Takhar · 2019. 12. 14. · Province are vital in planning for future economic growth and the...

Islamic Republic of AfghanistanCentral Statistics Organization

Takhar

SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHICAND ECONOMIC SURVEY 2015

For more details, please contact:Central Statistics OrganizationName: Mr. Eidmarjan SamoonP.O.Box: 1254, Ansari Watt Kabul,AfghanistanPhone: +930202104338 E-Mail: [email protected]: www.cso.gov.afDesign: Julie Pudlowski Consulting/Reza AhmadiCover and inside photos: © UNFPA/CSO Afghanistan/2015

Takhar

SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHICAND ECONOMIC SURVEY 2015

The results of the Socio-Demographic and Economic Survey (SDES) in Takhar Province are vital in planning for future economic growth and the well-being of its people in the province. It is our role in the Government to ensure that official statistics particularly on demographic and socio-economic data are provided to all development planners, policy makers, researchers, program managers and Central Statistics Organization (CSO) stakeholders.

Reliable statistics describe the reality of people’s everyday lives. The SDES in Takhar reveals a young population in the province with a median age of 16. Moreover, about 47.1 percent of the population were below 15 years old at the time of the survey. In terms of literacy, the adult literacy rate (15 years old and over) was 28.1 percent while the youth literacy rate (15-24 years old) was 46.6 percent. There was a significant gap between male and female literacy rates since there were only 48 adult literate females for every 100 adult literate males. On the other hand, there were 67 female youth literates for every 100 male youth literates. Hence, this report provides valuable information on the gender gap issue on literacy as well as in providing data on the young population, among others. SDES is the only survey with reliable statistics available up to the district level.

This is the 8th SDES province that CSO together with United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) had undertaken. Despite challenges in conducting the survey, from the pre-enumeration phase up to the post-enumeration phase, let me take this opportunity to acknowledge the collective efforts of the people who were behind the success of this endeavor. Without the donors, this milestone will not be achieved.

Engr. Sher Mohammad JamizadaPresident General of CSO

MESSAGE FROM CSO

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Takhar

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Takhar Province Socio-Demographic and Economic Survey

Dr. Bannet NdyanabangiUNFPA Representative

An essential component of any development planning is data. The availability of data for development is still a constraint in Afghanistan. The SDES collects data on the size and age-sex distribution, education, migration, economic activity, fertility, mortality, birth registration, household and housing characteristics. In lieu of a census, the SDES provides up to date large scale data at the sub-national level. The SDES in Takhar Province is the 8th province to have been completed. It is a continuing project being rolled out to the remaining 26 provinces until 2019.

The UNFPA Afghanistan is fully committed in supporting the Government through its Central Statistics Organization (CSO) by extending technical support in the SDES operations. The commitment began when the SDES was first implemented in Bamiyan Province in 2011.

This achievement was attributed through the tremendous efforts of the CSO staff especially the people on the ground who collected the data from sample households; the supervisors and monitors who made sure that accurate information were gathered and field operations procedures were correctly followed; the donors who continue to recognize the importance of statistics in monitoring improvements in the lives of the people; and more importantly the CSO and UNFPA management who were dedicated in ensuring a job well done.

It is our hope that the SDES results in Takhar Province will serve as a benchmark in coming up with sound policies and programs that the people in Takhar will benefit from.

MESSAGE FROM UNFPA

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MESSAGE FROM CSO 1

MESSAGE FROM UNFPA 2

TABLE OF CONTENTS 4

TABLES 5

FIGURES 8

TEXT BOXES 11

ACRONYMS 12

1. TAKHAR PROFILE 13

2. INTRODUCTION 14

3. OBJECTIVES 14

4. METHODOLOGY 16

5. MONITORING AND SUPERVISION 17

6. DATA PROCESSING 17

7. POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS 18

8. LITERACY 31

9. EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT 35

10. MIGRATION 43

11. ECONOMIC ACTIVITY 50

12. FUNCTIONAL DIFFICULTY 68

13. FERTILITY 72

14. BIRTH REGISTRATION 76

TABLE OF CONTENTS

5

Takhar

Table 1 Percent Distribution of the Population by District: Takhar, September 2015

Table 2 Sex Ratio of the Population by Age Group and District: Takhar, September 2015

Table 3 Median Age in Years of the Population by District: Takhar, September 2015

Table 4 Percent Distribution of Population by Age Group, Aged-Child Ratio and District: Takhar, September 2015

Table 5 Age Dependency Ratios by District: Takhar, September 2015

Table 6 Singulate Mean Age at Marriage (SMAM) by Sex and District: Takhar, September 2015

Table 7 Literacy Rates for Males and Females by Major Age Group and District: Takhar, September 2015

Table 8 Percent Distribution of Total Population (Both Sexes) 25 Years and Above, by Highest Class Completed and District: Takhar, September 2015

Table 9 Percent Distribution of Male Population 25 Years and Above, by Highest Class Completed and District: Takhar, September 2015

Table 10 Percent Distribution of Female Population 25 Years and Above, by Highest Class Completed and District: Takhar, September 2015

TABLES

15. MORTALITY 79

16. PARENTS› LIVING STATUS 81

17. HOUSEHOLD CHARACTERISTICS 83

18. HOUSING CHARACTERISTICS 97

19. APPENDICES 107

20. REFERENCES 112

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Table 15 Percentage Distribution of Migrants by Residence in Nawroz 1390 and District: Takhar, September 2015

Table 16 Percentage of Population 15 Years or Older Who Worked by Literacy Status and District: Tahar, September 2015

Table 17 Percentage Distribution of Population 15 Years or Older Who Worked by Highest Class Completed and District: Takhar, September 2015.

Table 18 Percentage Distribution of Population 15 Years or Older Who Worked by Occupation Group and District: Takhar, September 2015

Table 19 Percentage Distribution of Population 15 Years or Older Who Worked by Industry Group and District: Takhar, September 2015

Table 20 Number and Percentage Distribution of Children 5-17 Years Old by Work Status, Sex, Age Group and District: Takhar, September 2015

Table 21 Percentage Distribution of Ever-Married Women Aged 15-49 Years by Number of Children Ever Born and Age of Women: Takhar, September 2015

Table 22 Mean Number of CEB Among Ever-Married Women Aged 15-49 Years by Age of Women and District: Takhar, September 2015

Table 23 TFR, GFR and CBR by District: Takhar, September 2015

Table 24 Proportion of Registered Births for Population Below 5 Years Old by Sex and District: Takhar, September 2015

Table 25 Estimates of Infant Mortality and Under-Five Mortality Rates by Sex: Takhar, September 2015

Table 26 Percentage Distribution of Households by Size, Average Household Size and District: Takhar, September 2015

Table 11 Net Attendance Ratio by Sex, Level of Education and District: Takhar, September 2015

Table 12 Proportion of Migrants by Previous Residence and District: Takhar, September 2015

Table 13 Percentage Distribution of Migrants by Duration of Stay in the Current Residence and District: Takhar, September 2015

Table 14 Percentage Distribution of Population by Place of Birth and District of Residence: Takhar, September 2015

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Takhar

Table 31 Percentage Distribution of Households by Main Construction Material of the Roof of the Housing Units and District: Takhar, September 2015

Table 32 Percentage Distribution of Households by Main Construction Material of the Outer Walls of the Housing Units and District: Takhar, Septembr 2015

Table 33 Percentage Distribution of Households by Main Construction Material of the Floor of the Housing Units and District: Takhar, September 2015

Table 34 Proportion of Households by Tenure Status of Housing Units and District: Takhar, September 2015

Table 35 Percentage Distribution of Households by Type of Toilet Facility and District: Takhar, September 2015

Table 36 Percentage Distribution of Households by Number of Dwelling Rooms at their Disposal and Household Size: Takhar, September 2015

Table 37 Percentage Distribution of Households by Number of Dwelling Rooms at their Disposal and District: Takhar, September 2015

Table 38 Percentage Distribution of Households by Number of Rooms Used for Sleeping and Household Size: Takhar, September 2015

Table A1 Indexes of Age Preference by District: Takhar, September 2015

Table A2 Age-Sex Accuracy Index by District: Takhar, September 2015

Table 27 Percentage Distribution of Households by Main Source of Drinking Water and District: Takhar, September 2015

Table 28 Percentage Distribution of Households by Main Source of Water for Cooking, Washing and Other Household Uses and District: Takhar, September 2015

Table 29 Proportion of Households by Type and Ownership of Livestock/Poultry and District: Takhar, September 2015

Table 30 Proportion of Households by Type of Asset/Facility Present in the Households and District: Takhar, September 2015

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Figure 1 Map of AfghanistanFigure 2 Population Density by District: Takhar, September 2015Figure 3 Population by Age and Sex: Takhar, September 2015Figure 4 Percent Distribution of Male Population by Marital Status and Age

Group: Takhar, September 2015Figure 5 Percent Distribution of Female Population by Marital Status and

Age Group: Takhar, September 2015Figure 6 Literacy Rate by Age Group and Sex: Takhar, September 2015Figure 7 Percentage Distribution of Male Population Aged 7 to 24 Who Were

Not Attending School at the Time of the Survey by Highest Class Completed and District: Takhar, September 2015

Figure 8 Percentage Distribution of Female Population Aged 7 to 24 Who Were Not Attending School at the Time of the Survey by Highest Class Completed and District: Takhar, September 2015

Figure 9 Proportion of Migrants by Sex and District: Takhar, September 2015 Figure 10 Percentage Distribution of Migrants in the Province by District:

Takhar, September 2015Figure 11 Percentage of Population 15 Years or Older by Work Status and

Sex: Takhar, September 2015Figure 12 Percentage of Population 15 Years or Older Who Worked in the

12 Months Prior to Survey by Sex and District: Takhar, September 2015

Figure 13 Percentage of Population 15 Years or Older by Work Status and District: Takhar, September 2015

Figure 14 Percentage of Population 15 Years or Older by Work Status and Age Group: Takhar, September 2015

Figure 15 Percentage Distribution of Population 15 Years or Older Who Did Not Work by Whether Available for Work or Not and District: Takhar, September 2015

FIGURES

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Takhar

Figure 16 Percentage of Population 15 Years or Older Who Were Not Working But Seeking or Available for Work by Sex and District: Takhar, September 2015

Figure 17 Percentage of Population 15 Years or Older by Work Status, Highest Class Completed and Sex: Takhar, September 2015

Figure 18 Percentage Distribution of the Population 15 Years or Older Who Worked by Occupation Group and Sex: Takhar, September 2015

Figure 19 Percentage Distribution of the Population 15 Years or Older Who Worked by Industry Group and Sex: Takhar, September 2015

Figure 20 Percentage Distribution of the Population 15 Years or Older Who Worked by Status of Employment and Sex: Takhar, September 2015

Figure 21 Percentage Distribution of the Population 15 Years or Older Who Worked by Status of Employment and District: Takhar, September 2015

Figure 22 Percentage Distribution of Working Children 5-17 Years Old by District: Takhar, September 2015

Figure 23 Percentage of Children 5-17 Years Old Who Worked by Sex and School Attendance: Takhar, September 2015

Figure 24 Percentage of Children 5-17 Years Old Who Worked by Age Group and School Attendance: Takhar, September 2015

Figure 25 Percentage Distribution of Working Children 5-17 Years Old by Sex and Occupation Group: Takhar, September 2015

Figure 26 Percentage of the Population 5 Years or Older with Functional Difficulty by Sex: Takhar, September 2015

Figure 27 Percentage of the Population 5 Years or Older with Functional Difficulty by District: Takhar, September 2015

Figure 28 Percentage of the Population 5 Years or Older with Functional Difficulty by Sex and Age Group: Takhar, September 2015

Figure 29 Percentage of the Population 5 Years and Older with Functional Difficulty by Type of Difficulty and Sex: Takhar, September 2015

Figure 30 Percentage of the Population 5 Years or Older with Functional Difficulty by Marital Status and Sex: Takhar, September 2015

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Figure 31 Age-Specific Fertility Rates of Takhar Province, Dasht-E-Qala, Namak Ab and Warsaj Districts: September 2015

Figure 32 Percentage of Registered Births for Population Below 5 Years Old by Sex: Takhar, September 2015

Figure 33 Percentage of Registered Births for Population Below 5 Years Old by District: Takhar, September 2015

Figure 34 Percentage of Orphaned Children Below 5 Years Old: Takhar, September 2015

Figure 35 Percentage of Orphaned Children Below 5 Years Old by District: Takhar, September 2015

Figure 36 Percentage Distribution of Households by Main Source of Energy for Cooking and District: Takhar, September 2015

Figure 37 Percentage Distribution of Households by Main Source of Energy for Heating and District: Takhar, September 2015

Figure 38 Percentage Distribution of Households by Main Source of Energy for Lighting and District: Takhar, September 2015

Figure 39 Proportion of Households with Access to Improved Drinking Water Source by District: Takhar, September 2015

Figure 40 Proportion of Households with Agricultural Land Owned by District: Takhar, September 2015

Figure 41 Proportion of Households with an Improved Sanitation Facility by District: Takhar, September 2015

Figure A1 Population in Single Year of Age by Sex: Takhar, September 2015

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Takhar

Text Box 1 Median AgeText Box 2 Total Dependency Ratio Text Box 3 Literacy Rate for 10 Years and OlderText Box 4 Literacy Rate for 15–24 Age Group Text Box 5 Highest Class CompletedText Box 6 Net Primary Attendance RateText Box 7 Proportion of Population 5 Years Old and Over with Functional

DifficultyText Box 8 Total Fertility Rate Text Box 9 Registered BirthsText Box 10 Early Childhood Mortality RatesText Box 11 Parents’ Living StatusText Box 12 Average Household SizeText Box 13 Proportion of Households Using Improved Drinking Water SourcesText Box 14 Proportion of Households Using Improved Sanitation Facility Text Box A1 Age Preference Indexes Text Box A2 UN Age-Sex Accuracy Index

TEXT BOXES

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ASFR Age-Specific Fertility RateCBR Crude Birth RateCEB Children Ever BornCSO Central Statistics OrganizationDPC Data Processing CentreDSO District Statistics OfficerGFR General Fertility RateGPS Global Positioning SystemIMR Infant Mortality RateISIC International Standard Industrial ClassificationISOC International Standard Occupational ClassificationLPG Liquid Petroleum Gas MDG Millennium Development GoalSMAM Singulate Mean Age at MarriageSDES Socio-Demographic and Economic SurveyTDR Total Dependency RatioTFR Total Fertility RateUNFPA United Nations Population FundU5MR Under 5 Mortality Rate

ACRONYMS

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Figure 1. Map of Afghanistan

Takhar Province is one of the thirty four provinces of Afghanistan. Located in the North Eastern Region in the country, the capital of Takhar Province is Taluqan (Provincial Center). Takhar is bordered by Badakhshan in the North-East, Panjsher in the South, Baghlan in the South-West and Kunduz to the North-West (Figure 1). The province lies at coordinates 36.54N 69.34E (CSO, 2015) and at a distance of 400 kilometers from country’s capital, Kabul. Takhar is well positioned between the main trade centres in the north and central Afghanistan.

Takhar is situated at an elevation of 801 meters above sea level and covers a land area of 12,842 km2 (CSO, 2015) representing 1.91 percent of the total Afghan territory. Apart from Taluqan, Takhar has 17 districts namely, Hazar Samoch, Baharak, Bangi, Chal, Namak Ab, Kalafghan, Farkhar, Khwaja Ghar, Rustaq, Eshkamesh, Dasht-E-Qala, Warsaj, Khwaja Bahawuddin, Darqad, Chahab, and Yangi Qala.

Takhar is regarded as the most suitable place for agriculture. Wheat and rice are the main field crops. Increasing areas are being cultivated with cotton, potato and fodder crops (alfalfa, maize, barley, and triticale) and vegetables (watermelon, carrots, onion, tomatoes, okra). Forestry and cottage fruit production can also be found in the province. Households in Takhar are active in subsistence farming by way of growing grains and small quantities of vegetables and fruits including livestock such as cattle.

1. TAKHAR PROFILE

Takhar

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Takhar Province is the 8th province in which the Socio-Demographic and Economic Survey (SDES) has been rolled out. The 1st SDES was initiated in 2011 in Bamiyan Province by the Central Statistics Organization (CSO) of Afghanistan with technical support from UNFPA.

SDES provides information on the population characteristics, literacy, educational attainment, migration, employment, functional difficulty, fertility, mortality, birth registration and living status of parents, disaggregated by sex and district. Information on the household and housing characteristics is also included. The findings of the report are all important in determining the needs of different segments of the population. Further, this will help the development planners and programme implementers to come up with sound policies and programs designed for the localities for the effective delivery of basic services to the people of Afghanistan.

Just like in other provinces where SDES has been conducted, different ways of monitoring the survey operations (from survey planning to data analysis) were strictly implemented to ensure that high quality data are being collected despite insecurities in some districts in the province.

From 2002, Afghanistan began receiving massive amounts of multi-sector support for development projects. Most projects were designed and implemented despite a lack of reliable population and demographic data, especially relating to villages and districts. This lack of data has hampered effective policy formulation and strategic development planning at the local level; the absence of precise baseline data also makes it difficult to measure progress or to target priority populations and ensure efficient resource allocation. The SDES was designed to fill this data gap and the social and economic dimensions of Afghan households it collects should lead to better targeted policies and service delivery.

2. INTRODUCTION

3. OBJECTIVES3.1 Evidence-Based Decision Making, Policy Making, Planning and Administration


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The business sector needs information on the environment, product availability and demand, consumer capability and demand, labour dimensions and government policies. The SDES covers important questions on the current economic activities and capacities of the population.

The SDES provides data on current housing status, demand and capacity to acquire property, and the structural make-up of houses. This can guide policymakers in the design of housing programmes.

The SDES collects data on categories of the population with varying types of vulnerability. Among the special groups are people with disabilities, youth and women. Their demographic and socio-economic attributes require special treatment in policy and programming, and must be factored into the country’s development processes at all levels.

The SDES includes a mapping and listing of all houses, business establishments and institutions at the district and village levels as well as the location of community infrastructure, such as health facilities, schools, mosques, markets and roads, which are essential for emergency preparedness plans to mitigate the effects of disaster. Population groups are categorized by sex, age, education, literacy, employment status and other important variables which can help shape humanitarian assistance, if needed.

The SDES provides invaluable data for further analysis, comparison with other survey results and for further research. The data will be extremely useful for government and non-government institutions; for instance, data on out-of-school youth can generate new policies to address their situation.

3.2 Data for Businesses and Industries

3.3 Housing Policy and Programmes

3.4 Data on Vulnerable Populations

3.5 Humanitarian Assistance

3.6 Research

Takhar

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An extensive listing and mapping process covered all houses, businesses and institutions in every village and urban area in Takhar Province. This included the preparation of sketch maps on which the physical location of each structure was marked during canvassing and the locations of important public services, establishments and institutions such as schools, hospitals, banks, etc., were further pinpointed through the use of Global Positioning System (GPS) devices. Information related to infrastructure, such as available means of transportation to and from each village, the presence of electricity, water sources, potential relocation sites, etc., were collected.

