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Transcript of Take Out – Workbook pages – Notebook Today – Something about the poster – Notes – The...
• Who/what was the most powerful group in feudal Europe? Why?
• Monarchs (Kings & Queens), Nobles, Knights???
• THE CHURCH!
Role of Church in Middle Ages
• Never was there a time when the Church was so powerful in Western Civilization.
• The Church was led by popes. Priests and nuns converted, gave care to people
Role of Church
• Monks were spiritual leaders (obviously)
• They lived in monasteries that acted like trade schools and YMCAs
Role of Church
• They spent years transcribing the Bible since the printing press wasn’t used in Europe yet.
Role of Church
• Since there were no strong empires or kingdoms the Church was one organization that had respect and power.
• Popes were more powerful than kings!
Muslim Conquest
• In the seventh century, Muslims conquered Palestine.
• Initially, the Muslim conquerors allowed Jews and Christians to freely enter the Holy Land.
• As time passed, some Muslim rulers were less tolerant.
Rumors and Intolerance• As the years passed, reports spread that some
Muslims had killed Christian pilgrims and destroyed churches.
• European Christians were also increasingly intolerant of Muslims controlling the Holy Land.
• As tensions increased, war seemed inevitable.
Crusades
• The Crusades were a series of battles between Christians and Muslims in the Middle East.
• Christian knights wanted to take the Holy Land and give it back to Christians
Crusades
• Thousands of knights and “barbarian” soldiers united under Christianity attacked Muslims and Jews in Turkey and Jerusalem to gain the land for Christians.
The Crusades
• There were a total of 7 Crusades• First Crusade began in 1059; 9 last one ends in 1272• Crusaders marched to Constantinople killing and
looting along the way• Crusaders take Jerusalem in 1099• Need Second Crusade to hold it• Jerusalem falls to Muslims in 1187• Fourth Crusade to retake; sack Constantinople
The Arab world was relatively peaceful and civilized at the time. •An Arab gentleman was expected to be a…
• poet•philosopher •and a warrior.
•Jerusalem itself was a multicultural city. •Jews, Muslims and Christians all lived together harmoniously. •Christians on pilgrimages to Jerusalem were freely allowed across to the Holy Places
•When the Crusades arrived in Northern Turkey, the carnage began. •Lycea was captured and looted.
•babies cut to pieces; •old people were tortured. •Unfortunately, most of the inhabitants of Lycea were actually Christians…
The Arab World
In the end . . .
• After a couple centuries of warring over the Holy Land, Muslims retain control
• BUT, a great deal has changed
Impact of the Crusades
• Persecution of Jews and Muslims
• Economic development via trade
• Growth of cities and towns
• Kings and popes, gained power as a result.
Trade
• The crusades (re)connected the Eastern and Western worlds
• Ships took knights to the middle east & brought back goods
• Perfumes, spices, jewels, silk, dyes, etc. from the east
• Salt & wool from the west• As the armies marched throughout countries,
they required replenishment of supplies
Banking• Increase in trade increases dependency on
money• Money lending forbidden by the Catholic Church• One of the few jobs open
to Jews• By the 15th century, seeing
that lending money canbe a lucrative practice,the Church changes theirposition
Towns & cities
• Towns grow amidst increased trade & wealth• Homes are build upward– Each story would hang over the one below
• Few towns during the 14th & 15th centuries had adequate drainage systems
• Polluted drinking water – people drank beer, wine, & ale
• Garbage and waste spread disease• Many serfs were earning
freedom for their service
**NOT MEDIEVAL EUROPE
Economic Changes• Historic evidence of trade between Muslims, Byzantines, Europeans prior to
Crusades• Crusades enhanced existing trade• Returning Crusaders brought more goods, spices, textiles, to Europe• Increase in trade added to changing European economy during Middle Ages
• Crusades led to deaths of many knights, nobles
• Lands left vulnerable• Other ambitious nobles took control of
unoccupied lands• Nobles then had more power,
influence in Europe
Political Changes
• Some Europeans respected other cultures, others intolerant
• Many viewed non-Christians as enemies, persecuted Jews
• Holy Land Jews saw Crusaders as cruel invaders
• Relations strained for centuries
Social Changes
Effects of the Crusades