objectives: 1. Compare and contrast...
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![Page 1: Taking a Closer Look at Kingdom Eubacteria, Archaea and Viruses Objectives: 1. Compare and contrast Eubacteria, Archaea and Viruses 2. Explain why viruses.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061305/55144b02550346414e8b4e2f/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Taking a Closer Look at Kingdom Eubacteria, Archaea
and VirusesObjectives:
1. Compare and contrast Eubacteria, Archaea and Viruses
2. Explain why viruses are not part of any of the 6 kingdoms
3. Discuss some benefits and negatives of bacteria
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Microscopic Organisms• Microscopic bacteria and viruses are the cause of
many diseases.– Respiratory infections– Flu– Plague
• They also play an important role in the ecosystem.– Recycling nutrients (convert nitrogen into a form plants can
use)– Production (Cheese, Yogurt, Vitamin K and B12)– Sewage Treatment– Digestion– Decomposer– Produce antibiotics (to compete with other bacteria)
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Prokaryotes• Domain Eubacteria and Archaea are single-
celled and lack membrane bound organelles.
• Extremely small• Dominate forms of life because they live in
every habitat– Inside and on other organisms (100 trillion+ on
your body!)– In water and soil (even deep within the Earth)– In boiling hot springs– In acid and even on and in ice!!! (Totally
extreme)
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Yellowstone National Park
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Cell Shapes
• Both Archaea and Eubacteria can be classified based on their shape..– Bacillus (rod shaped)
E.coli– Coccus (round)
Streptococcus
– Spirillum (spiral)
Spirillum minus
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Eubacteria
• Consist of a cell wall ( composed of __________________which makes the cell strong) and a plasma membrane surrounding the cytoplasm.
• Chromosome is ___________________________.
• Also may contain _______________(small loop of extra DNA with a few genes)
• Contains ribosomes which make ___________________
• Have flagellum for ______________________• ____________help cell attach to surfaces
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Metabolism
• Autotrophic bacteria: Make their own food– Cyanobacteria or blue-green algae, blue-green
bacteria
– Use energy from the sun (photosynthesis)
• Heterotrophic bacteria: Get nutrients from other organisms– Heterotrophic bacteria include parasitic types
– E.Coli - The products of their metabolism may be toxic to animals
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Reproduction - Asexually• Reproduce asexually by binary
fission.• Similar to mitosis
– DNA replicates– Cell elongates– Cell splits apart
• Also may be subject to mutations.– Bacteria reproduce rapidly so
mutations occur more frequently
• Bacteria can gain new DNA through infection by a virus or conjugation.
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• Conjugation: Form of sexual-like reproduction (two cells join and exchange genetic info.)
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Archaea
• Similar to bacteria in some ways…– Have a cell wall, but lack peptidoglycan– Different genetic information– Can occupy much more extreme
environments (acidic, boiling)
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SubgroupsMethanogens: Live in low oxygen environments
- Swamps, Sewage lagoons, Digestive tracts- Convert methane gas into energy
Halophiles: Salt lovers that live in environments that are very salty
- Dead Sea, Foods preserved by salt- Convert food molecules into energy
Extreme Thermophiles: Live in very hot environments (70 - 95ºC is optimal for growth)
Psychrophiles: Live in Antarctic and Artic environments
(-10 to – 20 ºC is optimal for growth)
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Viruses• Non–living infectious particles that
pass from cell to cell and organism to organism.
• They infect a cell and take over control forcing or tricking the cell into making copies of the virus.
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Your Turn
• Complete the hand out on ‘Comparing and Contrasting the structure and function of Prokaryotes, Eukaryotes and Viruses.
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Plenary
1. Compare and contrast Archaea and Eubacteria (how are they similar and different)
2. How do bacteria reproduce?
3. How are bacteria classified?
4. How are bacteria harmful/helpful?
5. Why are viruses considered to be non-living?
6. Compare and contrast virus and bacteria reproduction.
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Additional Questions
• H/W• Page 344 #1, 2, 4, 6, 7• Make a table to summarize the benefits of
bacteria and the harmful effects of bacteria