The surveyors used the outputs from the mapping to guide them in conducting the survey and to ensure complete coverage of their assigned areas. In total, 17 districts and around 1,057 enumeration areas were canvassed.

Unlike previous CSO surveys, which were designed to provide data at the provincial level, SDES focuses on district and even smaller units, including urban subdivisions, major villages and clusters of small villages. This will prove valuable for local development planning and for monitoring public service delivery.

The first step in the survey was to list every household in each village. Half of these listed households (i.e., every other household) were taken as sample households and respondents from each sample households were asked detailed questions.

4.1. Listing of Houses, Establishments and Institutions

4.2. Survey Enumeration

The survey comprised two related activities: listing and mapping of houses, establishments and institutions (conducted before the household survey), and the household survey itself.

4. METHODOLOGY


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The listing and mapping activity was carried out by 286 CSO staff, hired cartographers and hired assistant cartographers, along with 16 District Statistics Officers (DSOs) and assistants. The field enumeration was conducted by 2,010 surveyors, 140 controllers, 76 district team editors, and 46 district coders under the supervision of the DSOs and their assistants, and CSO staff supervisors.

Monitoring was conducted by CSO and UNFPA technical staff who visited the district centres during the two-week training of the DSOs and assistants, controllers and surveyors. They provided clarifications on concepts and procedures to follow in executing the survey and responded to logistical, administrative, financial, and human resource problems as needed.

CSO and UNFPA technical staff were also responsible for checking the questionnaires, as well as spot-checking, re-interviewing and recording observations during household interviews in all 17 districts. Errors were thus corrected at an early stage of enumeration. CSO supervisors used computer tablets to record the findings during monitoring and supervision.

Ninety three CSO monitors checked survey coverage, observed the enumeration, and monitored the work of surveyors and controllers. A third party monitoring company was also contracted to check coverage. A total of 18 District Monitors (DMs), 18 Deputy District Monitors (DDMs) and 276 Enumeration Area Monitors (EAMs) were utilized. The findings of the monitoring group were immediately relayed to CSO supervisors for necessary action.

Editing, reject listing and data entry were done in Kabul at the CSO Data Processing Center (DPC), with 79 data encoders, 41 editors, 26 verifiers and one CSO supervisor to oversee the data processing stage.

5. MONITORING AND SUPERVISION

6. DATA PROCESSING

Takhar

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7. POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS

Taluqan, the provincial center, had the largest population in Takhar, comprising 26.2 percent of the total population in the province followed by Rustaq at 15.2 percent. Hazar Samoch had the lowest proportion of the total population with 1.0 percent followed by Namak Ab with 1.3 percent.

7.1 Population Distribution by District

Table 1. Percent Distribution of the Population by District: Takhar, September 2015

Province/District Percent

Takhar 100.0

Taluqan 26.2

Hazar Samoch 1.0

Baharak 4.7

Bangi 3.4

Chal 2.6

Namak Ab 1.3

Kalafghan 3.6

Farkhar 4.5

Khwaja Ghar 5.6

Rustaq 15.2

Eshkamesh 6.0

Dasht-E-Qala 4.8

Warsaj 3.1

Khwaja Bahawuddin 3.7

Darqad 2.2

Chahab 7.2

Yangi Qala 4.9


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By population density (Figure 2), which is the ratio of the population to the land area, Taluqan had the most number of people who occupy one square kilometer of land (548 persons per km2 of land area), while Warsaj had the fewest (13 persons per km2) the same size of land.

Figure 2. Population Density by District: Takhar, September 2015

Takhar

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There was a slightly higher male population in Takhar Province (50.6 percent) than female population. The sex ratio was 103 males for every 100 females, which is lower than Afghanistan’s overall sex ratio (105 males for every 100 females) (CSO, 2014).

Populations with marked deviations in sex ratio from 100, i.e., below 95 or above 110, can be explained by sex-selective migration, female infanticide, sex-selective abortion, sex-selective under-reporting, economic activities, or a special feature of the area such as the presence of a large military installation, an institution confining a particular sex, or war mortality.

Table 2 shows that Chal had the highest sex ratio at 108 males for every 100 females, followed by Khwaja Ghar and Namak Ab at 106 males per 100 females. The sex ratio in other districts ranged from 97 in Warsaj to 105 in Taluqan.

The sex ratio varies by age group. In developed countries, the sex ratio of a population is high at very young ages and decreases with increasing age. In countries with very high maternal mortality rate and low status of women, however, the sex ratio decreases up to child bearing age and increases with age. Generally, young populations or populations with high fertility tend to have a higher sex ratio than old populations or populations with low fertility.

7.2 Sex Composition


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65 years & above

60 - 64

55 - 59

50 - 54

45 - 49

40 - 44

35 - 39

30 - 34

25 - 29

20 - 24

15 - 19

10-14

5-9

0-4

Total

Age Group/ Province/ District

169

141

131

105

100

97 88 101

93 95 99 106

104

101

103 Takhar

159

144

131

108

99 98 92 103

94 101

102

106

104

104

104 Taluqan

165

133

124

87 100

101

83 119

88 89 107

97 99 98 100 Hazar Samoch

138

130

130

98 98 87 87 108

92 98 99 98 107

100

101 Baharak

164

140

140

89 85 86 77 106

96 98 94 101

104

105

101 Bangi

249

189

144

110

111

95 86 119

96 113

107

114

100

101

108 Chal

254

189

183

101

104

99 97 102

98 91 103

101

104

104

106 Namak Ab

162

127

138

109

94 98 82 94 85 82 91 113

105

104

101 Kalafghan

190

153

144

102

109

89 85 95 88 94 103

102

109

106

104 Farkhar162

133

118

99 113

99 95 102

96 110

104

108

107

100

105 Khwaja Ghar163

144

136

111

97 99 87 98 94 87 96 108

105

102

102 Rustaq

205

147

155

104

98 96 86 108

102

104

105

114

103

84 103 Eshkamesh

163

129

122

106

98 97 89 112

99 94 99 108

101

101

103 Dasht-E-Qala

188

170

108

107

89 107

66 87 88 92 89 97 100

98 97

Warsaj

184

145

128

109

99 93 88 97 77 89 100

104

103

107

102 Khwaja Bahawuddin

231

176

107

89 136

118

107

110

102

95 102

102

107

92 104 Darqad

159

122

123

98 101

95 87 91 88 82 94 99 104

104

99 Chahab

167

128

114

105

100

102

94 103

84 88 95 105

107

96 100 Yangi Qala

Table 2. Sex Ratio of the Population by Age Group and District: Takhar, Septem

ber 2015

Takhar

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In general, the sex ratio at birth for children ever born (CEB) is around 105 males per 100 females, with a normal range of 102-107. A sex ratio higher than 107 suggests that female babies are being omitted, while sex ratios below 102 may indicate that male babies are being omitted. Sex-selective abortion may also result in sex ratios at birth which are outside the normal range.

The higher infant deaths among male children may explain the low sex ratio for the 0-4 year age group in seven districts: Eshkamesh (84 male children for every 100 female children), Darqad (92), Yangi Qala (96), Hazar Samoch (98), Warsaj (98), Baharak (100) and Khwaja Ghar (100). As a result, the sex ratio at the province level for the age group 0-4 years was 101 boys per 100 girls.

Extremely high sex ratios were noticeable for the 60 years and above in all districts ranged from 122 in Chahab to 254 in Namak Ab (Table 2). The high sex ratios for older ages may be due to high maternal mortality.

Takhar has a very young population with about 47.1 percent of its population below 15 years old at the time of the survey (Figure 3). The 0-4 age group constituted the largest segment of the provincial population at 17.0 percent, followed by the 5-9 age group at 15.9 percent. The 10-14 age group comprised the third largest segment of the population at 14.2 percent.

Age data for household members are normally reported by the respondent, either by the mother or the father. Age misreporting arises when the respondent does not know either the exact age or the date of birth of each household member. In cases like this, surveyors or respondents tend to report certain ages, which result in age heaping, age preference or digit preference. A detailed discussion on the quality of age data for Takhar Province is provided in Appendix A1.

7.3 Age Structure


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The median age of the population in Takhar is 16.3 years, which is the same as the estimated median age of 16.3 years in Ghor but higher than in Daykundi of 15.2 years (Text Box 1). At the district level, the median age ranged from 15.3 years (Kalafghan) to 17.5 years (Warsaj).

On average, the male population of Takhar Province had a median age of 16.2 years while the female population had a slightly higher median age of 16.3 years. Females were generally older than males in 11 of 17 districts (Table 3).

Figure 3. Population by Age and Sex: Takhar, September 2015

Text Box 1: Median Age

Takhar (2015) 16.3

Samangan (2015) 17.5

Parwan (2014) 17.1

Kapisa (2014) 17.1

Kabul (2013) 17.7

Ghor (2012) 16.3

Daykundi (2012) 15.2

Bamiyan (2011) 16.6

Source: SDES

Takhar

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The proportion of the population under age 15 also provides an indication as to whether a population is young or old; those with 35 percent or more below age 15 are regarded as young. As Table 4 shows, the proportion of children under 15 years ranged from 44.3 percent in Hazar Samoch to 50.2 percent in Darqad. This indicates that all districts of Takhar have very young population.

Province/District Both Sexes Male Female

Takhar 16.3 16.2 16.3

Taluqan 16.4 16.4 16.5

Hazar Samoch 17.4 17.5 17.2

Baharak 16.6 16.5 16.7

Bangi 17.2 17.1 17.4

Chal 16.5 16.9 16.1

Namak Ab 16.7 17.0 16.4

Kalafghan 15.3 14.8 16.0

Farkhar 15.8 15.6 16.0

Khwaja Ghar 16.4 16.5 16.3

Rustaq 16.1 15.8 16.3

Eshkamesh 16.3 16.8 15.9

Dasht-E-Qala 15.8 15.8 15.9

Warsaj 17.5 17.5 17.5

Khwaja Bahawuddin 15.5 15.2 15.8

Darqad 14.9 15.6 14.4

Chahab 16.2 15.8 16.5

Yangi Qala 16.5 16.4 16.6

Table 3. Median Age in Years of the Population by District: Takhar, September 2015


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Table 4 also shows the proportions of persons aged 15-64 years and 65 years and over, by district. The 15-64 year age group is commonly considered as the working age group especially in more developed countries. For the whole Takhar Province, the working age group accounted for 50.1 percent of the total population. At the district-level, this proportion ranged from 47.8 percent in Kalafghan to 51.9 percent in Warsaj.

When older persons (65 years old and over) comprise less than 10 percent of the total population, it is also considered a young population. The proportion of older

Province/District TotalAge Group

Aged-Child Ratio0-14 15-64 65 and

above

Takhar 100 47.1 50.1 2.8 6.0

Taluqan 100 46.6 50.8 2.5 5.4

Hazar Samoch 100 44.3 52.4 3.3 7.4

Baharak 100 46.3 50.8 2.8 6.1

Bangi 100 44.8 51.7 3.6 7.9

Chal 100 46.6 50.9 2.5 5.4

Namak Ab 100 46.4 50.7 2.8 6.1

Kalafgan 100 49.2 47.8 2.9 5.9

Farkhar 100 48.1 49.0 2.8 5.8

Khwaja Ghar 100 46.9 50.4 2.7 5.8

Rustaq 100 47.6 49.3 3.0 6.4

Eshkamesh 100 46.9 50.6 2.5 5.4

Dasht-E-Qala 100 48.0 49.1 2.9 6.1

Warsaj 100 44.4 51.9 3.6 8.2

Khwaja Bahawuddin 100 48.9 48.2 2.9 5.9

Darqad 100 50.2 48.0 1.8 3.6

Chahab 100 47.5 49.1 3.4 7.1

Yangi Qala 100 46.5 50.3 3.2 6.8

Table 4. Percent Distribution of Population by Age Group, Aged-Child Ratio and District: Takhar, September 2015

Takhar

26

or aged persons for Takhar Province in 2015 was 2.8 percent, with district-level proportions varying from 1.8 percent in Darqad to 3.6 percent (Bangi and Warsaj).

The aged-child ratio or the ratio of persons aged 65 years and over to the number of children under 15 years is also shown in Table 4. For Takhar Province, the aged-child ratio was 6.0, which means that in 2015, there were about six persons aged 65 years and over for every 100 children under 15 years of age. At the district level, the ratio ranged from 3.6 percent in Darqad to 8.2 percent in Warsaj.

Another indicator of population composition is the age dependency ratio. This ratio shows changes in the population age structure, which may have implications for social and economic development. Assuming that the population aged 15-64 years represents the working age group, this ratio is commonly calculated as the sum of the number of children and the number of aged or older persons divided by the number of working-age population. It is observed that young populations typically have a total dependency ratio exceeding 100.


27

Province/District Total Dependency Ratio

Child Dependency Ratio

Old-Age Dependency Ratio

Takhar 99.8 94.1 5.7

Taluqan 96.8 91.8 5.0

Hazar Samoch 90.7 84.4 6.3

Baharak 96.8 91.2 5.6

Bangi 93.6 86.7 6.9

Chal 96.6 91.6 5.0

Namak Ab 97.3 91.6 5.6

Kalafgan 109.1 103.0 6.1

Farkhar 103.9 98.2 5.7

Khwaja Ghar 98.4 93.0 5.4

Rustaq 102.7 96.6 6.2

Eshkamesh 97.6 92.7 5.0

Dashti Qala 103.8 97.9 6.0

Warsaj 92.6 85.6 7.0

Khwaja Bahawuddin

107.7 101.6 6.0

Darqad 108.1 104.4 3.7

Chahab 103.6 96.7 6.8

Yangi Qala 98.7 92.4 6.3

Table 5. Age Dependency Ratios by District: Takhar, September 2015

Takhar

28

Table 5 shows the age dependency ratios for Takhar Province and by district level. The total dependency ratio was 99.8, broken down into the child dependency ratio of 94.1 and the old-age dependency ratio of 5.7. This means that for every 100 persons in working ages (15 to 64 years) there were about 100 dependents, involving 94 children and six older persons. The total dependency ratio in the Takhar Province is almost the same as the national estimate of 100 (Text Box 2).

Among the districts, Kalafghan had the highest total dependency ratio at 109 and the second to the highest child dependency ratio at 103. Darqad had the highest child dependency ratio at 104 while Warsaj had the highest old-age dependency ratio at 7. Hazar Samoch had both the lowest total dependency ratio at 91 and child dependency ratio at 84.

Takhar (2015)* 99.7

Samangan (2015)* 89.1

Parwan (2014)* 90.8

Kapisa (2014)* 91.1

Kabul (2013)* 83.5

Ghor (2012)* 96.0

Daykundi (2012)* 108.9

Bamiyan (2011)* 96.3

Afghanistan** 100.0

Sources: *SDES

**ALCS 2013-2014

Text Box 2: Total Dependency Ratio

In the absence of migration and polygamy, the total number of married men in a population equals the total number of married women. These numbers typically vary by age group as women customarily marry men older than they are. This custom of women marrying older men would result in the differences between the marital status distributions of men and women at young ages. This appeared to be the case in Takhar province as shown in Figures 4 and 5. Among males aged 20-24 years, those who were married at the time of survey comprised 25.9 percent, while among females in this age group; the corresponding percentage was 68.6 percent. For age group 25-29 years, nine in ten women were married, compared to seven in ten men.

Figures 4 and 5 also show that at age group 60 years and above, 57.3 percent of women were widowed and 41.5 percent were married, while for men the figures were 5.8 percent and 93.6 percent, respectively. This may be due to older men remarrying younger women.

7.4 Marital Status Composition


29

Figure 4. Percent Distribution of Male Population by Marital Status and Age Group: Takhar, September 2015

Figure 5. Percent Distribution of Female Population by Marital Status and Age Group: Takhar, September 2015

Takhar

30

For lack of a direct question on the age at first marriage of men and women in the SDES, the Singulate Mean Age at Marriage (SMAM) was estimated as an indirect measure for mean age at first marriage. SMAM is based on the marital status information for males and females in ages 15-54 at the time of the survey.

Table 6 shows that among males in Takhar Province who marry before age 50, they have spent 25.4 years, on average, in single state before crossing to the formal married state. The SMAM of their women counterparts is 21.1 years. This suggests that males have remained single by about four years longer, on average, than females. This SMAM gender pattern is observed in all districts of Takhar.

Data from Table 6 also shows that women in Namak Ab transitioned to the married state at age 19.9 years (lowest SMAM). In contrast, males in Bangi and Yangi Qala had the highest average length of single life (26.2 and 26.1 years, respectively).


31

Province/DistrictSingulate Mean Age at Marriage

Male Female

Takhar 25.4 21.1

Taluqan 25.8 21.9

Hazar Samoch 25.9 22.2

Baharak 25.7 21.6

Bangi 26.2 21.5

Chal 25.1 20.0

Namak Ab 24.5 19.9

Kalafghan 23.6 20.1

Farkhar 25.2 21.5

Khwaja Ghar 25.5 21.2

Rustaq 24.9 20.6

Eshkamesh 25.1 21.0

Dasht-E-Qala 25.3 21.2

Warsaj 25.6 21.4

Khwaja Bahawuddin 25.1 21.1

Darqad 24.8 20.6

Chahab 25.2 20.8

Yangi Qala 26.1 21.7

Table 6. Singulate Mean Age at Marriage (SMAM) by Sex and District: Takhar, September 2015

8. LiteracyThe United Nations defines literacy as the ability to read and write, with understanding, a short simple statement. The UN recommends that data on literacy be collected in censuses for persons aged 10 years and older because the ability to read and write requires some years of schooling or time to develop. In censuses, the answers to the cited question on literacy are accepted at face value.

