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IMPACT OF WASTEIMPACT OF WASTECost for waste disposal are vary dependingCost for waste disposal are vary dependingon volume of waste and disposal fees.on volume of waste and disposal fees.Others considerations that may affect theOthers considerations that may affect theprojectproject programmeprogramme as well as the budget:as well as the budget:

1.1. The purchase price of theThe purchase price of thematerials that are beingmaterials that are beingwasted,wasted,

2.2. The cost of storage,The cost of storage,transport and disposal of transport and disposal of waste,waste,

3.3. The cost of the time spent The cost of the time spent managing and handling themanaging and handling thewaste,waste,

4.4. The loss of income from not The loss of income from not salvaging waste material.salvaging waste material.

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R EDUCING COSTR EDUCING COST

R educing waste costs can occur throughR educing waste costs can occur througha variety of methods. These includea variety of methods. These includewaste segregation, source reduction,waste segregation, source reduction,reuse and recycling.reuse and recycling.

The potential large savings can be madeThe potential large savings can be madeby incorporating best practice in wasteby incorporating best practice in wastemanagement.management.

R eclaimed materials and products fromR eclaimed materials and products fromrecycle material are likely to cause lessrecycle material are likely to cause lessenvironmental damage and reduce theenvironmental damage and reduce thequantity of waste sent to landfill.quantity of waste sent to landfill.

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B y using implementation of goodB y using implementation of goodwaste management plan, thewaste management plan, thefollowing can be achieved:following can be achieved:

1.1. Save energySave energy2.2. R educe landfillR educe landfill3.3. R educe transport distancesR educe transport distances4.4. Conserve natural resourcesConserve natural resources5.5. R educe pollutionR educe pollution6.6. Stimulate recycling schemesStimulate recycling schemes

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COST SAVINGCOST SAVING

Cost saving can be produced byCost saving can be produced byreducing the amount of waste onreducing the amount of waste onsite. Source will reduction such as :site. Source will reduction such as :

1) Decreases disposal costs1) Decreases disposal costs2) Lowers labor costs because less2) Lowers labor costs because less

materials must be handled and cutmaterials must be handled and cut3) R educes expenditures for3) R educes expenditures for

materials because less is wasted.materials because less is wasted.

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P R INCIPLES OF COSTP R INCIPLES OF COST

SAVINGSAVING

H ow to manage waste efficiently

H ow to avoid creating waste in thefirst place.

B ased on two principles:

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TYPES OF COST SAVINGTYPES OF COST SAVING

C ost savings by reusing and recyclingof construction waste materials

C ost saving by waste collection and transportation

C ost savings from landfill charge

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CONSIDE R P R OJECT COSTCONSIDE R P R OJECT COST

AND SAVINGAND SAVINGC ompare the costs of reusing materials and

salvaged items to purchasing new

C ompare costs to reuse materials and salvaged items (transportation, reconfiguration of

equipment, storage, etc.) on-site

What is the functional or aesthetic value of havingreused material on-site?

What are the marketing and public relations benefitsto reuse and salvage?

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ESTIMATED SAVING FROM RESALE SCRAPE MATERIALS

MATERIALS Concrete (m3) Reinforcement (tons) BRC (m2) Formwork (m2)

Quantity 63836 6878 75872 189019

3 Times Usage 63006.33

Conversion kg/m2

Conversion Unit 32

2016202.667

Density 625kg/1000kg 625

Final Conversion in tons 3225.92

Final Quantity 63836 6878 75872 3225.92

Final Unit m3 tons m2 ton

Material Price MYR 190.00 MYR 2,100.00 MYR 10.00 MYR 850.00

Based on Grd 30 Based on T16 -T32 Based on BRC A8Based on Mixed

H/Wood

Total Materials Price MYR 12,128,840.00 MYR 14,443,800.00 MYR 758,720.00 MYR 2,742,035.63 MYR 30,073,395.63

Costing Wastage 3% 5% 3% 3%

Costing Wastage Quantity 1915.08 343.9 2276.16 96.777728Costing Wastage Amount MYR 363,865.20 MYR 722,190.00 MYR 22,761.60 MYR 82,261.07 MYR 1,191,077.87

Assume Wastage Recovery 90% 75% 75% 50%Costing Wastage QuantityRecovery 1723.572 257.925 1707.12 48.388864Rates for Recycle RawMaterials MYR 0.00 MYR 800.00 MYR 5.00 MYR 100.00

Costing Wastage Amount MYR 0.00 MYR 206,340.00 MYR 8,535.60 MYR 4,838.89 MYR219,714.49

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ESTIMATED SAVING FROM REUSABLE MATERIALS

MATERIALS Concrete (m3) Reinforcement (tons) BRC (m2) Formwork (m2)

Wastage Quantity 1723.572

Reusable as 350mm Roadbase 603.2502

Reusable Materials Unit m2

Rates for Reuse Raw

Materials 18

Costing Wastage Amount MYR 10,858.50 MYR 10,858.50

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ESTIMATED SAVING FROM TRANSPORTING AND DUMPING OF CONSTRUCTION WASTE

MATERIALS Concrete (m3)Reinforcement

(tons) BRC (m2) Formwork (m2)

