Take out a piece of paper
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Transcript of Take out a piece of paper
TAKE OUT A PIECE OF PAPER
For each of the next six slides, write down the following for each slide:
1. Age of the person2. Marital status3. Job/Career4. Level of education5. Two adjectives that describe that
person
SUBJECT # 1
SUBJECT #2
SUBJECT #3
SUBJECT #4
SUBJECT #5
SUBJECT #6
SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY
Studying the way people relate to others.
Attitude Attraction Aggression Group Behavior
PERSON PERCEPTION- HOW WE FORM IMPRESSIONS OF OTHERS
Physical Appearance Judgments frequently made based on
appearance- more positive qualities to those better looking WHY?
“Beauty is more than just in the eye of the beholder; people do judge & treat others with whom they interact based on attractiveness” (Langlois et al. 2000)
1977 Study- Impact of Beauty & It’s Self-Fulfilling Nature
ATTRACTION
5 Factors of Attraction
1. PHYSICAL ATTRACTIVENESS
• Physically attractiveness predicts dating frequency (they date more).
• Matching Hypothesis
• 1990 Study of Average Faces
WHICH PERSON WOULD YOU WANT TO HAVE A LONG TERM RELATIONSHIP WITH?
WHAT IS BEAUTY?
2. BEAUTY AND CULTURE
Obesity is so revered among Mauritania's white Moor Arab population that the young girls are sometimes force-fed to obtain a weight the government has described as "life-threatening".
3. PROXIMITY
Geographic nearness
Mere exposure effect:
Repeated exposure to something breeds liking.
4. RECIPROCAL LIKING
You are more likely to like someone who likes you.
Why?
5. SIMILARITY
Opposites do NOT attract.
Birds of the same feather do flock together.
Similarity breeds content.
ATTRIBUTION THEORY
• Tries to explain how people determine the cause of the behavior they observe.
It is either a….• Situational
Attribution (external)• Dispositional
Attribution (Internal)
ATTRIBUTION THEORY
• Tries to explain how people determine the cause of the behavior they observe.
It is either a….• Situational Attribution• Dispositional
AttributionAnd • Stable Attribution• Unstable Attribution
ACTOR-OBSERVER BIAS- YOU VIEW YOUR OWN BEHAVIOR DIFFERENT THAN SOMEONE ELSE
Fundamental Attribution Error
Self-Serving Bias
Individualistic V. Collectivistic Cultures
STEREOTYPES, PREJUDICE AND DISCRIMINATION
Stereotype:• Overgeneralized idea
about a group of people; type of social schema
Prejudice:• Biased attitude;
Ethnocentrism is an example of a prejudice.
Discrimination:• Biased action.
HOW DOES PREJUDICE OCCUR?
1. Thought-saving device2. Operant Conditioning3. Observational Learning4. Just World
Phenomenon- world is just and people deserve what they get
5. In-Group versus Out-Groups; In-Group Bias
A class divided
PREJUDICES CAN OFTEN LEAD TO A….
Self-Fulfilling Prophecy
A prediction that causes itself to be true.
Rosenthal and Jacobson’s “Pygmalion in the Classroom” experiment.
COMBATING PREJUDICE
Contact Theory• Contact between hostile groups will reduce
animosity if they are made to work towards a superordinate goal.
ATTITUDE AND BEHAVIOR
• relatively stable organization of beliefs, feelings, & behavior tendencies
Cognitive Dissonance Theory• People want to have
consistent attitudes and behaviors….when they are not they experience dissonance (unpleasant tension).
• Usually they will change their attitude.
You have a belief that cheating on tests is bad.
But you cheat on a test!!!
The teacher was really bad so in that class it is OK.
ATTITUDE AND BEHAVIOR
Effort Justification (type of CD)- you give a lot but receive little in return so to justify why you gave so much you rate it more favorably
Relate to cults
ATTITUDES & PERSUASION
Advertising is ALL based on attitude formation.
Mere Exposure Effect
Elaboration Likelihood Model- 2 basic “routes” to persuasion Central Route v.
Peripheral Route
COMPLIANCE STRATEGIES
Foot-in-the-door phenomenon
Door-in-the-face phenomenon
Norms of reciprocity
Low Ball Technique
HOW GROUPS AFFECT OUR BEHAVIOR?
PROSOCIAL BEHAVIOR
• Kitty Genovese case in Kew Gardens NY.
Bystander Effect:• Conditions in which people
are more or less likely to help one another. In general…the more people around…the less chance of help….because of…
• Diffusion of ResponsibilityPluralistic Ignorance• People decide what to do by
looking to others.video
SOCIAL FACILITATION THEORY
• If you are really good at something….or it is an easy task…you will perform BETTER in front of a group.
CONFORMITY STUDIES
Adjusting one’s behavior or thinking to coincide with a group standard.
Candid camera
ASCH’S RESULTS
• About 1/3 of the participants conformed.
• 70% conformed at least once.
To strengthen conformity:• The group is unanimous• The group is at least three
people.• One admires the group’s status• One had made no prior
commitment
MILGRAM’S STUDY
Of Obedience
Milgram
Milgram obedience study
RESULTS OF THE MILGRAM STUDY
WHAT DID WE LEARN FROM MILGRAM? Ordinary people
can do shocking things.
Ethical issues…. Would not have
received approval from today’s IRB (Internal Review Board).
SOCIAL LOAFING
The tendency for people in a group to exert less effort when pooling efforts toward a common goal than if they were individually accountable.
GROUP POLARIZATION
Groups tend to make more extreme decisions than the individual.
GROUPTHINK
• Group members suppress their reservations about the ideas supported by the group.
• They are more concerned with group harmony.
• Worse in highly cohesive groups.
The Challenger
DEINDIVIDUATION
People get swept up in a group and lose sense of self.
Feel anonymous and aroused.
Explains rioting behaviors.
ZIMBARDO’S STANFORD PRISON STUDY
Illustrated the power of the situation
College subjects were assigned the role of a prisoner or guard for a make-shift prison
Subjects experienced a loss of identity and transformed into their roles