Takhar

32

Yangi Qala

Chahab

Darqad

Khwaja

Bahawuddin

Warsaj

Dash-Q

ala

Eskamesh

Rustaq

Khwaja G

har

Farkhar

Kalafgan

Nam

ak-Ab

Chal

Bangi

Baharak

Hazar-

Samoch

Taluqan

Takhar

Province/D

istrict

34.2

36.0

22.9

30.9

49.5

38.8

22.6

25.9

35.3

37.2

22.5

11.7

21.2

22.1

25.8

16.3

42.9

33.2

Both sexes

10 Years and Above

42.3

43

30.3

39.4

56.8

46

34.4

33.4

44.3

43.9

30.2

17.3

30.1

32.2

37.1

19.1

53.0

41.9

Male

26.1

29.2

14.8

22.6

42.5

31.2

9.7

18.3

25.9

30.5

14.8

5.6

11.3

12.1

14.5

13.5

32.4

24.3

Female

61.7

68.0

49.0

57.7

74.7

67.9

28.2

55.0

58.6

69.4

48.9

32.1

37.5

37.6

39.2

70.6

61.2

57.9

Female/

Male R

atio

28.0

29.5

19.0

25.1

41.6

31.7

18.5

21.3

29.9

32.0

18.3

9.6

16.3

20.2

20.6

10.0

37.8

28.0

Both Sexes

15 Years and Above Kalafghan

36.9

37.8

26.8

34.2

50.2

40.1

30.3

29.4

40.1

39.8

26.9

15.6

25.5

31.6

32.0

13.9

49.3

37.7

Male

19.2

21.5

10.6

16.1

33.4

23.0

5.8

13.3

19.1

24.1

10.2

3.2

5.9

8.8

9.1

6.0

26.0

18.2

Female

52.0

57.0

39.6

47.1

66.6

57.5

19.1

45.1

47.7

60.5

38.1

20.3

23.1

27.9

28.5

43.1

52.8

48.2

Female/

Male R

atio

50.1

53.1

32.3

44.7

76.7

53.3

29.0

35.9

51.3

52.2

31.7

15.4

27.8

33.5

35.3

19.3

58.2

46.5

Both Sexes

15-24 Years

58.0

59.9

42.3

53.5

82.2

58.6

45.1

44.2

60.8

58.0

42.0

24.5

41.1

45.9

49.9

23.9

67.6

55.9

Male

42.9

47.0

22.5

36.2

71.8

48.2

12.1

28.3

41.3

46.4

22.8

6.6

13.1

21.6

20.9

14.7

48.6

37.4

Female

73.9

78.5

53.0

67.7

87.3

82.2

26.7

64.0

67.9

80.0

54.4

26.8

32.0

47.1

41.8

61.5

72.0

66.9

Female/

Male R

atio

Table 7: Literacy Rates for M

ales and Females by M

ajor Age Group and D

istrict: Takhar, Septem

ber 2015

In the 2015 Takhar SDES, the question on whether a member of the sample household can read and write, with understanding, a simple message in any language was asked for household members aged five years and above. Literacy rates for the population aged 10 years and above, 15 years and above and for the 15-24 age group are given in Table 7.


When compared to other provinces where the SDES has been carried out, the literacy rate of 33.2 percent for 10 years old and over in Takhar Province was the third to lowest after Ghor and Samangan (Text Box 3). The literacy rate for males was 41.9 percent, which is almost twice that for females. At the district level, the literacy rate for the males aged 10 years and above ranged from 17.3 percent in Namak Ab to 56.8 percent in Warsaj. Likewise, the literacy rate for females aged 10 years and above was highest in Warsaj at 42.5 percent and lowest in Namak Ab at 5.6 percent.

There were significant gaps between male and female literacy rates as reflected in the female/male ratio in Table 7. For the province, there were 58 literate females for every 100 literate males. Eshkamesh had the lowest female/male ratio with 28 literate females for every 100 literate males 10 years old and over. Warsaj, which had both the highest male and female literacy rates, had also the highest female/male literacy ratio at 75 literate women for every 100 literate men.

Takhar (2015) 33.2


Kapisa (2014) 52.2

Parwan (2014) 44.9

Kabul (2013) 59.6

Ghor (2012) 26.0

Daikundi (2012) 43.6

Bamyan (2011) 38.1

Source: SDES

Text Box 3: Literacy Rate for 10 Years and Older

The literacy rates shown in Table 7 for the population aged 10 years and above were higher than those aged 15 years and over. This suggests an improvement in literacy, especially in the 10-14 age group. The data also demonstrates a narrowing of the gap between male and female literacy rates: the female/male ratio for those aged 15 years and above was 48.2 percent, lower than for those aged 10 years and over (57.9 percent).

The literacy rate for the population aged 15 years and above was 28.0 percent for both sexes (37.7 percent for males and 18.2 percent for females). These percentages are lower than Afghanistan’s overall literacy rate of 34.3 percent (49.1 percent for males and 19 percent for females) (CSO 2014).

Text Box 4: Literacy Rate for 15-24 Age Group

Male Female

Takhar (2015)* 56.1 37.4

Samangan (2015)* 55.4 31.6

Kapisa (2014)* 86.3 48.3

Parwan (2014)* 78.8 35.7

Kabul (2013)* 83.3 68.4

Ghor (2012)* 42.0 15.8

Daikundi (2012)* 67.2 46.5

Bamiyan (2011)* 61.6 34.1

Afghanistan** 66.3 36.7

Sources: *SDES

**ALCS 2013-2014

Takhar

3433

Table 7 also shows the literacy rates for men and women in the 15-24 age group (defined as the youth population), and the ratio of women’s and men’s literacy rates in this age group by district. This is one of the indicators of Goal 3 of the Millennium Development Goals (MDG), to promote gender equality and empower women and Goal 4 of Sustainable Development Goals (SDG), to eliminate gender disparities in education and ensure equal access to all levels of education. In this age group, the female/male youth literacy ratio was 66.9 percent and close to one in two was considered literate. Close to three in five male youths and two in five female youths were considered literate.

At the district level, the ratio ranged from 26.7 percent (Eskhamesh) to 87.3 percent (Warsaj) literate female youths for every 100 literate male youths. Likewise, Warsaj had both the highest male and female youth literacy rates at 82.2 percent and 71.8 percent, respectively. Taluqan had the second highest male and female youth literacy rates at 67.6 percent and 48.6 percent, respectively. Hazar Samoch had the lowest male youth literacy rate (23.9 percent) while Namak-Ab had the lowest female youth literacy rate (6.6 percent).

Figure 6. Literacy Rate by Age Group and Sex: Takhar, September 2015


3534

Recent improvements in Takhar’s literacy may be inferred from Figure 6. The literacy rates for the age groups 10-14, 15-19 and 20-24 for both males and females were significantly higher than the other age groups. The literacy rates for males, and more evidently among females, in the 20-24 age group were lower than those for younger age groups but noticeably higher than those for older age groups. These older groups also had similar rates, suggesting that there was an improvement in literacy but at a slower rate until recent years. The relatively higher rate of literacy among the school-age than the older population may be attributed to recent improvements in the educational system of Takhar Province that partly led to higher school participation.

Moreover, the gender gap in literacy rate has declined. The 15 percentage point difference in literacy rate for 60 years and over population has declined to just 10 percentage point difference among males and females in the age group 10-14 years.

Educational attainment is defined as the highest class completed by an individual, and is assessed by examining data on the highest grade, class or level of education completed by those aged 25 years and above when an individual would normally have completed schooling or participation in college prior to graduation, and varying levels of degree attainment such as Associate’s, Bachelor’s, Master’s, and doctoral degrees. Tables 8-10 present the highest level of education completed by the population aged 25 years and above in Takhar and its districts.

9. Educational Attainment

Takhar

35

Eighty five percent residents of Takhar Province aged 25 years and above did not attend school or had attended but did not complete the first class at the time of the survey (Table 8). The corresponding percentages were 76.2 percent for males (Table 9) and 94.8 percent for females (Table 10).

Generally, men in Hazar Samoch and Namak Ab were less educated compared to their counterparts in other districts, with 95.8 percent and 93.3 percent, respectively, of their population did not attend school or had been to school but did not complete class 1 (Table 9).

Province/District No Schooling

Classes 1-6

Classes 7-9

Classes 10-12

Vocational and Higher Education

Takhar 85.3 4.6 2.6 3.9 3.6

Taluqan 77.9 5.4 3.7 6.3 6.7

Hazar-Samoch 97.7 0.7 0.1 1.0 0.5

Baharak 89.6 3.3 2.2 2.9 1.9

Bangi 89.8 3.8 2.0 2.6 1.7

Chal 93.0 1.2 0.9 3.0 1.9

Namak-Ab 96.0 1.2 0.7 1.0 1.2

Kalafghan 90.5 3.2 1.6 2.6 2.1

Farkhar 82.3 6.1 3.3 4.2 4.0

Khwaja Ghar 85.4 4.7 3.0 3.9 2.9

Rustaq 89.7 4.5 1.7 2.4 1.7

Eshkamesh 91.2 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.2

Dasht-E-Qala 84.3 5.1 2.9 4.0 3.8

Warsaj 80.8 5.7 3.4 4.4 5.7

Khwaja Bahawuddin 87.8 4.4 2.6 3.0 2.3

Darqad 89.8 3.2 1.7 2.8 2.5

Chahab 84.0 6.8 3.0 3.2 3.0

Yangi Qala 86.0 4.3 2.8 3.5 3.4

Table 8: Percent Distribution of Total Population (Both Sexes) 25 Years and Above, by Highest Class Completed and District: Takhar, September 2015


36


Classes 1-6

Classes 7-9

Classes 10-12


Takhar 76.2 7.4 4.2 6.4 5.8

Taluqan 66.0 8.2 5.6 9.9 10.2

Hazar-Samoch 95.8 1.2 0.3 1.9 0.9

Baharak 81.1 6.1 4.0 5.4 3.5

Bangi 81.0 7.1 3.8 5.0 3.2

Chal 87.8 1.9 1.3 5.5 3.5

Namak-Ab 93.3 1.9 0.9 1.7 2.1

Kalafghan 82.5 5.8 2.9 4.9 3.9

Farkhar 73.2 9.2 5.0 6.7 5.9

Khwaja Ghar 76.1 7.8 4.9 6.4 4.8

Rustaq 82.6 7.7 2.8 4.1 2.8

Eshkamesh 84.2 3.7 3.9 4.2 4.0

Dasht-E-Qala 74.2 8.7 4.4 6.7 6.0

Warsaj 70.3 8.9 5.0 6.7 9.0


Darqad 84.1 4.8 2.7 4.3 4.2

Chahab 73.9 11.3 4.8 5.3 4.7

Yangi Qala 76.3 7.1 4.7 6.1 5.8

Table 9: Percent Distribution of Male Population 25 Years and Above, by Highest Class Completed and District: Takhar, September 2015

Table 9 also shows that among males, those who attended classes 10-12 or received vocational or higher education comprised a very small percentage (12.2 percent). In Taluqan, 20.1 percent of males aged 25 years or older had attained or completed classes 10-12, vocational or higher education. This was followed by Warsaj (15.7 percent), Dasht-E-Qala (12.7 percent), Farkhar (12.6 percent), Yangi Qala (11.9 percent), Khwaja Ghar (11.2 percent) and Chahab (10 percent) while the remaining districts had less than 10 percent completing at least class 10 education.

Women in Takhar were less likely to go to school than men as nine in ten women aged 25 years or older had not completed any class (Table 10). Nearly all women aged 25 years or older in all districts had not attended school ranging from 90.4 percent in Taluqan to 99.7 percent in Hazar-Samoch.

Takhar

37


Classes 1-6

Classes 7-9

Classes 10-12


Takhar 94.8 1.6 1.0 1.2 1.4

Taluqan 90.4 2.4 1.6 2.5 3.0

Hazar-Samoch 99.7 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.1

Baharak 98.2 0.6 0.4 0.5 0.4

Bangi 98.8 0.6 0.3 0.2 0.2

Chal 98.9 0.4 0.4 0.2 0.0

Namak-Ab 99.1 0.3 0.4 0.1 0.1

Kalafghan 98.6 0.6 0.2 0.3 0.3

Farkhar 91.8 3.0 1.7 1.7 1.9

Khwaja Ghar 95.4 1.5 1.0 1.3 0.9

Rustaq 97.1 1.2 0.5 0.6 0.6

Eshkamesh 98.8 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

Dasht-E-Qala 95.0 1.4 1.2 1.1 1.4

Warsaj 91.1 2.5 1.8 2.1 2.4


Darqad 96.3 1.4 0.7 1.2 0.5

Chahab 94.1 2.3 1.2 1.1 1.3

Yangi Qala 95.9 1.4 0.8 0.9 0.9

Table 10: Percent Distribution of Female Population 25 Years and Above, by Highest Class Completed and District: Takhar, September 2015


38

Text Box 5: Highest Class Completed

Provinces No Schooling

Classes 1-6

Classes 7-9

Classes 10-12


Takhar (2015) 85.3 4.6 2.6 3.9 3.6

Samangan (2015) 86.0 5.3 2.4 3.8 2.5

Kapisa (2014) 69.3 8.3 5.5 10.6 6.4

Parwan (2014) 74.6 6.8 5.2 9.1 4.3

Kabul (2013) 57.7 8.6 7.2 16.6 9.9

Ghor (2012) 93.2 1.3 1.9 2.8 0.6

Daykundi (2012) 88.5 3.2 4.1 3.5 0.7

Bamiyan (2011) 90.2 2.3 2.4 3.3 0.6

Source: SDES

The comparison on the highest class completed with Takhar, Samangan, Kapisa, Parwan, Kabul, Ghor, Daykundi and Bamiyan is shown in Text Box 5. Takhar’s proportion of persons aged 25 years and above who had reached/attained vocational and higher education was higher than in Samangan, Ghor, Bamiyan and Daykundi but it is lower than in Kapisa, Parwan and Kabul.

Net attendance ratios for primary (classes 1-6), secondary (classes 7-9), high school (classes 10-12) and higher education (technical/vocational/bachelor degree/master degree/or PhD) are presented in Table 11. These are the ratios of children in the age group that officially corresponds to class level (i.e., 7-12 years old for primary school, 13-15 years old for secondary school, 16-18 years old for high school and 19-24 years for higher education) to the total number of children in these respective age groups. An estimated 127 thousand children aged 7-12 years old in Takhar were attending primary school at the time of the survey: 25 thousand children aged 13-15 years were attending secondary school, 18 thousand children aged 16-18 years were in high school and some 11 thousand persons aged 19-24 years were in higher education. These numbers translate to net attendance ratios of 53.8 percent for primary school, 26.3 percent for secondary school, 18.2 percent for high school and 8.4 percent for higher education (Table 11). The net primary attendance rate for Takhar was lower than the national rate of 54.5 percent (CSO, 2014).

Takhar

39

Net attendance ratios for boys at all levels of education were consistently higher than for girls. The ratio of girls to boys declined with increasing levels of education. In Takhar Province, for every 100 boys aged 7-12 years who were attending primary school, there were 82 girls of the same age group at that level of education. At the high school level, the ratio was lower, with only 73 girls aged 16-18 for every 100 boys attending that level of education.

Hazar Samoch had the second highest female-to-male literacy ratio and also had the highest female-to-male net primary and secondary attendance ratios at 104.4 percent and 158.9 percent, respectively. Dasht-E-Qala had the highest female-to-male net high school

Male FemaleTakhar (2015)* 59.0 48.4

Samangan (2015)* 57.8 46.2

Kapisa (2014)* 83.4 62.0

Parwan (2014)* 79.8 51.2

Kabul (2013)* 74.4 60.4

Ghor (2012)* 45.7 32.1

Daikundi (2012)* 65.7 61.4

Bamyan (2011)* 59.5 53.5

Afghanistan ** 62.4 45.5

Source: SDES

**ALCS 2013-2014

Text Box 6: Net Primary Attendance Rate

attendance ratio at 104.3 percent. The special programs on education for women by the United Nations Children’s Emergency Fund (UNICEF) had contributed to the high female-to-male net attendance ratios in Hazar Samoch and Dasht-E-Qala.

For higher education, the net attendance ratio is much lower compared to other levels, with only 48 females aged 19-24 years for every 100 males attending either vocational, technical, bachelor degree, master degree, or doctoral degree. Dasht-E-Qala reported the highest attendance ratio of 73 females for every 100 males aged 19-24 years while Hazar Samoch and Namak-Ab had not reported any female currently attending higher education.

The net primary attendance rates for both males and females in Takhar Province are higher than in Ghor and Samangan Provinces, but lower when compared to other SDES provinces. (Text Box 6).


40

Yangi Qala

Chahab

Darqad

Khwaja Bahaw

uddin

Warsaj

Dash-Q

ala

Eskamesh

Rustaq

Khwaja G

har

Farkhar

Kalafgan

Nam

ak-Ab

Chal

Bangi

Baharak

Hazar-Sam

och

Taluqan

Takhar

Province/District

62.6

63.6

45.9

54.3

80.5

60.6

43.2

42.1

53.3

57.8

36.5

24.6

41.2

40.2

57.9

72.5

60.2

53.8

Both Sexes Prim

ary: Classes 1-6 (Ages 7-12)

67.0

66.7

54.4

60.6

82.0

64.8

53.3

47.2

57.8

62.1

40.4

29.7

47.0

43.5

67.0

70.9

65.5

59.0

Male

58.0

60.3

37.0

47.5

79.0

56.4

32.0

36.6

48.6

53.1

32.1

19.4

35.0

36.7

48.6

74.1

54.6

48.4

Female

86.6

90.4

68.1

78.4

96.3

87.1

60.1

77.5

84.2

85.6

79.5

65.2

74.5

84.4

72.5

104.4

83.3

82.1

Female/

Male

28.5

29.7

21.9

20.2

47.4

32.0

15.7

20.1

24.3

30.4

18.9

6.3

18.2

15.7

18.9

19.5

33.7

263

Both Sexes Secondary: Classes 7-9

(Ages 132-15)

31.9

32.3

27.9

22.9

50.9

31.6

22.0

23.0

26.8

32.5

20.5

9.1

24.9

19.4

24.7

15.3

37.1

29.4

Male

25.1

27.1

16.2

17.3

44.0

32.4

8.8

17.1

21.6

28.4

17.2

3.1

10.0

11.8

12.9

24.3

30.3

23.1

Female

78.7

83.7

58.0

73.3

86.5

102.7

40.0

74.5

80.8

87.4

83.8

34.3

40.1

60.8

52.1

158.9

81.5

78.4

Female/

Male

18.9

23.0

12.9

12.8

36.9

20.3

9.0

13.1

17.0

20.5

11.2

4.0

10.7

9.4

11.6

2.1

25.3

18.2

Both Sexes

High School: Classes 10-12 (Ages 16-18)

19.8

24.4

15.7

15.5

38.2

19.8

14.2

15.5

20.7

20.8

15.5

8.0

17.9

13.4

17.5

3.4

28.4

21.1

Male

18.1

21.8

10.1

10.0

35.9

20.7

3.8

10.9

13.2

20.1

7.2

0.0

3.9

5.9

6.1

0.8

22.2

15.4

Female

91.3

89.3

64.1

64.5

93.9

104.3

26.6

70.4

63.8

96.7

46.8

0.0

21.5

43.9

34.6

22.9

78.1

73.1

Female/

Male

6.1

6.4

3.8

5.3

14.0

7.5

8.6

4.4

6.5

9.0

5.3

2.7

3.8

4.2

4.1

0.3

15.3

8.4

Both Sexes

Higher and Vocational: Classes 13 and above (Ages 19-24)

9.2

9.4

6.4

7.2

19.3

8.8

7.0

5.6

9.5

12.4

7.8

5.7

6.9

8.5

6.5

0.7

19.4

11.5

Male

3.3

3.9

1.4

3.6

9.2

6.4

0.3

3.4

3.2

5.6

3.4

0.0

0.3

0.8

1.9

0.0

11.2

5.5

Female

35.7

41.6

21.3

51.0

47.8

72.5

4.4

59.9

33.4

44.8

43.1

0.0

3.7

9.2

28.7

0.0

57.4

47.8

Female/

Male

Table 11. Net Attendance R

atio by Sex, Level of Education and District: Takhar, Septem

ber 2015Takhar

41

Figure 7: Percentage Distribution of Male Population Aged 7 to 24 Who Were Not Attending School at the Time of the Survey by Highest Class Completed and District: Takhar, September 2015

Figures 7 and 8 show the male and female school-age population (i.e., aged 7-24 years) who were not attending school at the time of the survey by highest class completed. Some 323 thousand youth of Takhar, consisting 145 thousand males and 178 thousand females, were not attending school at the time of the survey. A large majority of this young population who were not in school had not completed the first class. For Takhar Province, 76.5 percent of males aged 7-24 years who were not attending school at the time of the survey had never attended school or if they had attended school they did not complete the first class. The corresponding proportion among their female counterparts was 84.7 percent. Namak-Ab had the highest percentage of the male (92.7 percent) and female (95.8 percent) populations aged 7-24 who were not attending school at the time of the survey and had never attended school nor completed the first class.