Quantity 63836 6878 75872 1890193 Times Usage 63006.33

Conversion kg/m2 kg/m2

Conversion Unit 3.95 32

2016202.667

Density kg/m3 2430 625

Final Conversion in tons 155121.48 299694.4 3225.92

Final Quantity 155121.48 6878 299.6944 3225.92

Final Unit tons tons tons ton

Costing Wastage 3% 5% 3% 3%

Wastage Quantity 4653.6444 343.9 8.990832 96.777728

Assume Wastage Recovery 90% 75% 75% 50%

Wastage Quantity Recovery 4188.27996 257.925 6.743124 48.388864

Cost Transportation todump site /tons MYR 70.00 MYR 70.00 MYR 70.00 MYR 70.00

Costing Wastage TransportAmount MYR 293,179.60 MYR 18,054.75 MYR 472.02 MYR 3,387.22 MYR 315,093.59

Cost of Dump site / tons MYR 15.00 MYR 15.00 MYR 15.00 MYR 15.00

Costing Wastage TransportAmount MYR 62,824.20 MYR 3,868.88 MYR 101.15 MYR 725.83 MYR 67,520.05

Total Saving for transporting and dumping of construction

waste

MYR

382,613.64

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Therefore Total B enefitTherefore Total B enefit

TB =TB = SsmSsm ++ SrmSrm + Std + ITb+ Std + ITbTB TB ±± Total B enefitTotal B enefitSsmSsm ±± Saving from scrap materialsSaving from scrap materialsSrmSrm ±± Saving from recycle materialsSaving from recycle materialsStdStd ±± Saving from transportation and dump site costSaving from transportation and dump site cost

ItbItb ±± Intangible benefitsIntangible benefits

TB = MY R 219,714.49 + MY R 10, 858.50TB = MY R 219,714.49 + MY R 10, 858.50+ MY R 382,613.64 ++ MY R 382,613.64 + ITb ITb

= MY R 613,186.63 += MY R 613,186.63 + ITb ITb

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ESTIMATED QUANTITY OR COLLECTION AND SEPERATION OF CONSTRUCTION WASTE

MATERIALS Concrete (m3)Reinforcemen

t (tons) BRC (m2)Formwork

(m2)

Quantity 63836 6878 75872 189019

3 Times Usage 63006.33

Conversion kg/m2 kg/m2

Conversion Unit 3.95 32

2016202.667

Density kg/m3 2430 625

Final Conversion in tons 155121.48 299694.4 3225.92

Final Quantity 155121.48 6878 299.6944 3225.92

Final Unit tons tons tons ton

Estimated Wastage 3% 5% 3% 3%

Estimated Wastage Quantity 4653.6444 343.9 8.990832 96.777728 5103.31296

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ESTIMATED COST OR COLLECTION , SEPERATION, TRANSPORT, STORING AND CRUSHING OFCONCRETE FOR CONSTRUCTION WASTE

Construction Period; 18 Months

Wastage / Month: 283.5173867 tonsCollection Frequancy 4 time/mothh

70.88 TonsCapacity of Dumping Bucket 6 tons:Therefore Dumping Bucket required: 11.81322444 NosApproximate Qty: 12 Nos

Therefore Dumping Bucket rental = 12nos x MYR 350.00/month x 18 months

(Ceq) = MYR 75,600.00

Therefore Transportation Cost = 5,103tons x MYR 15.00/tonwithin site (Cts) = MYR 76,545.00

Therefore Storage Cost within site = 5,103tons x MYR 10.00/ton(Cstg) = MYR 51,030.00

Therefore Concrete Crushing = 4,654 tons x MYR 10.00/ton(Ccc) = MYR 46,530.00

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Therefore Total CostTherefore Total CostTC =TC = CeqCeq ++ CtsCts ++ CstgCstg ++ CccCcc ++ ItcItc

TCTC ±± Total CostTotal CostSsmSsm ±± Saving from scrap materialsSaving from scrap materialsSrmSrm ±± Saving from recycle materialsSaving from recycle materials

StdStd ±± Saving from transportation and dump site costSaving from transportation and dump site costItbItb ±± Intangible benefitsIntangible benefits

TB = MY R 75,600.00 + MY R TB = MY R 75,600.00 + MY R

76,545.00 + MY R 51,030.0076,545.00 + MY R 51,030.00+ 46,530.00 ++ 46,530.00 + ITc ITc

= MY R 249,705.00 += MY R 249,705.00 + ITb ITb

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Therefore Nett B enefitTherefore Nett B enefitNB = T B NB = T B ±± TCTC

NB NB ±± Nett B enefitNett B enefitTB TB ±± Total B enefitTotal B enefitTCTC ±± Total CostTotal Cost

NB = MY R 613,186.63NB = MY R 613,186.63 ± ±MYR 249,705.00MYR 249,705.00

= MY R 363,481.63= MY R 363,481.63

A further saving of 30.51% out of total estimated wastage of A further saving of 30.51% out of total estimated wastage of R M 1,191,077.87 for three major structure materials. WherebyR M 1,191,077.87 for three major structure materials. Wherebythe original wastage are reduced from 3.69% to 2.75%.the original wastage are reduced from 3.69% to 2.75%.

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ConclusionsConclusions

CostCostReductionsReductions

OptimizingOptimizing

ResourcesResources

IncreasedIncreased

ProductivityProductivity

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