42

Figure 8: Percentage Distribution of Female Population Aged 7 to 24 Who Were Not Attending School at the Time of the Survey by Highest Class Completed and District: Takhar, September 2015

Although the majority of population of Takhar Province are non-migrants, some 219 thousand residents of Takhar are migrants, which comprised 17.1 percent of the total population of the province. Migrants are defined as those who had resided elsewhere for at least six months in another district within Takhar, in another province of Afghanistan, or abroad. The corresponding proportion among the male population (20.6 percent) was much higher compared to the female population (13.5 percent). Khwaja Ghar had the largest proportion of migrant population (Figure 9).

10. Migration

Takhar

43

Figure 9. Proportion of Migrants by Sex and District: Takhar, September 2015

Figure 10 shows the distribution of migrants per district to the total migrants of the 17 districts. Taluqan is the favourite destination with 37.0 percent share of total migrants in the province followed by Khwaja Ghar (15.1 percent), while Darqad and Hazar Samoch had only 0.5 percent each of the total migrants in the province.


44

Figure 10: Percentage Distribution of Migrants in the Province by District: Takhar, September 2015

Among those who have resided in a place other than their district or city of residence at the time of the survey, Table 12 shows the distribution of the migrant population by previous province/district of residence. In Taluqan, most of the migrants came from other districts of Takhar (49.7 percent), followed by those from abroad (23.1 percent). Among those who came from abroad, 59.7 percent came from Iran and 34.5 percent from Pakistan.

In most districts of Takhar Province, the largest proportion of the migrant population came from abroad. This is the case for Namak Ab (79.0 percent), Chahab (79.0 percent), Hazar Samoch (76.5 percent), Farkhar (71.8 percent), Chal (69.5 percent), Eshkamesh (68.9 percent), Kalafghan (64.5 percent) and Rustaq (61.8 percent). In Khwaja Ghar and Dasht-E-Qala the leading area of origin was other districts of Takhar (67 percent and 63.3 percent, respectively). On the other hand, 11 percent of migrants in Rustaq came from other provinces.

Takhar

45

District

Previous Residence

Other district of Takhar

Neighbouring Provinces

Other Provinces Abroad

Taluqan 49.7 19.6 7.6 23.1

Hazar Samoch 20.6 0.7 2.2 76.5

Baharak 26.6 19.6 8.6 45.2

Bangi 24.8 20.6 4.2 50.4

Chal 15.8 4.8 9.9 69.5

Namak-Ab 10.9 3.5 6.6 79.0

Kalafghan 19.9 10.5 5.1 64.5

Farkhar 19.0 5.7 3.5 71.8

Khwaja Ghar 67.0 13.4 2.0 17.7

Rustaq 13.3 13.8 11.0 61.8

Eshkamesh 8.6 14.1 8.3 68.9

Dasht-E-Qala 63.3 16.3 1.6 18.8

Warsaj 10.7 2.1 2.5 84.6

Khwaja Bahawuddin 58.0 12.7 4.0 25.3

Darqad 45.1 41.2 2.4 11.3

Chahab 5.7 8.1 7.2 79.0

Yangi Qala 45.0 29.7 3.8 21.5

Table 12: Proportion of Migrants by Previous Residence and District: Takhar, September 2015


46

Table 13 shows data on the length of stay in the district of residence at the time of survey for migrants. Of these, 4.5 percent have been residing in their current district of residence for less than one year while 12.9 percent have lived there for 1-3 years. Another 23.0 percent have resided in their current district of residence for 4-9 years, and 28.7 percent for 10-19 years. The largest proportion (30.9 percent) have been living in their current district of residence for 20 or more years. In Khwaja Bahawuddin, where 29.2 percent were migrants, the proportion of recent movers (less than seven years) was the highest among the districts at 35.5 percent. The proportion of migrants with lengthy stays (20 years or more) in Darqad was the highest at 39 percent.

Province/DistrictDuration of Stay in the Current District of Residence

Less than 1 year

1-3 years

4-6 years

7-9 years

10-19 years

20 years or more

Takhar 4.5 12.9 12.6 10.4 28.7 30.9

Taluqan 5.1 13.5 13.2 10.9 28.7 28.5

Hazar-Samoch 3.1 9.8 10.9 9.7 28.4 38.1

Baharak 4.6 11.4 11.8 10.1 26.9 35.2

Bangi 5.0 12.5 12.4 10.6 33.8 25.7

Chal 2.9 12.0 12.0 10.3 26.3 36.5

Namak-Ab 3.5 12.7 12.9 10.6 24.9 35.4

Kalafghan 3.4 12.7 11.9 10.5 26.6 35.0

Farkhar 4.5 13.0 12.3 10.4 27.4 32.5

Khwaja Ghar 5.2 12.2 12.3 9.7 51.9 8.7

Rustaq 4.5 12.0 12.1 10.1 26.0 35.3

Eshkamesh 2.8 12.6 11.9 10.1 27.1 35.6

Dasht-E-Qala 4.6 13.4 12.1 9.6 28.1 32.2

Warsaj 3.9 13.6 12.4 10.7 26.7 32.6

Khwaja Bahawuddin 4.6 15.6 15.3 12.7 27.4 24.4

Darqad 4.9 13.0 12.3 9.3 21.7 39.0

Chahab 5.2 13.6 12.5 9.9 25.5 33.4

Yangi Qala 3.9 11.9 13.0 10.1 26.9 34.3

Table 13. Percentage Distribution of Migrants by Duration of Stay in the Current Residence and District: Takhar, September 2015

Takhar

47

Table 14 shows that nearly all of the current residents of Takhar (96.4 percent) were born in this province. Of the 3.6 percent migrants, about 2.8 percent were born in other provinces while the remaining 0.8 percent were born in foreign countries. In Bangi and Khwaja Ghar, 2.7 percent and 2.4 percent of their respective total populations, were born overseas.

Province/DistrictPlace of Birth

Takhar Other Provinces Foreign Country

Takhar 96.4 2.8 0.8

Taluqan 93.0 5.8 1.1

Hazar-Samoch 99.1 0.1 0.9

Baharak 96.0 2.8 1.2

Bangi 94.9 2.5 2.7

Chal 99.5 0.2 0.2

Namak-Ab 99.7 0.2 0.1

Kalafghan 99.0 0.6 0.3

Farkhar 99.4 0.5 0.1

Khwaja Ghar 94.1 3.5 2.4

Rustaq 99.3 0.6 0.1

Eshkamesh 97.3 1.7 1.1

Dasht-E-Qala 96.4 2.7 0.8

Warsaj 99.7 0.2 0.0


Darqad 98.0 1.9 0.1

Chahab 99.1 0.8 0.1

Yangi Qala 94.9 4.8 0.3

Table 14. Percentage Distribution of Population by Place of Birth and District of Residence: Takhar, September 2015


48

To assess period migration, survey respondents were asked of each household member ‘’Where was __________‘s usual residence in Nawroz 1390?1 About four in five in-migrants were in their current district of residence during Nawroz 1390. Only 1.2 percent were living in other districts of Takhar, 1.0 percent in other provinces, and 1.9 percent in other countries while 16.3 percent were not yet born during Nawroz 1390 (Table 15).

Table 15. Percentage Distribution of Migrants by Residence in Nawroz 1390 and District: Takhar, September 2015

Province/District

Residence in Nawroz 1390

Same District/Same

Province

Other District, Same

Province

Other Province

Other Country

Not Yet Born in Nawroz

1390

Takhar 79.7 1.2 1.0 1.9 16.3

Taluqan 79.1 2.5 1.9 1.2 15.3

Hazar-Samoch 84.1 0.4 0.0 1.4 14.0

Baharak 80.4 0.7 1.2 1.1 16.5

Bangi 80.1 0.7 1.0 2.8 15.4

Chal 82.2 0.2 0.3 1.6 15.7

Namak-Ab 79.3 0.4 0.3 2.7 17.3

Kalafghan 80.9 0.3 0.4 1.6 16.8

Farkhar 79.3 0.6 0.4 2.7 17.0

Khwaja Ghar 80.0 0.7 1.2 1.8 16.3

Rustaq 80.7 0.3 0.5 2.2 16.4

Eshkamesh 80.7 0.1 0.6 2.0 16.6

Dasht-E-Qala 78.7 2.7 0.8 0.9 17.0

Warsaj 79.6 0.6 0.3 4.1 15.4


Darqad 77.4 0.3 0.1 0.1 22.0

Chahab 78.7 0.2 0.4 3.5 17.1

Yangi Qala 80.5 1.3 0.7 0.9 16.5

1 Nawroz 1390 (March 2011) was used as the common reference period for all SDES to achieve a consolidated population count for the entire country. It was during that year that the first SDES was conducted in Bamyan.

Takhar

49

Figure 11. Percentage of Population 15 Years or Older by Work Status and Sex: Takhar, September 2015

The SDES collected data on the main activity carried out by household members 5 years or older during the 12 months prior to the survey. This section is divided into two parts. The first part analyses data on economic activity of 15 years and older population while the second part is about working children age 5-17 years old.

11. Economic Activity

In Takhar Province, 41.0 percent of the population 15 years or older worked for six months or more during the 12 months prior to the survey (Figure 11). A larger proportion among males (72.8 percent) had worked for six months or more compared to females (8.8 percent). A small proportion (2.3 percent) of the population 15 years or older had worked for less than 6 months (3.2 percent among males and 1.4 percent among females), while persons who did not work at all during the reference period comprised 56.7 percent. Among the females, 89.8 percent did not work while only 24.1 percent of the males did not work during the past year.

11.1 Economic Activity of 15 Years Old and Over


50

Figure 12 shows that the proportion of males aged 15 years and older who had some work (regardless of the number of months worked) during the reference year was much higher (75.9 percent) than among their female counterparts (10.2 percent). This pattern was observed in all districts. For males, the highest percentage was in Namak Ab at 83.3 percent, while Eshkamesh had the highest percentage for females at 23.7 percent. The lowest percentage for males was reported in Warsaj (68.2 percent) and Chal (2.6 percent) for females.

Figure 13 shows that more than half (56.7 percent) of the persons aged 15 years and older in all districts, except Eshkamesh and Bangi, did not work during the reference period with the lowest proportion in Namak Ab (50.8 percent) and highest in Warsaj (60.6 percent). Namak-Ab had the highest proportion (48 percent) of population aged 15 years or over who worked for six months or more followed by Bangi (47.8 percent), while Warsaj had the lowest proportion (36.7 percent).

Figure 12. Percentage of Population 15 Years or Older Who Worked in the 12 Months Prior to Survey by Sex and District: Takhar, September 2015

Takhar

51

Figure 14 shows that the highest proportion of population 15 years or older who worked for six months or more during the reference period were in age group 55-59 at 51.4 percent followed by age group 30-34 at 51.3 percent. The proportion of those who did not work was highest in 15-19 age group (73.5 percent) followed by age group 65 and older (65.6 percent) compared to other age groups. Conversely, the proportion that worked for less than six months was lowest among the age group 65 and over (1.5 percent) and highest among the 20-24 age group (2.6 percent).

Figure 12. Percentage of Population 15 Years or Older Who Worked in the 12 Months Prior to Survey by Sex and District: Takhar, September 2015


52

Figure 14. Percentage of Population 15 Years or Older by Work Status and Age Group: Takhar, September 2015

Of the 383 thousand people aged 15 years or older who did not work during the 12 months prior to the survey, only 15.7 percent were either available for work and had actively sought for work or were available for work but had not sought work for various reasons, such as awaiting the result of a job application, temporary illness, or believed that there was no work for them. About 84.1 percent were not available for work (Figure 15).

At the district level, higher proportions of persons 15 years or older who didn’t work but were available for work were in Darqad, Yangi Qala and Khwaja Bahawuddin at 52.4 percent, 43.8 percent and 39.6 percent, respectively. At 94.1 percent, Chahab had the highest proportion of the population 15 years or older that were not available for work (Figure 15).

Takhar

53

Figure 15. Percentage Distribution of Population 15 Years or Older Who Did Not Work by Whether Available for Work or Not and District: Takhar, September 2015

Figure 16 shows the proportion of the population aged 15 years or older who did not do any work but seeking for work, and those available for work but not looking for work, relative to the total population 15 years old or over. For Takhar Province, about 9 of every 100 persons aged 15 years or older were not working but seeking or available for work. This ratio was higher for females than for males: 13 per 100 females while only 5 per 100 males. At the district level, the percentage for females varied from 3.8 percent in Chahab to 50.2 percent in Darqad. For males, it varied from 2.9 percent in Eshkamesh to 8.5 percent in Darqad.


54

Figure 16. Percentage of Population 15 Years or Older Who Were Not Working but Seeking or Available for Work by Sex and District: Takhar, September 2015

Table 16 shows the proportion of the population aged 15 years or older who had some work in the 12 months prior to survey, regardless of the number of months they have worked. Persons who are literate are more likely to engage in economic activity than those who are illiterate. About 45.4 percent of the population aged 15 years or older who are literate had some work during the reference period compared to illiterate persons (42.6 percent).

In the districts, the highest percentage point difference between literate and illiterate population who worked during the 12 months prior to the survey was in Baharak (8.8 percentage points).

Takhar

55

Figure 17 shows that for males and females combined, the percentage of those who were engaged in some economic activities at anytime during the 12 months prior to the survey was lowest among those who attended class 7-12 (38 percent) and highest among those who had reached vocational and higher education (57.8 percent). Among males, the proportions who were engaged in an economic activity at anytime in the 12 months prior to the survey was highest for those who did not attend school or had not completed class 1 at 85.3 percent. For those who had reached a primary level (classes 1-6), those who had some work was at 69.1 percent. For those with vocational or higher level of education, those with work made up 63.9 percent. Among females, the pattern was different, those who had reached vocational or higher education had the highest percentage (43.2 percent) with a job during the reference period.

Province/DistrictWorked in the 12 Months Prior to Survey

Total Literate IlliterateTakhar 43.3 45.4 42.6

Taluqan 40.7 44.5 38.4

Hazar-Samoch 43.3 38.1 43.9

Baharak 42.4 49.4 40.6

Bangi 50.6 55.0 49.4

Chal 39.8 44.2 39.0

Namak-Ab 49.2 53.3 48.7

Kalafghan 48.7 47.7 48.9

Farkhar 42.1 41.2 42.5

Khwaja Ghar 40.4 42.7 39.4

Rustaq 44.8 49.7 43.4

Eshkamesh 52.0 52.2 52.0

Dasht-E-Qala 41.5 41.5 41.6

Warsaj 39.4 37.4 40.8


Darqad 45.8 50.1 44.8

Chahab 40.4 42.1 39.6

Yangi Qala 43.2 45.7 42.2

Table 16. Percentage of Population 15 Years or Older Who Worked by Literacy Status and District: Takhar, September 2015


56

In Takhar, the proportion of persons who were not working but seeking or available for work during the 12 months prior to the survey was highest for those who had reached vocational and higher education (11.6 percent) and followed by those who had reached classes 7-12 (10.9 percent). A similar pattern was observed among males who did not work but seeking or available for work. This percentage was highest for those who had reached vocational and higher education (10.0 percent) and followed by those who had reached classes 7-12 (9 percent). Likewise among females, the percentage of those who were not working but seeking or available for work during the 12 months prior to the survey was highest among those who reached vocational and higher education (15.6 percent) and lowest for those who had no schooling (12.9 percent).

At the district level, in Hazar Samoch, four in five (81.3 percent) of those aged 15 years and older who had reached vocational and higher education did some work during the reference period. Likewise, in Darqad and Yangi Qala, 79.1 percent and 68.4 percent, respectively, of those who had reached vocational and higher education did some work during the reference period. In Bangi, 62.7 percent of the population aged 15 years and older who reached classes 1-6 were reported as having an economic activity in the year prior to survey, the highest in the province. In Khwaja Bahawuddin, 48.2 percent of those aged 15 years old and over who had attended classes 7-12 were reported to have worked during the 12 months prior to survey (Table 17).

Figure 17. Percentage of Population 15 Years or Older by Work Status, Highest Class Completed and Sex: Takhar, September 2015

Takhar

57

Figure 18 shows the distribution of population aged 15 years and older, by sex, who worked at any time during the 12 months prior to survey by their major occupation groups based on the International Standard Occupational Classification (ISOC).

Province/District No Schooling Classes 1-6 Classes 7-12Vocational and Higher Education

Takhar 43.0 50.7 38.0 57.8

Taluqan 39.0 49.7 37.6 56.3

Hazar-Samoch 44.6 27.9 27.4 81.3

Baharak 40.8 51.4 45.1 62.1

Bangi 49.7 62.7 47.6 55.7

Chal 39.6 40.1 36.5 66.8

Namak-Ab 49.4 45.1 42.4 65.4

Kalafghan 49.0 55.6 39.7 65.4

Farkhar 42.7 47.1 34.6 52.6

Khwaja Ghar 39.9 46.6 36.5 58.7

Rustaq 43.9 56.2 41.8 57.6

Eshkamesh 52.9 47.7 45.0 61.5

Dasht-E-Qala 42.1 48.5 33.8 55.1

Warsaj 41.5 44.9 28.2 57.5


Darqad 45.5 50.2 38.6 79.1

Chahab 39.6 51.3 34.1 54.9

Yangi Qala 42.7 50.0 37.5 68.4

Table 17. Percentage Distribution of Population 15 Years or Older Who Worked by Highest Class Completed and District: Takhar, September 2015


58

The agricultural, forestry and fishery workers accounted for the highest proportion of workers in Takhar Province at 24.1 percent; 27.0 percent among males and 2.1 percent among females. Service and sales workers composed the second highest proportion of workers at 22.0 percent and were higher among males (24.0 percent) compared to females (6.9 percent). These include personal service workers (delivery of services at different levels), such as sales, protective services or maintenance and personal care workers, etc. Among female workers, those who were engaged in craft and related trade workers such as manufacturing workers comprised a very significant proportion at 75.1 percent. There was a lower proportion of this type of workers among males (6.4 percent).

Agricultural, forestry and fishery workers constituted the largest group of workers in almost all districts except in Chahab. The proportion of workers in this occupation ranged from 20.3 percent in Chahab to 65.6 percent in Hazar Samoch. Elementary occupations which include cleaners and helpers, street and related sales and service workers, food preparation assistants, agricultural forestry and fishery labourers, refuse workers and other elementary workers, comprised the largest group in Chahab at 23.4 percent (Table 18).

Figure 18. Percentage Distribution of the Population 15 Years or Older Who Worked by Occupation Group and Sex: Takhar, September 2015

Takhar

59

Prov

ince

/ Di

stric

t

Skill

ed a

gric

ultu

ral,

fore

stry

and

fish

ery

wor

kers

Man

ager

s/ P

rofe

ssio

nals

/ Te

chni

cian

s/ C

lerk

s

Serv

ice

and

sale

s w

orke

rs

Craf

t and

rela

ted

trade

w

orke

r

Elem

enta

ry o

ccup

atio

ns

Plan

t and

Mac

hine

O

pera

tors

and

As

sem

bler

s

Oth

ers

Takhar 24.1 7.0 22.0 14.4 14.4 13.3 4.5

Taluqan 23.5 10.9 13.1 17.9 18.3 10.7 5.6

Hazar-Samoch 65.6 2.5 1.4 5.7 11.5 10.3 3.1

Baharak 43.8 4.4 5.2 12.4 14.2 9.7 10.2

Bangi 46.7 3.9 3.8 21.5 5.8 14.8 3.6

Chal 59.2 5.5 3.0 6.1 15.7 4.2 6.3

Namak-Ab 50.2 2.9 3.0 10.5 24.4 7.7 1.4

Kalafghan 43.1 4.7 3.9 22.6 9.7 11.3 4.8

Farkhar 44.8 7.0 5.9 14.7 19.0 6.6 2.0

Khwaja Ghar 33.2 6.1 8.1 12.4 11.2 14.8 14.2

Rustaq 34.6 4.3 6.1 16.9 14.3 21.3 2.5

Eshkamesh 40.1 4.1 6.9 28.6 7.3 11.3 1.7

Dasht-E-Qala 28.1 7.2 7.9 16.1 20.0 14.3 6.5

Warsaj 40.9 10.3 5.0 13.2 16.8 11.3 2.4

Khwaja Bahawuddin 36.3 4.5 9.2 15.5 10.3 21.3 2.9

Darqad 55.9 5.4 5.8 16.0 5.3 9.1 2.6

Chahab 20.3 5.4 8.9 19.9 23.4 20.0 2.1

Yangi Qala 26.3 6.7 18.0 11.9 15.3 19.6 2.2

Table 18. Percentage Distribution of Population Aged 15 Years or Older Who Worked by Occupation Group and District: Takhar, September 2015


60

Figure 19 shows the distribution of population aged 15 years and older who worked at anytime during the 12 months prior to the survey by sex and major industry groups based on the International Standards Industrial Classification (ISIC).

About 44.5 percent of workers in Takhar were involved in agricultural, hunting, forestry and fishing industry. A high proportion (48.9 percent) of males were working in these industries. Another 20.2 percent of male workers were in community, social and personal services and 13.9 percent in construction. Among female workers, 71.6 percent worked in manufacturing, 15.3 percent in community, social and personal services and 10.9 percent in agricultural, hunting and fishing industry.

Table 19 shows that workers in agricultural, hunting, forestry and fishing industry were the majority workers who worked at anytime during the reference year in all districts. The proportion of workers in this industry ranged from 27.6 percent in Taluqan to 81.9 percent in Hazar Samoch. Three in ten workers in Dasht-E-Qala (34.7 percent) and Khwaja Ghar (32.2 percent) were involved in community, social and personal services. Eshkamesh had the highest proportion of workers in manufacturing at 22.7 percent followed by Bangi at 21.6 percent.

Figure 19. Percentage Distribution of the Population 15 Years or Older Who Worked by Industry Group and Sex: Takhar, September 2015

Takhar

61

The distribution of the population aged 15 years and older who were engaged in economic activity in the 12 months prior to the survey, by employment status and sex, is shown in Figure 20. Only 0.3 percent of workers were employers during the reference year while 48.8 percent were employees. The self-employed comprised 41.7 percent and family workers, 9.2 percent.

Among the male workers, 0.4 percent were employers during the reference year while 51.5 percent were employees. The self-employed comprised 40.0 percent and family workers, 8.1 percent. More than half of the female workers (54.3 percent) were self-employed, 28.4 percent were employees and 17.1 percent were family workers.

Table 19. Percentage Distribution of the Population 15 Years or Older Who Worked by Industry Group and District: Takhar, September 2015

Prov

ince

/Di

stric

t

Agric

ultu

ral,

Hunt

ing,

Fo

rest

ry a

nd

Fish

ing

Com

mun

ity,

Soci

al a

nd

Pers

onal

Se

rvic

es

Man

ufac

turin

g

Who

lesa

le

and

Reta

il Tr

ade

and

Rest

aura

nts

and

Hote

ls

Cons

truct

ion

Oth

ers

Takhar 44.5 19.6 10.9 8.4 11.6 4.9

Taluqan 27.6 25.5 9.9 13.4 16.0 7.7

Hazar-Samoch 81.9 6.3 4.5 3.2 3.4 0.7

Baharak 50.3 25.3 8.9 4.4 7.1 4.0

Bangi 57.9 10.4 21.6 3.7 4.0 2.3

Chal 62.5 15.3 3.3 3.0 14.5 1.4

Namak-Ab 54.0 6.4 10.3 3.1 7.6 18.5

Kalafghan 51.2 20.1 13.0 3.4 9.0 3.3

Farkhar 46.7 21.3 9.5 4.8 13.3 4.4

Khwaja Ghar 44.3 32.2 7.6 7.7 4.4 3.8

Rustaq 51.7 13.8 10.4 7.2 13.6 3.2

Eshkamesh 48.8 9.5 22.7 8.6 7.8 2.5

Dasht-E-Qala 37.8 34.7 8.9 8.2 6.5 4.0

Warsaj 49.9 17.0 6.8 4.6 17.8 3.8


Darqad 59.2 17.8 8.1 5.8 3.8 5.3

Chahab 36.7 16.2 9.4 10.4 20.0 7.2

Yangi Qala 57.5 15.1 8.3 7.7 7.6 3.9


62

Figure 20. Percentage Distribution of the Population 15 Years or Older Who Worked by Status of Employment and Sex: Takhar, September 2015

Figure 21 shows that employees made up the largest proportion of workers in 12 out of 17 districts in the province. The self-employed comprised the largest share in Darqad (66 percent), Eshkamesh (54.8 percent), Hazar Samoch (43.3 percent), Khwaja Bahawuddin (42.4 percent) and Namak Ab (42 percent). The percentage of family workers was highest in Hazar Samoch (20.0 percent) as compared to other districts while employers were highest in Taluqan (0.7 percent).

Takhar

62

Figure 21. Percentage Distribution of the Population 15 Years or Older Who Worked by Status of Employment and District: Takhar, September 2015

The 2015 Takhar SDES found that 7.7 percent (37 thousand) of children aged 5-17 years worked at any time during the 12 months before the survey, while the remaining 92.3 percent did not work (Table 20). Boys (12.6 percent) were more likely to work than girls (2.7 percent).

Among the districts, Bangi (14.4 percent), Kalafghan (12.8 percent), Khwaja Bahawuddin (12 percent), Namak Ab (11.5 percent) and Eshkamesh (11.1 percent) had the higher proportions of working children in the 5-17 age group.

11.2 Working Children Aged 5-17 Years


63

Table 20. Number and Percentage Distribution of Children 5-17 Years Old by Work Status, Sex, Age Group and District: Takhar, September 2015

Sex/Age Group/DistrictWorked at any time in 12 months prior

to surveyDid not work Number (000)

Total 7.7 92.3 473

Sex

Boys 12.6 87.4 242

Girls 2.7 97.3 232

Age Group

5-9 0.9 99.1 203

Boys 1.4 98.6 104

Girls 0.3 99.7 99

10-12 5.4 94.6 117

Boys 8.9 91.1 61

Girls 1.6 98.4 56

13-17 18.7 81.3 153

Boys 30.6 69.4 77

Girls 6.6 93.4 76

District

Taluqan 6.2 93.8 125

Hazar Samoch 10.1 89.9 5

Baharak 7.0 93.0 22

Bangi 14.4 85.6 16

Chal 5.4 94.6 12

Namak Ab 11.5 88.5 6

Kalafghan 12.8 87.2 18

Farkhar 5.5 94.5 22

Khwaja Ghar 5.1 94.9 26

Takhar

64

Figure 22. Percentage Distribution of Working Children 5-17 Years Old by District: Takhar, September 2015

Sex/Age Group/DistrictWorked at any time in 12 months prior

to surveyDid not work Number (000)

Rustaq 9.4 90.6 73

Eshkamesh 11.1 88.9 28

Dasht-E-Qala 5.4 94.6 23

Warsaj 4.1 95.9 14

Khwaja Bahawuddin 12.0 88.0 18

Darqad 9.8 90.2 9

Chahab 4.9 95.1 34

Yangi Qala 8.4 91.6 23

Figure 22 shows that Taluqan had the largest share of working children at 21.2 percent of the total number of working children in the province, followed by Rustaq (18.7 percent) and Eshkamesh (8.6 percent). The lowest share of working children was in Hazar Samoch at 1.3 percent.


65

As expected, children who were not attending school were more likely to work than those still attending school. Among children aged 5-17 years who were not attending school at the time of survey, 10.3 percent worked at any time during the 12 months before the survey. Among those attending school, 5.2 percent worked during the reference period. Among males aged 5-17 years who were not attending school, 18.3 percent worked during the reference year, compared to 7.8 percent of those who were in school. The corresponding percentages for females were 3.4 percent and 1.8 percent, respectively (Figure 23).

Among children aged 13-17 years old who were not attending school, 28.5 percent worked during the reference year, compared to 11.3 percent of those who were attending school (Figure 24). Among children aged 10-12 years who were not attending school, 10.5 percent worked during the reference year, while 2.4 percent worked among those who were attending school. For children aged 5-9 years, only 0.5 percent worked among those who were attending school and 1.1 percent among those who were not attending school.

Figure 23. Percentage of Children 5-17 Years Old Who Worked by Sex and School Attendance: Takhar, September 2015

Takhar

3466

The majority of working children in Takhar Province were agricultural, forestry and fishery workers (Figure 25). The child workers in this industry comprised 44.8 percent of all working children aged 5-17 years: 51.9 percent among working males and 10.3 percent among working females. Children engaged in craft and related trade were the second largest group at 24.6 percent: males at 13.7 percent and females at 77.4 percent. Children engaged in other industries were the third largest group at 13.8 percent (males at 14.8 percent and girls at 8.7 percent).

Figure 24. Percentage of Children 5-17 Years Old Who Worked by Age Group and School Attendance: Takhar, September 2015


3567

Figure 25. Percentage Distribution of Working Children 5-17 Years Old by Sex and Occupation Group: Takhar, September 2015

The 2015 Takhar SDES asked questions that sought to determine whether a person had difficulty in seeing, hearing, walking, remembering, communicating and self-caring. These questions were asked for all household members aged 5 years or older in the sample households.

In Takhar Province, about 1.5 percent of the population aged 5 years or older at the time of the survey had a functional

walking, remembering, communicating, and self-caring. Figure 26 shows that this proportion was higher among males (1.8 percent) than among females (1.2 percent).

12. Functional Difficulty

Takhar (2015) 1.5

Samangan (2015) 3.2

Kapisa (2014) 2.1

Parwan (2014) 1.8

Kabul (2013) 1.7

Ghor (2012) 4.8

Daikundi (2012) 3.6

Bamyan (2011) 5.3

Source: SDES

Text Box 7: Proportion of Population 5 Years Old and Over with Functional Difficulty

Takhar

68

Figure 26. Percentage of the Population 5 Years or Older with Functional Difficulty by Sex: Takhar, September 2015

Figure 27. Percentage of the Population 5 Years or Older With Functional Difficulty by District: Takhar, September 2015

Figure 27 shows the percentage of the population aged 5 years or older with functional difficulty by district. Hazar-Samoch (2.9 percent) and Namak-Ab (2.3 percent) had the highest proportions of population aged 5 years and older with functional difficulty. Khwaja-Bahawuddin and Bangi had the lowest percentage with 1.1 percent each.


69

As shown in Figure 28, there seems to be a positive correlation between age and functional difficulty: as age increases the proportion with a functional difficulty also increases. Having at least one type of functional difficulty was more prevalent among 65 years old or older with (15.4 percent). The proportion was higher among women (16.5 percent) than men (14.8 percent).

Among the age group 5-9 years, the proportion of having functional difficulty was at 0.6 percent (0.7 percent among boys and 0.6 percent among girls). Communicating, self-caring and remembering were the common types of functional difficulty at 0.3 percent each for 5-9 age group. Among those in the 65 years and older age group, walking (8.7 percent), seeing (6.8 percent) and hearing (5.6 percent) were the more prevalent types of functional difficulty.

Figure 29 shows that difficulty in walking was the most commonly reported functional difficulty (0.7 percent). This was higher among males (0.8 percent) compared to females (0.6 percent). It was followed by difficulty in seeing, hearing and remembering at 0.4 percent each. Except for difficulty in remembering, in all difficulties the proportions for males were higher as compared to females.

Figure 28. Percentage of the Population 5 Years or Older with Functional Difficulty by Sex and Age Group: Takhar, September 2015

Takhar

70

The proportion of those with functional difficulty was highest among widowed persons at 10.3 percent, followed by those divorced/separated from their spouses at 8.2 percent (Figure 30).

Figure 29. Percentage of the Population 5 Years Old or Older with Functional Difficulty by Type of Difficulty and Sex: Takhar, September 2015

Figure 30. Percentage of the Population 5 Years or Older With Functional Difficulty by Marital Status and Sex: Takhar, September 2015


71

Fertility of women in a population refers to their actual birth performance. Fertility normally relates to live births. The 2015 Takhar SDES included questions designed to gather data on the fertility of women. Specifically the data collected pertain to the number of children ever born (CEB) alive to each ever-married woman in sample households and the number of live births born in the 12 months prior to survey by each ever-married woman below 50 years of age.

Typical census questions on lifetime and recent fertility were asked in the SDES which were addressed to ever-married women aged 10-49 years. On lifetime fertility, questions on total number of live births and number of currently alive and dead were asked for sons and daughters separately. Regarding recent fertility, questions were asked on whether women had a live birth 12 months preceding the survey, and the number of live births by sex.

At the time of the survey, there were about 203 thousand ever-married women aged 15-49 in Takhar Province. Out of this figure, 10.8 percent did not have any child. As expected, the percentage of ever-married women without children was highest in the age group 15-19 years with those childless comprising more than half (54.7 percent) of all ever-married women in this age group. Those with one child made up 11.0 percent while those with two children 11.7 percent.

13. Fertility

Table 21. Percentage Distribution of Ever-Married Women Aged 15-49 Years by Number of Children Ever Born and Age of Women: Takhar, September 2015

Age group

Number of Children Ever Born Alive

Num

ber

of E

MW

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Total 10.8 11.0 11.7 11.2 11.1 10.2 9.4 7.8 6.7 4.2 5.9 203,000

15-19 54.7 31.6 10.7 2.3 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 12,000

20-24 20.5 28.4 26.1 14.7 6.9 2.3 0.8 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.0 40,000

25-29 7.5 9.5 16.6 20.7 20.3 13.4 7.3 2.9 1.1 0.4 0.2 44,000

30-34 4.5 3.7 6.7 11.1 15.8 18.1 16.5 11.4 6.8 2.9 2.4 31,000

35-39 3.0 2.2 3.7 5.5 8.7 12.7 16.5 16.2 14.3 8.3 9.0 32,000

40-44 3.4 2.3 3.4 5.1 7.0 10.0 12.3 13.4 14.8 11.0 17.4 26,000

45-49 2.9 2.2 3.1 5.1 7.3 9.2 11.4 12.4 14.1 10.8 21.6 18,000

Takhar

72

The fertility of Takhar women is high. Table 22 shows that, on the average, Takhar women who were in their early twenties have given birth to about two children, while those in their late thirties, about six children. Women in their late forties have given birth to seven children, on the average. Women aged 45-49 represent the women with completed fertility. The mean CEB for age group 45-49 can be used to compare the fertility of different populations. Women in Dasht-E-Qala and Rustaq had the highest fertility. Ever-married women aged 45-49 years in these districts had given birth to 7.9 and 7.8 children, respectively, on average. Chal and Eshkamesh Districts had the lowest fertility as suggested by the mean CEB of its ever-married women aged 45-49 years, which is 6.6 children.

Due to the abridged nature of the questions asked on lifetime and recent fertility, the scope for internal validation and cross-checking of the answers given was limited. Responses commonly suffer from two types of errors. First, data on lifetime fertility tends to be reported poorly with increasing age of the mother which often leads to the omission of children who have died or who were no longer living with the mother. Second, recent fertility tends to be systematically underreported by all women, similar to widespread under-enumeration of the youngest children in the household head count (Moultrie TA, et al., 2013).

Table 22. Mean Number of CEB Among Ever-Married Women Aged 15-49 Years by Age of Women and District: Takhar, September 2015

Age

Gro

up

Takh

ar

Talu

qan

Haza

r Sam

och

Baha

rak

Bang

i

Chal

Nam

ak-A

b

Kala

fgha

n

Fark

har

Khw

aja

Gha

r

Rust

aq

Eshk

ames

h

Dash

t-E-

Qal

a

War

saj

Khw

aja

Baha

wud

din

Darq

ad

Chah

ab

Yang

i Qal

a

Total 4.8 4.9 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.6 4.5 4.7 4.9 4.8 5.1 4.5 5.1 4.5 4.9 4.5 5.0 4.7

15-19 1.4 1.4 1.1 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.5 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.4

20-24 2.1 2.2 1.8 1.9 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.2 2.5 2.0 2.1

25-29 3.6 3.6 3.1 3.4 3.4 3.7 3.5 3.8 3.8 3.4 3.8 3.4 3.7 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.6 3.4

30-34 5.1 5.1 4.9 4.9 4.7 5.2 4.9 5.3 5.4 5.1 5.4 4.8 5.3 4.6 5.3 4.9 5.1 5.0

35-39 6.4 6.4 6.1 6.3 6.0 6.5 5.9 6.4 6.5 6.4 6.9 6.0 6.9 5.8 6.7 5.9 6.7 6.1

40-44 7.0 7.1 6.5 6.9 6.6 6.3 6.1 6.9 6.9 7.0 7.4 6.3 7.8 6.3 7.1 6.6 7.7 7.1

45-49 7.3 7.2 7.1 7.0 7.1 6.6 7.5 6.9 7.5 7.4 7.8 6.6 7.9 6.7 7.3 6.9 7.6 7.0


73

For SDES, the Relational Gompertz Method was used for fertility estimation which is a refinement of the Brass P/F ratio method. This method estimates the age-specific and total fertility by determining the shape of the fertility schedule from recent births while determining its level from the reported average parities of younger women. This method seeks to remedy the errors commonly found in the fertility data associated with too few or too many births being reported in the reference period, and the under-reporting of lifetime fertility and errors of age reporting among older women (Moultrie et al., 2013).

The age-specific and total fertility were estimated using the Relational Gompertz Model based on recent and lifetime fertility of women in Takhar Province. The Total Fertility Rate (TFR) of a population is a measure of fertility level and is defined as the average number of children a woman would have if she went through her entire reproductive period (15-49 years) reproducing at the currently prevailing Age Specific Fertility Rate (ASFR). ASFRs are estimated by dividing the number of births to the number of women in a specific age group. Additional measures of fertility reported in the table are the General Fertility Rate (GFR), which represents the annual number of births per 1,000 women aged 15-49 and the Crude Birth Rate (CBR), which is expressed as the annual number of live births per 1,000 population.

Table 23 shows a TFR of 7.3 children per woman in Takhar Province. Among districts, total fertility rates ranged from 6.3 children in Namak-Ab and Warsaj to 8.3 children in Dasht-E-Qala.

GFR was recorded at 219 births per 1,000 women 15 to 49 years old while CBR was 32 births per 1,000 population. Kwaja Bahawuddin’s GFR was the highest among the districts (239) while Darqad had the highest CBR at 41 births per 1,000 population.

13.1 Fertility Level

Takhar (2015) 7.3

Samangan (2015) 6.9

Kapisa (2014) 7.2

Parwan (2014) 6.8

Kabul (2013) 6.3

Ghor (2012) 6.1

Daykundi (2012) 7.6

Bamiyan (2011) 7.8

Source: SDES

Text Box 8: Total Fertility Rate

Takhar

74

Figure 31 shows the age specific fertility rates (per 1,000 women) by age of women at the province level. Also shown in Figure 31 are ASFR of women in Dasht-E-Qala, which has the highest TFR and Namak-Ab and Warsaj, which had the lowest TFRs. ASFRs for all four consistently peaks at ages 25-29 On the other hand, teenage fertility is highest in Darqad District.

Province/District TFR GFR CBR

Takhar 7.3 219 33

Taluqan 7.4 225 33

Hazar Samoch 6.8 199 31

Baharak 6.9 208 35

Bangi 6.8 197 31

Chal 7.2 220 26

Namak-Ab 6.3 201 26

Kalafghan 7.3 226 30

Farkhar 7.0 213 31

Khwaja Ghar 7.5 221 35

Rustaq 7.6 225 33

Eshkamesh 7.0 210 22

Dasht-E-Qala 8.3 234 36

Warsaj 6.3 190 31

Khwaja Bahuwuddin 7.9 239 31

Darqad 7.2 234 41

Chahab 7.9 234 36

Yangi-Qala 7.4 219 34

Table 23. TFR, GFR and CBR by District: Takhar, September 2015


75

Figure 31. Age Specific Fertility Rates of Takhar Province, Dasht E-Qala, Namak-Ab and Warsaj Districts: September 2015

Birth registration, establishes the existence of the child under law and provides the foundation for safeguarding many of the child’s civil, political, economic, social and cultural rights. Article 7 of the Convention on the Rights of the Child specifies that every child has the right to be registered at birth without any discrimination (UNICEF n.d.).

SDES used the standard question ‘’Does _______ have a birth certificate?’’ for all children under 5 years of age. About 32.8 percent of the births of children under 5 were registered in Takhar. The birth registration rates for boys and girls were exactly the same at 32.8 percent. Figure 32 reveals that infants had the highest registered births at 38.7 percent, followed by children age 1 year old at 37.3 percent. The lowest birth registration was at age four with 25.7 percent.

14. Birth Registration

Takhar

76

Figure 32. Percentage of Registered Births for Population Below 5 Years Old by Sex: Takhar, September 2015

Figure 33. Percentage of Registered Births for Population Below 5 Years Old by District: Takhar, September 2015

Figure 33 shows the high disparity of birth registration by district. Darqad (65.3 percent) and Eshkamesh (61.6 percent) had the highest proportions of registered births while Chal (10.7 percent) had the lowest.


77

Table 24 shows that at the district level, boys were more likely to be registered than girls. Exceptions to this pattern are in Eshkamesh, Darqad and Namak-Ab where the birth registration of girls was higher by 5.4 percent, 2.2 percent and 1.2 percent, respectively.

Province/District Male Female

Takhar 32.8 32.8

Taluqan 25.2 24.0

Hazar-Samoch 33.6 30.7

Baharak 18.5 18.4

Bangi 36.2 35.8

Chal 11.0 10.4

Namak-Ab 39.4 40.5

Kalafghan 26.9 26.1

Farkhar 16.6 14.6


Rustaq 24.6 24.1

Eshkamesh 58.6 64.1


Warsaj 51.3 49.8


Darqad 64.1 66.3

Chahab 35.5 33.2


Table 24. Proportion of Registered Births for Population Below 5 Years Old by Sex and District: Takhar, September 2015

Takhar

78

The proportions of registered births in other provinces where SDES was conducted are presented in Text Box 9. Takhar birth registration (32.8 percent) was lower than the other provinces, except for Samangan (28 percent), Daikundi (16.3 percent) and Ghor (9.0 percent).

Takhar (2015) 32.8


Kapisa (2014) 53.8

Parwan (2014) 55.9

Kabul (2013) 66.0

Ghor (2012) 9.0

Daikundi (2012) 16.3

Source: SDES

Text Box 9: Registered Births

This chapter describes estimated levels of infant and under-five mortality in Takhar Province. These are important indicators of a country’s or an area’s socio-economic development and quality of life, as well as the population’s health status. Measures of child mortality also contribute to a better understanding of the progress of population and health programmes and policies.

Early childhood mortality in general and infant mortality in particular are often used as broad indicators of socio-economic development or specific indicators of health status. These indicators are used for monitoring the country’s progress toward MDG 4, which aims for a reduction by 50 percent, between 2003 and 2015, and a further reduction by one third of the 2003 level by 2020 (Islamic Republic of Afghanistan MDG Report 2012). These indicators are also included in SDG 3, to end preventable deaths of newborns and children under 5 years of ages, with all countries aiming to reduce neonatal mortality to at least as low as 12 per 1,000 live births and under-5 mortality to at least as low as 25 per 1,000 live births by 2030.

Early childhood mortality indicators are expressed in age categories and are customarily defined as follows:

• Infant mortality: the probability of dying between birth and first birthday • Under five mortality: the probability of dying between birth and the fifth birthday

15. MORTALITY


79

The SDES questions asked ever-married women of reproductive age about children ever born, and number of children currently alive, as well as those who died, by sex.

The Trussel variant of the Brass method, an indirect method, was used to estimate the early childhood mortality indicators for Takhar Province. This method utilized information on aggregate number of children ever born and children still alive (or dead reported by women) classified by the latter’s age group and the Coale-Demeny West Mortality Models.

Table 25 presents infant (IMR) and under five mortality rates (U5MR) with a reference date of March 2012. It is estimated that the infant mortality rate in Takhar Province is 59 infant deaths per 1,000 live births and that the under-five mortality is 79 children below 5 years of age deaths per 1,000 live births. The corresponding figures for males are 66 and 87, respectively, and for females, 51 and 70, respectively.

The mortality risk for children of women aged 15-19 are frequently higher than for other age groups. Two factors account for this pattern: the distribution of children by birth order and socio-economic factors. First births are known to be at higher risk of dying than higher-order births, and children born to younger women include an above-average proportion of first births. Women having children at early ages tend to come from lower socio-economic groups, and their children are thus exposed to above-average mortality (Moultrie et al., 2013).

Table 25. Estimates of Infant Mortality and Under-Five Mortality Rates by Sex: Takhar, September 2015

Sex IMR U5MR

Both Sexes 59 79

Male 66 87

Female 51 70

Takhar

80

Estimates of infant and under-five mortality rates of Takhar, Samangan, Kapisa, Parwan, Kabul, Bamiyan, Ghor and Daykundi Provinces are shown in Text Box 10.

The infant and under five mortality rates in Takhar are lower than in Samangan, Parwan, Ghor, Daikundi and Bamyan but higher than in Kapisa and Kabul. Caution should be considered in comparing these indicators as their reference years vary due to different timing of the conduct of SDES in these provinces.

Figure 34: Percentage of Orphaned Children Below 5 Years Old: Takhar, September 2015

IMR U5MR

Takhar (2015) 59 79

Samangan (2015) 81 114

Kapisa (2014) 55 72

Parwan (2014) 59 80

Kabul (2013) 43 54

Ghor (2012) 70 97

Daikundi (2012) 76 105

Bamyan (2011) 86 122

Source: SDES

Text Box 10: Early Childhood Mortality Rates

Figure 34 shows the living status of parents of 218 thousand children below five years old. The figure reveals that 1.06 percent of the children in Takhar Province had lost at least one parent while 98.93 percent of the children had both parents still alive. The proportion of children who had lost only their father was 0.76 percent while 0.26 percent for those who had lost only their mother. The proportion of children below five years old who had lost both parents was 0.04 percent.

16. PARENTS’ LIVING STATUS


81

Figure 35 presents the living status of parents of children below five years old by district. The proportion was highest in Kalafghan where 1.64 percent of the children in that age group had lost at least one parent while the lowest was in Hazar Samoch at 0.76 percent. The proportion of children aged 0-4 years who had lost both parents was highest in Chal at 0.18 percent.

The comparison on the parent’s living status in Takhar, Samangan, Kapisa, Parwan, Kabul, Ghor and Daykundi is shown in Text Box 11. Takhar’s proportion of children who had lost at least one parent was higher than in Parwan (0.98 percent), Kabul (0.75 percent) but lower than in Kapisa (1.11 percent), Samangan (1.21 percent), Ghor (1.50 percent), and Daykundi (2.5 percent). Moreover, among the seven provinces, Takhar and Kapisa recorded the lowest proportion of children who had lost both their parents.

Figure 35: Percentage of Orphaned Children Below 5 Years Old by District: Takhar, September 2015

Takhar

82

The Province of Takhar had a total of 190 thousand households with an average household size of 6.7 persons, which is lower than the national average (7.4 persons). Households with 2-5 members accounted for 36.7 percent, while one-person households comprised only 0.8 percent. Among the districts, Namak Ab (5.4 persons), Hazar Samoch (6.1 persons), Warsaj (6.2 persons), Chal (6.3 persons), Farkhar (6.5 persons), Rustaq (6.5 persons) and Chahab (6.5 persons) had lower average household size than the provincial average (Table 26).

The average household size in Bangi, Eshkamesh, Darqad and Yangi Qala had the same average household size in the province (6.7 persons). While the rest of the districts was above the provincial average, which ranged from 6.8 persons (Kalafghan) to 7.1 persons (Baharak and Khwaja Ghar).

Only mother alive

Only father alive Both parents dead

Takhar 0.76 0.26 0.04

Samangan (2015) 0.78 0.34 0.09

Kapisa (2014) 0.81 0.22 0.04

Parwan (2014) 0.65 0.21 0.06

Kabul (2013) 0.49 0.21 0.05

Ghor (2012) 0.70 0.60 0.20

Daykundi (2012) 1.50 0.60 0.40

Source: SDES

Text Box 11: Parents’ Living Status

17. HOUSEHOLD CHARACTERISTICS17.1 Size of Households

Takhar (2015)* 6.7

Samangan (2015)* 5.9

Kapisa (2014)* 6.8

Parwan (2014)* 6.8

Kabul (2013)* 6.9

Ghor (2012)* 5.6

Daykundi (2012)* 9.0

Bamiyan (2011)* 7.4

Afghanistan** 7.4

Sources: *SDES

**ALCS 2013-2014

Text Box 12: Average Household Size


83

Table 26. Percentage Distribution of Households by Size, Average Household Size and District: Takhar, September 2015

Prov

ince

/ Di

stric

t

1 pe

rson

2 pe

rson

3 pe

rson

4 pe

rson

5 pe

rson

6 pe

rson

7 pe

rson

8 pe

rson

9 pe

rson

Pers

ons

or

Mor

e

Aver

age

Hous

ehol

d Si

ze

Takhar 0.8 6.0 8.1 10.7 11.8 12.9 12.7 11.6 9.2 16.1 6.7

Taluqan 0.6 4.4 6.8 10.3 11.6 13.0 13.2 12.2 10.0 18.1 7.0

Hazar Samoch 1.2 8.2 11.5 9.3 12.9 13.3 13.7 11.8 6.9 11.3 6.1

Baharak 0.8 4.6 7.2 9.5 11.7 11.9 12.3 12.2 11.0 18.8 7.1

Bangi 0.6 6.3 8.4 10.0 12.1 13.7 12.9 11.9 8.3 15.8 6.7

Chal 0.7 8.3 9.8 11.6 11.1 12.5 12.2 10.3 10.1 13.4 6.3

Namak Ab 2.5 13.6 12.5 15.3 12.8 12.6 9.3 8.1 5.6 7.7 5.4

Kalafghan 0.4 6.4 8.6 10.2 11.4 11.9 12.6 12.1 9.7 16.6 6.8

Farkhar 0.9 6.9 8.7 11.5 11.7 12.2 12.1 11.7 9.5 14.7 6.5

Khwaja Ghar 0.2 4.6 7.3 9.8 11.6 13.0 13.1 12.2 9.9 18.4 7.1

Rustaq 1.1 7.1 9.4 11.3 11.6 12.6 13.1 11.1 8.4 14.4 6.5

Eshkamesh 0.5 7.3 8.5 10.8 11.7 12.5 11.2 11.5 9.5 16.4 6.7

Dasht-EQala 0.9 6.5 8.3 9.8 10.5 11.6 12.5 11.7 9.9 18.3 6.9

Warsaj 1.1 6.8 8.0 11.4 14.7 15.8 14.5 11.2 6.6 9.9 6.2

Khwaja Bahawuddin

0.4 4.2 8.1 11.0 11.5 13.1 12.4 12.5 9.6 17.2 6.9

Darqad 0.3 3.5 5.4 12.0 16.4 15.9 12.5 10.2 8.9 15.0 6.7

Chahab 1.2 7.1 8.6 10.9 12.1 13.3 12.1 11.3 8.6 14.6 6.5

Yangi Qala 0.8 5.5 8.0 11.5 12.1 13.4 11.8 11.3 8.9 16.6 6.7

Takhar

84

Figure 36. Percentage Distribution of Households by Main Source of Energy for Cooking and District: Takhar, September 2015

17.2 Main Source of Energy for CookingThe most common source of energy for cooking in Takhar Province was animal dung, which is used by 45.9 percent of households used as fuel for cooking (Figure 36). Wood was used by 34.0 percent of households, Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) by 9.5 percent, straw/shrubs/grass by 6.7 percent of households and the remaining 3.9 percent of the households used other types of fuels such as kerosene, charcoal, electricity, biogas, coal/lignite and agricultural crop residues for cooking.

Animal dung was a popular fuel for cooking in Hazar Samoch (94.6 percent), Kalafghan (92.3 percent), Rustaq (80.2 percent) and Chahab (74.3 percent). Wood was the main source of energy for cooking in Warsaj used by 78.1 percent of households, Darqad (75.1 percent) and Farkhar (70.4 percent), while LPG was used as energy for cooking in Taluqan by 28.6 percent of households.


85

Animal dung/bushes was the main source of energy for heating in Takhar Province and was used by nearly half of all households (46.9 percent) as fuel for heating (Figure 37). Wood was the second source of energy for heating in the province and was used by 41.6 percent of households, followed by charcoal (5.6 percent), and coal (3.4 percent). The remaining 2.5 percent of households used other types of fuels such as gas/ kerosene/ diesel, electricity, etc.

The majority of the households used animal dung/bushes as fuel for heating in Hazar Samoch (95.0 percent), Kalafghan (86.7 percent), Rustaq (85.8 percent), Chahab (78.4 percent), Bangi (65.2 percent), and Baharak (51.6 percent).

Wood was used for heating by four in five households in Darqad (88.0 percent) while coal was also the main source of fuel for heating in Namak Ab and was used by 33.3 percent of households.

Figure 37. Percentage Distribution of Households by Main Source of Energy for Heating and District: Takhar, September 2015

17.3 Main Source of Energy for Heating

Takhar

86

Solar energy was the leading source of energy for lighting among households in Takhar Province. It was used by 52.9 percent of the total households, followed by electricity (34.8 percent) and kerosene lamp (8.9 percent) as shown in Figure 38. A small proportion of households (3.4 percent) reported other sources of energy for lighting such as gas lamp, candle, etc.

The majority of the households in Eshkamesh (90.3 percent), Khwaja Bahawuddin (87.2 percent), Dasht-E-Qala (86.6 percent), Chahab (86 percent), Kalafghan (85.5 percent), Darqad (77.3 percent), Rustaq (76.1 percent) and Yangi Qala (69.4 percent) used solar power for lighting.

Electricity (from generator, gridline or hydropower) was the main source of energy for lighting in Warsaj, Bangi, Farkhar and Taluqan (97.1 percent, 80.1 percent, 66.2 percent and 66.4 percent of the total households, respectively). Three in ten households in Hazar Samoch (35.2 percent) and Namak Ab (32.4 percent) used kerosene lamp as the second leading source of energy for lighting.

Figure 38. Percentage Distribution of Households by Main Source of Energy for Lighting and District: Takhar, September 2015

17.4 Main Source of Energy for Lighting


87

In Takhar Province, the main source of drinking water was protected wells (29.9 percent). The majority of the households in Taluqan (59.5 percent) and Yangi Qala (55.2 percent) drew water from this source (Table 27).

Table 27 shows also that a little lower than half (47.8 percent) of the households in Takhar province had access to improved sources of drinking water.2 About 30 percent of households drew water from protected well, 6.8 percent from protected spring, 5.6 percent from water piped to dwelling/compound/neighbors, and 5.5 percent from tube well boreholes.

Khwaja Bahawuddin had the largest proportion of households with access to improved drinking water sources (79.2 percent), followed by Yangi Qala (75.1 percent), Taluqan (71.5 percent) and Namak Ab (70.4 percent). In Khwaja Bahawuddin, tube well boreholes and protected wells were the main sources of improved drinking water covering 48.3 percent and 29.6 percent of households, respectively. A large proportion of households (70 percent) in Namak Ab obtained drinking water from protected spring.

More than half of the households in Bangi (55.3 percent), followed by Khwaja Ghar (52.1 percent) obtained drinking water from surface water, such as river, stream, dam, lake, pond and canal, etc. One in two household in Kalafghan got their drinking water from public tap.

17.5 Main Source of Water for Drinking, Washing, Cooking and Other Uses

Takhar (2015)* 47.8Samangan (2015)* 19.7 Kapisa (2014)* 44.1Parwan (2014)* 41.3Kabul (2013)* 78.4Ghor (2012)* 20.3Daykundi (2012)* 14.0Bamiyan (2011)* 15.5

Afghanistan** 64.8

Sources: *SDES

**ALCS 2013-2014

Text Box 13: Proportion of Households Using Improved Drinking Water Sources

Takhar

88

Others

Surface water

(river, stream, dam

, lake, pond, canal

Unprotected spring

Protected spring

Water from

spring

Unprotected W

ell

Protected Well

Dug well

Tubewell borehole

Public tap

Piped to neighbor

Piped into compound

Piped into dwelling

Piped Water

Total

Source of Drinking Water

0.9

18.0

5.9

6.8

12.6

11.0

29.9

40.9

5.5

16.4

0.6

3.4

1.6

22.0

100 Takhar

0.2

18.8

1.2

5.0

6.2

5.3

59.5

64.8

2.9

3.0

0.5

0.9

2.7

7.2

100 Taluqan

2.4

18.7

6.7

3.2

9.9

45.2

12.2

57.4

0.0

11.4

0.1

0.0

0.0

11.5

100 Hazar Samoch

0.1

31.4

6.2

4.7

10.9

12.6

37.5

50.1

7.0

0.2

0.0

0.0

0.1

0.4

100 Baharak

0.1

55.3

2.1

4.9

7.0

3.4

32.1

35.5

0.0

2.1

0.0

0.0

0.0

2.2

100 Bangi

0.1

22.0

22.5

37.8

60.3

1.4

2.5

3.9

0.0

13.2

0.0

0.2

0.3

13.7

100 Chal

0.1

19.8

4.3

70.0

74.3

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

5.4

0.0

0.0

0.4

5.8

100 Namak Ab

0.0

3.0

4.2

8.3

12.6

6.3

18.7

25.0

1.6

50.1

2.1

5.0

0.5

57.8

100 Kalafghan

0.0

14.1

10.1

4.0

14.1

1.2

8.7

9.8

0.1

17.4

2.3

35.6

6.5

61.8

100 Farkhar

1.6

52.1

0.4

0.3

0.7

8.8

19.0

27.9

0.4

15.4

0.3

1.1

0.4

17.3

100 Khawaja Ghar2.0

9.5

10.9

8.4

19.3

4.0

11.4

15.4

7.6

44.2

0.0

0.3

1.5

46.0

100 Rustaq

2.3

18.1

20.1

5.0

25.1

22.1

18.5

40.6

0.5

13.2

0.2

0.0

0.1

13.4

100 Eshkamesh

0.2

2.2

0.8

0.8

1.6

53.4

41.8

95.2

0.4

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.0

0.4

100 Dasht-E- Qala

0.4

21.9

2.6

1.9

4.5

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.0

24.6

3.5

36.4

7.9

72.5

100 Warsaj

0.2

2.5

1.0

1.0

2.0

16.5

29.6

46.1

48.3

0.6

0.2

0.0

0.0

0.9

100 Khwaja Bahawwudin

0.2

31.6

0.9

0.5

1.4

17.6

25.4

43.0

23.0

0.0

0.6

0.1

0.1

0.8

100 Darqad

1.6

5.6

8.4

7.9

16.3

25.1

10.0

35.1

0.6

39.2

0.9

0.4

0.2

40.8

100 Chahab

2.9

13.1

1.1

1.1

2.2

7.8

55.2

63.0

18.6

0.0

0.1

0.0

0.0

0.1

100 Yangi Qala

Table 27. Percentage Distribution of H

ouseholds by Main Source of D

rinking Water and D

istrict: Takhar, Septem

ber 2015


89

Figure 39. Proportion of Households with Access to Improved Drinking Water Source by District: Takhar, September 2015

Surface water was also the main source of water for washing, cooking and other uses for most households (25.7 percent) in Takhar. The majority of households in Khwaja Ghar (74.4 percent), and Bangi (71.4 percent) used surface water for these purposes while seven in ten households (70.5 percent) in Namak Ab used protected spring (Table 28).

Takhar

90

Others

Surface water (river,

stream, dam

, lake, pond, canal

Unprotected spring

Protected spring

Water from

spring

Unprotected W

ell

Protected Well

Dug well

Tubewell borehole

Public tap

Piped to neighbor

Piped into compound

Piped into dwelling

Piped Water

Total

Source of Water for

Cooking, Washing

and Other Household

Uses

1.0

25.7

5.7

6.7

12.4

10.6

24.8

35.4

4.7

15.3

0.5

3.4

1.5

20.7

100 Takhar

0.3

32.0

1.2

4.1

5.3

5.0

48.1

53.0

2.7

2.8

0.5

0.9

2.5

6.7

100 Taluqan

2.6

14.0

6.8

3.2

10.0

45.4

11.8

57.2

0.0

16.1

0.1

0.0

0.0

16.2

100 Hazar Samoch

0.1

39.4

5.1

4.5

9.6

12.6

31.5

44.0

6.4

0.3

0.0

0.0

0.1

0.5

100 Baharak

0.0

71.4

1.9

4.5

6.4

1.9

18.0

20.0

0.1

2.1

0.1

0.0

0.0

2.1

100 Bangi

0.1

26.5

21.9

37.8

59.7

0.5

2.6

3.2

0.0

10.1

0.0

0.1

0.3

10.5

100 Chal

0.0

19.3

4.2

70.5

74.7

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

5.6

0.0

0.0

0.4

6.0

100 Namak Ab

0.1

3.2

4.8

8.0

12.8

6.0

18.5

24.5

1.6

49.9

2.1

5.2

0.5

57.7

100 Kalafghan

0.1

18.8

10.1

3.3

13.4

1.3

6.4

7.7

0.1

16.4

2.1

35.2

6.3

60.0

100 Farkhar

2.9

74.4

0.4

0.1

0.5

7.0

12.1

19.1

0.1

2.3

0.1

0.3

0.3

3.0

100 Khawaja Ghar2.0

12.1

11.6

8.0

19.7

4.3

11.1

15.4

6.2

43.0

0.1

0.2

1.4

44.7

100 Rustaq

2.2

18.7

15.8

10.2

26.0

21.7

17.1

38.9

1.0

13.2

0.0

0.0

0.0

13.2

100 Eshkamesh

0.3

13.0

0.7

0.6

1.3

49.9

34.8

84.7

0.4

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.0

0.3

100 Dasht-E- Qala

0.4

22.0

2.7

1.9

4.6

0.3

0.4

0.6

0.1

24.2

3.5

36.4

8.3

72.3

100 Warsaj

0.1

4.5

1.2

0.8

2.1

17.8

29.3

47.0

45.5

0.6

0.2

0.0

0.0

0.8

100 Khwaja Bahawwudin

0.4

38.8

1.0

0.5

1.5

17.4

21.5

38.9

19.5

0.0

0.6

0.2

0.0

0.8

100 Darqad

1.5

5.6

8.7

8.2

17.0

25.4

9.8

35.2

0.6

38.6

0.9

0.4

0.3

40.2

100 Chahab

2.9

31.9

1.0

0.7

1.7

6.3

45.7

52.0

11.2

0.2

0.0

0.1

0.0

0.3

100 Yangi Qala


ouseholds by Main Source of W

ater for Cooking, W

ashing and O

ther Household U

ses and District: Takhar, Septem

ber 2015


91

The majority of households in Takhar owned agricultural land: Darqad, 82 percent; Chal, 73.1 percent; Namak Ab, 69.4 percent; Warsaj, 66.8 percent; Kalafghan, 64.5 percent; Farkhar, 64.3 percent; Eshkamesh, 64 percent; and Bangi, 62 percent. The size of land owned, however, was small: 42.2 percent of those with land owned less than five gerib or 10,000 m2 (1 gerib = 2,000 m2).

Raising of cattle/milk cow/bull was the most common livestock raising activity in Takhar where 55.4 percent of the households reported to own a cattle/milk cow/bull at the time of the survey (Table 29). The primary purpose of raising this livestock was for food (milk, yoghurt, meat, ghee or dried whey) or to provide fuel for cooking and heating (dung). Most of the households owning cattle/milk cow/bull (66.3 percent) owned only one or two heads.

Figure 39. Proportion of Households with Access to Improved Drinking Water Source by District: Takhar, September 2015

17.6 Land Ownership

17.7 Ownership of Livestock and Poultry

Takhar

92

About 46.3 percent of households owned at least one horse/donkey/or a mule, which may be used for transport. Most households (84.0 percent) owned only one or two horses/donkeys/mules.

The proportion of households owning a goat was 28.3 percent with 65.2 percent of them owning 1-6 head(s). A lower proportion of households in Takhar (23.6 percent) owned sheep, of which 55.3 percent owned 1-6 head(s).

Raising chickens was popular among households involved in poultry raising. About 54.2 percent of households in Takhar were raising at least one chick. The majority of households raised chicken for food and about 44.2 percent of them raised less than five chickens. A very small proportion of households in the province raised either duck or turkey (5.7 percent).

At the district level, except for Taluqan, more than half of the households owned a cattle/milk cow/bull ranged from 52.2 percent in Rustaq to 81.3 percent in Darqad. More than 70 percent of the households in Namak Ab, Chal and Bangi (78.1 percent, 75.6 percent and 75.2 percent, respectively) owned a horse/donkey/mule and at least a goat in Hazar Samoch (77.4 percent).


93

Province/DistrictCattle/

Milk Cow/Bull

Horse/Donkey/

MuleGoat Sheep Chicken

Duck/Turkey

Takhar 55.4 46.3 28.3 23.6 54.2 5.7

Taluqan 37.6 19.8 11.6 13.0 35.4 2.8

Hazar-Samoch 68.5 85.8 77.4 34.4 72.7 2.0

Baharak 67.0 36.2 23.4 23.5 58.6 3.5

Bangi 69.6 75.2 39.5 27.6 65.7 5.1

Chal 63.0 75.6 58.8 33.3 68.3 6.5

Namak-Ab 62.5 78.1 50.7 40.1 68.2 9.0

Kalafghan 63.2 69.6 39.5 42.0 64.9 1.6

Farkhar 60.7 51.4 45.9 28.5 56.1 6.5

Khwaja Ghar 56.9 40.9 18.3 21.2 51.6 2.6

Rustaq 52.2 61.9 40.9 24.0 60.9 1.9

Eshkamesh 69.8 59.5 38.9 37.5 68.9 28.8

Dasht-E-Qala 59.0 28.6 16.7 19.9 56.0 3.5

Warsaj 74.1 41.7 33.9 46.7 64.1 2.2


Darqad 81.3 61.8 32.0 37.4 72.5 39.2

Chahab 55.0 58.1 37.8 20.3 49.9 2.3

Yangi Qala 63.9 43.8 10.7 14.7 57.8 6.9

Table 29. Proportion of Households by Type and Ownership of Livestock/Poultry and District: Takhar, September 2015

Table 30 shows that in Takhar Province as a whole, 87.2 percent of households had electricity in their houses. In Warsaj, this proportion was the highest among districts at 98 percent.

17.8 Households Assets and Facilities

Takhar

94

Mobile phone was the second most common item (among the list of 16 items) owned by members of households in the province (70.6 percent). The necessity of a mobile communication facility is evident in all districts; from 37.6 percent of households in Hazar-Samoch to 82.7 percent in Taluqan. Watch was also a common item owned by members of households at 48.4 percent.A comparison of media and communication equipment reveals that some households owned a television set (32.6 percent), followed by a radio (31.7 percent). Television set ownership was highest in Taluqan (50.9 percent) while radio ownership was highest in Darqad (67.1 percent). A few households had an internet access (2.7 percent) with the highest proportion in Khwaja Ghar (14.4 percent).

About 15.6 percent of households had a motorcycle for personal or business use, while 5.0 percent had a car. Nearly half of the households (47.9 percent) in Darqad owned a motorcycle.


95

Province / District

Electricity

Radio

TV

Mobile phone

Landline phone

Refrigerator

Washing machine

Internet

Watch

Computer

Bicycle

Motorcycle

Cart

Car

Truck

Generator

Takhar87.2

31.732.6

70.60.7

3.02.3

2.748.4

4.510.8

15.60.5

5.02.3

3.2

Taluqan88.2

41.150.9

82.71.0

10.18.1

4.152.7

10.114.6

13.20.7

9.82.4

3.7

Hazar-Samoch

61.919.6

1.137.6

0.40.1

0.10.2

48.40.2

0.14.1

0.10.4

0.30.2

Baharak85.0

32.624.6

78.40.5

0.50.4

0.746.2

2.316.1

20.10.6

5.32.4

2.2

Bangi91.8

13.417.6

57.20.5

0.40.2

0.757.4

2.13.4

14.60.2

2.84.1

1.4

Chal79.9

15.48.8

56.60.3

0.30.2

0.560.0

0.60.6

4.10.0

1.00.2

0.3

Namak-Ab

69.435.4

4.655.8

0.70.2

0.20.3

71.81.9

0.40.7

0.01.3

0.50.4

Kalafghan89.2

24.919.0

69.50.7

0.30.4

0.962.1

2.82.3

12.70.2

3.91.3

2.5

Farkhar86.1

20.337.3

55.70.4

0.60.8

1.144.6

2.53.6

5.50.2

3.61.6

2.4

Khwaja Ghar

92.328.1

27.472.3

0.40.9

0.414.4

37.53.2

11.624.1

0.75.0

3.22.4

Rustaq82.9

25.020.8

63.70.5

0.30.2

2.441.4

1.83.7

9.40.3

2.01.7

2.0

Eshkamesh

85.131.3

18.863.7

0.50.3

0.30.7

55.82.8

11.522.7

0.54.2

3.13.7

Dasht-E-Qala

92.035.3

31.379.2

0.40.2

0.20.6

38.64.0

28.128.3

0.44.0

1.93.3

Warsaj

98.029.3

49.467.3

0.93.5

1.20.8

59.24.5

3.514.6

0.55.5

5.71.4

Khwaja Bahaw

uddin88.5

39.232.3

76.90.8

0.60.5

2.448.0

3.522.8

24.80.6

5.23.1

5.4

Darqad97.1

67.148.0

78.64.0

2.72.3

2.474.6

8.443.9

47.91.5

4.02.6

1.9

Chahab91.8

28.735.0

63.40.6

0.50.3

0.835.4

1.73.6

16.30.3

2.72.0

6.6

Yangi Qala

83.828.3

31.372.0

0.40.3

0.31.4

36.42.6

13.218.7

0.43.7

2.45.8

Table 30. Proportion of Households by Type of Asset/Facility Present in the H

ouseholds and D

istrict: Takhar, September 2015

Takhar

96

18. HOUSING CHARACTERISTICS18.1 Construction Materials of RoofsThe majority (97.7 percent) of the households in Takhar Province at the time of survey were living in houses with roofs made of soil/mud with wood/logs. Only 0.8 percent of the households were residing in housing units with roofs made of soil/mud with wood/metal and 0.4 percent were living in houses with roofs made of lime with bricks/metal, while 0.3 percent were living in housing units with roofs made of galvanized iron. The remaining 0.7 percent were living in housing units with roofs made of other materials (Table 31).

Province/DistrictSoil/Mud

with wood/Logs

Soil/Mud with

wood/ Metal

Lime with

Bricks/ Metal

Bricks with

Soil/Mud

Gal-vanized

IronCement

Takhar 97.7 0.8 0.4 0.1 0.3 0.7

Taluqan 93.8 1.6 1.2 0.2 0.4 2.7

Hazar-Samoch 99.8 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Baharak 99.5 0.3 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0

Bangi 99.8 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0

Chal 99.5 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Namak-Ab 98.9 0.9 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0

Kalafghan 99.5 0.3 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0

Farkhar 97.9 0.5 0.3 0.0 1.2 0.1

Khwaja Ghar 99.2 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.1

Rustaq 99.4 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2

Eshkamesh 99.1 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.0

Dasht-E-Qala 99.3 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.2

Warsaj 97.7 1.5 0.4 0.1 0.3 0.1


Darqad 98.9 0.5 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.0

Chahab 98.0 0.9 0.1 0.0 0.8 0.1

Yangi Qala 98.1 1.2 0.2 0.0 0.3 0.2

Table 31. Percentage Distribution of Households by Main Construction Material of the Roof of the Housing Units and District: Takhar, September 2015


97

18.2 Construction Materials of the Outer WallsTable 32 shows that soil/mud with stone was the main construction materials for the outer walls of the housing units in Takhar Province where 87.6 percent of the households live. Some 7.9 percent of the households had outer walls made of uncovered adobe and 2.9 percent of the households had brick walls. In the districts, the proportion of households that were living in houses with outer walls made of soil/mud with stone was highest in Hazar Samoch (99.8 percent) and lowest in Warsaj (27.3 percent). Uncovered adobe was the most prevalent construction material for outer walls of the housing units in Warsaj (71 percent) followed by Farkhar (17.7 percent) and Taluqan (10 percent).

Province/District Soil/Mud with Stone

Uncovered Adobe

Stone with Lime/

CementBricks Others

Takhar 87.6 7.9 1.4 2.9 0.1

Taluqan 76.0 10.0 3.6 10.0 0.3

Hazar-Samoch 99.8 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0

Baharak 94.9 4.4 0.3 0.5 0.0

Bangi 99.6 0.3 0.0 0.1 0.0

Chal 99.7 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.1

Namak-Ab 98.1 1.9 0.0 0.0 0.0

Kalafghan 99.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.0

Farkhar 80.4 17.7 0.8 1.1 0.1

Khwaja Ghar 95.8 3.2 0.2 0.8 0.0

Rustaq 92.1 6.7 0.4 0.5 0.2

Eshkamesh 94.4 4.7 0.4 0.5 0.1

Dasht-E-Qala 94.9 2.9 1.4 0.8 0.1

Warsaj 27.3 71.0 1.5 0.3 0.0


Darqad 97.5 1.8 0.5 0.2 0.0

Chahab 95.9 2.1 0.9 1.0 0.1

Yangi Qala 95.4 0.9 2.4 1.1 0.1

Table 32. Percentage Distribution of Households by Main Construction Material of the Outer Walls of the Housing Units and District: Takhar, September 2015

Takhar

98

18.3 Construction Materials of the FloorNearly all households (93.9 percent) in Takhar Province lived in housing units with floors made of earth/sand, while 4.9 percent were made of cement. At the district level, the proportion of households residing in housing units with floor made of earth/sand ranged from 84.8 percent in Taluqan to 99.9 percent in Hazar Samoch. In Taluqan, 14.1 percent of the households lived in houses with floors made of cement (Table 33).

Province/District Earth/Sand Wood planks Cement Not Reported Others

Takhar 93.9 1.0 4.9 0.3

Taluqan 84.8 0.9 14.1 0.1

Hazar-Samoch 99.9 0.0 0.1 0.0

Baharak 97.2 2.0 0.8 0.0

Bangi 99.5 0.1 0.4 0.0

Chal 99.6 0.3 0.1 0.0

Namak-Ab 99.1 0.7 0.2 0.0

Kalafghan 99.1 0.4 0.5 0.0

Farkhar 95.4 0.1 4.4 0.0

Khwaja Ghar 95.8 0.1 1.6 2.6

Rustaq 96.5 1.5 1.6 0.5

Eshkamesh 99.2 0.4 0.4 0.0

Dasht-E-Qala 97.3 1.0 1.7 0.0

Warsaj 92.9 0.4 6.7 0.0


Darqad 97.0 1.0 2.0 0.0

Chahab 97.7 0.4 1.9 0.0

Yangi Qala 95.7 0.6 3.7 0.0

Table 33. Percentage Distribution of Households by Main Construction Material of the Floor of the Housing Units and District: Takhar, September 2015


99

18.4 Ownership or Tenure of the Housing UnitAbout nine in 10 households in Takhar Province had reported that they owned their housing units (Table 34). Some 4.3 percent of households in Takhar were residing in houses with free lodging and 3.6 percent were staying in rented houses. At the district level, at least 85 percent of households owned their houses. The highest proportion of households owning their housing units was recorded in Kalafghan at 97.9 percent, while Taluqan had the highest for rented housing units at 10.6 percent. In Hazar Samoch, 8.4 percent of households were living in houses with free lodging.

Province / District Owned Rented Pledged (Gerawee) Free Lodging

Takhar 91.8 3.6 0.3 4.3

Taluqan 84.8 10.6 0.8 3.9

Hazar-Samoch 90.5 1.1 0.0 8.4

Baharak 93.6 0.5 0.0 5.8

Bangi 94.9 0.3 0.2 4.6

Chal 96.5 0.7 0.0 2.8

Namak-Ab 96.4 0.6 0.0 3.0

Kalafghan 97.9 0.5 0.0 1.6

Farkhar 94.2 0.4 0.2 5.2

Khwaja Ghar 94.1 1.5 0.2 4.2

Rustaq 92.7 1.5 0.2 5.6

Eshkamesh 94.8 1.1 0.6 3.5

Dasht-E-Qala 92.7 1.7 0.2 5.3

Warsaj 96.3 0.3 0.0 3.3


Darqad 96.8 0.8 0.1 2.3

Chahab 94.7 0.4 0.1 4.9

Yangi Qala 94.8 1.7 0.2 3.4

Table 34. Proportion of Households by Tenure Status of Housing Units and District: Takhar, September 2015

Takhar

100

18.5 Type of Toilet FacilityAs per the UNICEF definition, only 25.4 percent of the households in Takhar Province reported that they have an improved sanitation facility3. Table 35 shows that 14.8 percent of the households used ventilated improved pit latrine or pit latrine with slab; 9.7 percent used flush or pour flush to piped sewer system, septic tank, or to pit; and 0.9 percent used composting pit.

Figure 41 shows that Khwaja Ghar had the highest proportion of households (45.7 percent) having access to improved sanitation facilities followed by Bangi (39.2 percent).

Darqad had the lowest proportion of households with improved sanitation facilities (3.0 percent). In five districts of Takhar, at least 80 percent of households were using elevated toilet facilities

Text Box 14: Proportion of Households Using Improved Sanitation FacilityTakhar (2015)* 25.4

Samangan (2015)* 10.4

Kapisa (2014)* 1.9

Parwan (2014)* 6.8

Kabul (2013)* 43.8

Ghor (2012)* 2.3

Daykundi (2012)* 1.4

Bamiyan (2011)* 12.7

Afghanistan** 39.0

Sources: * SDES

**ALCS 2013-2014

in which the dirt is deposited on the ground and collected at certain time intervals (Table 35). These are Namak Ab (87.7 percent), Khwaja Bahawuddin (81.7 percent), Baharak (81.6 percent), Kalafghan (81.3 percent) and Eshkamesh (81.3 percent).

8 An improved toilet facility includes: Flush to piped sewer system, flush to septic tank, flush to pit latrine, ventilated improved pit latrine, pit latrine with slab and composting toilet.


101

Figure 41. Proportion of Households with an Improved Sanitation Facility by District: Takhar, September 2015

Takhar

102

Province / District

Improved Sanitation Facility

Improved Sanitation Facility

TotalFlush/Pour to Piped Sew

er/Septic Tank/Pit

Ventilated Im

proved Pit/Pit latrine w

ith Slab

Composting Pit

TotalElevated

Toilet

Pit Latrine W

ithout Slab

Flush Som

ewhere

Else/Unknown

Place

Others

Takhar25.4

9.714.8

0.974.6

66.91.6

1.15.0

Taluqan37.1

19.716.2

1.262.9

58.92.4

0.60.9

Hazar-Sam

och33.3

23.010.1

0.266.7

66.10.3

0.20.1

Baharak11.2

1.86.6

2.788.8

81.60.6

1.35.3

Bangi39.2

5.134.0

0.160.8

50.91.3

0.38.4

Chal19.6

0.918.7

0.080.4

77.30.6

0.42.1

Namak-Ab

3.30.3

3.10.0

96.787.7

1.64.2

3.2

Kalafghan15.4

3.411.5

0.484.6

81.30.5

0.12.7

Farkhar24.6

6.417.6

0.675.4

65.61.3

2.75.8

Khwaja Ghar

45.78.4

37.10.1

54.350.1

1.20.0

3.0

Rustaq21.7

9.111.7

0.978.3

71.91.7

1.73.0

Eshkamesh

9.71.6

7.70.4

90.381.3

0.83.3

4.8

Dasht-E-Qala

24.611.1

13.30.3

75.470.9

1.70.1

2.6

Warsaj

29.012.6

16.00.4

71.053.6

1.91.7

13.7

Khwaja Bahaw

uddin15.7

0.515.0

0.384.3

81.71.0

0.11.5

Darqad3.0

0.12.6

0.397.0

64.83.7

0.028.5

Chahab17.9

4.412.5

1.182.1

68.80.4

0.712.3

Yangi Qala

22.311.6

8.62.0

77.760.2

1.91.7

14.0


ouseholds by Type of Toilet Facility and District: Takhar, Septem

ber 2015


103

18.6 Number of Rooms in the Dwelling Units at the Disposal of the Household and Number of Rooms for Sleeping Table 36 shows the distribution of households in Takhar Province by the number of rooms in their dwelling units and by household size. The data indicate whether residents are living in crowded conditions which may have a negative impact on physical and mental health of persons living in it, and on the development of children.

Rooms considered ‘dwelling rooms’ include bedrooms, dining rooms, sitting rooms, study rooms and servants’ rooms but excluding kitchens and toilets.

About 30.9 percent of households with 10 or more members were living in housing units with three rooms, and 23.3 percent in dwelling units with four rooms. Only 12.6 percent of households with 10 or more members were living in dwelling units that have six or more rooms.

Household sizeNumber of rooms at the disposal of the households

One Two Three Four Five 6 or more

Total 13.8 43.2 24.1 11.1 3.6 4.2

1 Person 63.8 28.2 5.1 1.9 0.4 0.7

2 Person 39.6 45.3 9.8 3.5 0.9 1.0

3 Person 29.9 50.0 13.5 4.2 1.1 1.3

4 Person 22.1 52.3 17.5 5.1 1.5 1.6

5 Person 16.5 51.5 20.9 7.1 1.9 2.2

6 Person 12.6 50.4 23.9 8.4 2.3 2.5

7 Person 9.1 46.8 27.8 10.3 2.9 3.1

8 Person 6.8 43.1 30.1 12.7 3.5 3.7

9 Person 3.6 38.7 32.6 16.1 4.3 4.7

10 Persons or more 1.7 21.8 30.9 23.3 9.7 12.6

Table 36: Percentage Distribution of Households by Number of Dwelling Rooms at Their Disposal and Household Size: Takhar, September 2015

Takhar

104

About 13.8 percent of households were living in dwelling units that have only one room and 43.2 percent in two rooms.

Khwaja Ghar (12.6 percent), Kalafghan (10.3 percent) and Darqad (10.1 percent) had the largest proportion of households in housing units with five or more rooms (Table 37). In other districts, this percentage ranged from 3.1 percent in Warsaj to 9.8 percent in Baharak. Likewise, in Darqad, 84.0 percent of households lived in 2-4 room housing units.

Province / DistrictNumber of Rooms at the Disposal of the Households


Takhar 13.8 43.2 24.1 11.1 3.6 4.2

Taluqan 12.0 40.2 26.0 12.6 4.1 5.2

Hazar-Samoch 15.7 46.2 23.8 9.9 2.7 1.8

Baharak 10.9 43.1 23.2 13.0 4.6 5.2

Bangi 13.9 45.8 22.0 11.1 3.7 3.5

Chal 21.1 43.0 21.4 9.4 2.7 2.4

Namak-Ab 28.9 43.9 16.2 6.6 1.6 2.8

Kalafghan 10.3 35.3 30.5 13.6 4.6 5.7

Farkhar 20.8 43.6 24.2 8.2 1.9 1.3

Khwaja Ghar 6.3 42.4 24.9 13.8 5.0 7.5

Rustaq 18.0 43.2 21.5 9.7 3.3 4.2

Eshkamesh 17.4 41.6 22.8 10.2 3.4 4.7

Dasht-E-Qala 11.3 49.1 25.1 9.0 2.8 2.7

Warsaj 16.1 42.8 28.6 9.4 2.1 1.0


Darqad 5.9 46.0 24.5 13.5 4.3 5.7

Chahab 12.4 46.5 24.7 10.0 3.2 3.3

Yangi Qala 10.7 49.6 22.7 10.7 3.3 3.1

Table 37. Percentage Distribution of Households by Number of Dwelling Rooms at their Disposal and District: Takhar, September 2015


105

Table 38 shows the distribution of households in Takhar Province by number of rooms in their dwelling used for sleeping and by household size. This data provides a more refined indicator of the crowding in housing units, and also reflects the degree of privacy available. In Takhar Province, 38.7 percent of households, regardless of the number of household members, had one room available for sleeping while 44.0 percent had two rooms.

About 73.8 percent of households with ten or more members were living in dwelling units that have 2-3 rooms for sleeping. Another 59.6 percent of households with nine household members were living in dwelling units that have two bedrooms and 20.0 percent of households in dwelling units that have three bedrooms. Only 7.0 percent of households with ten or more members were living in dwelling units that have five or more rooms used for sleeping.

Province / DistrictNumber of Rooms Used for Sleeping


Total 38.7 44.0 12.4 3.5 0.9 0.6

1 Person 95.0 4.5 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.1

2 Person 86.6 12.2 1.0 0.2 0.0 0.0

3 Person 71.1 26.3 2.1 0.5 0.1 0.0

4 Person 61.2 35.0 3.2 0.5 0.0 0.0

5 Person 50.5 42.9 5.4 1.0 0.1 0.0

6 Person 41.7 49.0 7.5 1.5 0.2 0.1

7 Person 31.7 54.5 11.4 1.9 0.3 0.2

8 Person 23.2 58.2 15.1 2.9 0.4 0.1

9 Person 15.0 59.6 20.0 4.2 0.7 0.4

10 Persons or more 6.1 41.9 31.9 13.1 4.1 2.9

Table 38. Percentage Distribution of Households by Number of Rooms Used for Sleeping and Household Size: Takhar, September 2015

Takhar

106

19. APPENDICES

Adult Literacy Rate. Percentage of persons aged 15 and over who can read and write a simple message with understanding.

Dependency Ratio. The ratio of the number of persons aged 0–14 and 65 and over to the number of persons in the most productive ages of 15–64, expressed as a percentage.

Functional Difficulty. A person with difficulty in functioning may have activity limitations, which may range from a slight to a severe deviation in terms of quality or quantity in executing an activity in a manner or to the extent that is expected of people without the health condition. In general, functional difficulties experienced by people may be due to their health condition (such as disease or illness), other health problem (such as a short or long-lasting injury), a mental or emotional problem or a problem with alcohol or drug use. A health condition may also include other circumstances, such as pregnancy, aging, stress or congenital anomaly. Difficulty is usually manifested when a person is doing an activity with increased effort, discomfort or pain, slowness or changes in the way the activity is typically done.

Improved Drinking-Water Source. One that, by nature of its construction or through active intervention, is protected from outside contamination, in particular from contamination from faecal matter. It includes piped water to the dwelling, compound or neighbour; tube well borehole, protected well; and protected spring.

Improved Sanitation Facility. For MDG monitoring, one that hygienically separates human excreta from human contact. It includes flush or pour flush to sewer system, septic tank, or to pit; ventilated improved pit latrine or pit latrine with slab; and composting toilet.

Net School Attendance Rate. Ratio of children of official school age who attended school in the appropriate class, to the total population of official school age (primary: 7–12 year age group attends classes 1–6; secondary: 13–15 year age group attends classes 7–9; high school: 16–18 year age group attends classes 10–12; and vocation/higher education: 19–24 year age group attends class 13 and above).

Sex Ratio. The ratio of males to females in a population expressed as the number of males per 100 females.

19.1 Definition of Terms


107

19.2 Quality of Age DataFigure A1 shows single-year age data and demonstrates the preference for ages ending in 0 and 5. Possible errors in single-year age data are net under-enumeration of selected population groups and misreporting or mis-assignment of age. Infants or children aged 0 are under-reported, often because parents tend not to think of them as members of the household. The very small number of infants and children who are 1 year of age compared to the number of children aged 2–4 years suggests an appreciable under-coverage of such children in the survey.

The tendency of surveyors or respondents to report certain ages at the expense of others is called age heaping, age preference or digit preference. Digit preference is the preference for particular ages ending in certain digits. Preference for 0 and 5 is the most widespread.

Figure A1. Population in Single Year of Age by Sex: Takhar, September 2015

Takhar

108

Table A1. Indexes of Age Preference by District: Takhar, September 2015

Province / District Myer’s Blended Index Whipple’s Index

Takhar 23.9 247.8

Taluqan 21.6 234.8

Hazar-Samoch 25.9 266.8

Baharak 26.6 261.9

Bangi 27.8 274.7

Chal 32.8 294.7

Namak-Ab 26.9 278.2

Kalafghan 24.9 256.7

Farkhar 24.6 250.8


Rustaq 24.8 247.5

Eshkamesh 24.8 247.5


Warsaj 24.7 246.4


Darqad 18.8 189.5

Chahab 19.9 222.1



109

Two indexes of age preference, the Myer’s Blended Index and Whipple’s Index, are presented in Table A1. Myer’s Blended Index measures preference for any terminal digit and ranges theoretically from 0, representing no heaping or preference for any terminal digit, to 90, which would result if all ages that have been reported in a survey end in a single digit. Whipple’s Index measures heaping on ages with terminal digits 0 and 5. It ranges from 100, indicating no preference for terminal digits 0 or 5, to 500, indicating that only ages ending in 0 and 5 were reported.

For Takhar Province, the Myer’s Blended Index is 23.9 while the Whipple’s Index is 247.8.

Presenting age data in 5-year age groups tends to minimize some of the irregularities present in single-year-age data, including errors brought about by age heaping or digit preference. Omission of some population groups, say, young children, particularly infants, the aged, and mobile young adults, particularly those working away from home, can still affect the quality of grouped age data.

A popular measure of the quality of grouped age-sex data is the UN age-sex accuracy index. Survey/census age-sex data are described as accurate if the index is under 20. The index should be interpreted with caution as it does not take into account real irregularities in age distribution due to

Myer’s Blended Index

Whipple’s Index

Takhar (2015)* 23.9 247.7

Samangan (2015)* 22.4 236.5

Kapisa (2014)* 21.3 231.2

Parwan (2014)* 22.8 237.1

Kabul (2013)* 21.4 230.2

Ghor (2012)* 53.1 388.1

Daykundi (2012)* 23.8 243.6

Bamiyan (2011)* 27.8 282.2

Afghanistan** 21.8 231.0

Sources: * SDES

**ALCS 2013-2014

Text Box A1: Age Preference Indexes

respectively (Text Box A1). At the district level, Myer’s Index ranges from 18.8 for Darqad to 32.8 for Chal, while Whipple’s Index ranges from 189.5 for Darqad to 294.7 for Chal. There suggests that age heaping is most serious in Chal while relatively less serious in Darqad.

Takhar (2015) 60.3


Kapisa (2014) 39.3

Parwan (2014) 40.3

Kabul (2013) 46.7

Ghor (2012) 88.3

Daykundi (2012) 67.8

Bamiyan (2011) 68.4

**ALCS 2013-2014

Text Box A2: UN Age-Sex Accuracy Index

migration and war mortality, for instance, which may have affected the value for Takhar Province. The UN age-sex accuracy index for the province is 60.2, which is lower than the indexes in Ghor, Bamiyan and Daykundi. At the district level, the index varies from 50.6 for Taluqan to 256.2 for Namak Ab. Thus, caution should be used when using the different indicators cross-tabulated with age. There suggest that age and sex data reported in Takhar needs improvement, particularly in Namak Ab.

Takhar

110

Table A2. Age-Sex Accuracy Index by District: Takhar, September 2015

Province / District Index

Takhar 60.2

Taluqan 50.6

Hazar-Samoch 90.3

Baharak 61.5

Bangi 66.0

Chal 151.9

Namak-Ab 256.2

Kalafghan 85.6

Farkhar 87.4

Khwaja Ghar 66.1

Rustaq 81.4

Eshkamesh 66.3

Dasht-E-Qala 52.3

Warsaj 84.5

Khwaja Bahawuddin 75.7

Darqad 75.7

Chahab 54.4

Yangi Qala 54.8


111

Central Statistics Organization (2016). Takhar Province Socio-Demographic and Economic Survey: Highlights of Results. CSO, Kabul, Afghanistan.

Central Statistics Organization (2016). Samangan Province Socio-Demographic and Economic Survey: Final Report. CSO, Kabul, Afghanistan

Central Statistics Organization (2016). Geographic and Information System. Kabul, Afghanistan

Central Statistics Organization (2016). Afghanistan Living Condition Survey 2013-2014 National Risk and Vulnerability Assessment. CSO, Kabul, Afghanistan.

Central Statistics Organization (2014). Kabul Province Socio-Demographic and Economic Survey: Final Report. CSO, Kabul, Afghanistan.

Central Statistics Organization (2013). Parwan Province Socio-Demographic and Economic Survey: Final Report. CSO, Kabul, Afghanistan

Central Statistics Organization (2013). Kapisa Province Socio-Demographic and Economic Survey: Final Report. CSO, Kabul, Afghanistan.

Central Statistics Organization (2012). Daykundi Province Socio-Demographic and Economic Survey: Final Report. CSO, Kabul, Afghanistan.

Central Statistics Organization (2012). Ghor Province Socio-Demographic and Economic Survey: Final Report. CSO, Kabul, Afghanistan.

Central Statistics Organization (2011). Bamiyan Province Socio-Demographic and Economic Survey: Final Report. CSO, Kabul, Afghanistan.

Ministry of Economy (2012). The Millennium Development Goals 2012, Islamic Republic of Afghanistan MDG Report 2012. Retrieved from

http://www.af.undp.org/content/dam/afghanistan/docs/MDGs/Afghanistan%20MDGs%202012%20Report.pdf Moultrie TA, RE Dorrington, AG Hill, K Hill, IM Timæus and B Zaba (eds.) (2013). Tools for Demographic Estimation. Paris: International Union for the Scientific Study of Population.

20. REFERENCES

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