Take off with history! Welcome to April 1! Historical brains engaged…commence ignition!

Take off with history!Welcome to April 1!

Historical brains engaged…commence ignition!

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1700: Leave it to the British! The Englishbegan to play jokes on each other, beginningthe practice of April Fool’s Day. What is the best April Fool’s Day prank you have ever heard (or experienced) and what wasthe worst?

Demand: The amount an item is desired. If lots of people want a product, the producercan produce more or charge more for whathe has. If he decides to just price it higher,what usually happens in a free market Economy?

1889: Josephine Cockrane from Chicagomarkets the first dishwasher. It required theowner to pour hot water over the dishesand then let them dry. What is your assessment of this style of cleaning your dishes?

What invention am I?• I was invented in 1929.• I really have my ups and downs!• There are tournaments now with me!• You can string me along (and walk thedog)!



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1805: Hans Christian Andersen was born inDenmark. He wrote many fairy tales, including “The Little Mermaid.” What wouldbe fascinating about living under water?What creature would you be and as that creature, what would terrify you?

Income: The amount of earnings. What do you hope to be your main source of incomeas an adult? What do you need to do toreach a point where that happens?

1943: John Maunchly, a physicist, wants to find an easier way to calculate missile firing charts. Hisinvention becomes the first computer. What is your favorite use of a computer?

What new experience was launched on this date?• The year was 1902.• I was opened in Los Angeles.• The cost was $.10.• They used a circus tent for this first one.• I could see the action for the first time!



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1559: 60 years of war are ended when France, England and Spain sign a treaty. This countries, however, will soon fight again. Why do you think peace often hasa short history?

Natural rights: The ownership of naturally occurring minerals, oil or water by personswho have purchased the land. It is often debated that just because you have the land,many of these resources, especially water,need to have shared ownership. What isyour opinion?

1860: The Pony Express began on this date. This mail service was greatly appreciated butshort lived. By October of 1861, it was no longer in business. Infer what might havebeen its downfall in such a short time.

“There is a sacredness in tears. They are not the mark of weakness, but of power. They speak more eloquently than ten thousand tongues. They are the messengers of overwhelming grief, of deep contrition, and of unspeakable love.”-Washington Irving (Born in 1783)Share when tears speak words in your life.



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The oldest reference to a lunar eclipse was recorded in:1. 2094 B.C.E.2. 1492 B.C.E.3. 562 B.C.E.4. 562 C.E.

Manorialism: The system of lords with land,nobles (vassals), knights and serfs who populated Europe in the middle ages (600-1300 C.E.) If you could serve in any role at this time, what role do you think you would be best suited for and why?

1968: Martin Luther King Jr. was killed onthis day by James Earl Ray. He was 39 yearsold. He left behind a legacy of peace and racial equality. What evidence can you citethat validates improvement in racial equality?

The following quote was penned by Maya Angelou, born on this date in 1928:“I've learned that people will forget what you said, people will forget what you did, but people will never forget how you made them feel.” How do you make others feel?



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1923: The tomb of King Tut was a tremendous find but also a horriblecurse. On this day, yet another memberof the excavation group dies of a “mysterious illness”, often called theMummy’s Curse. Create a fictionalized story for why this man had to die!

Vassal: A noble, during medieval times, whoreceived land in exchange for services and/orprotection. Many vassals became knights.Knights pledged to a high moral code called chivalry. It meant they lived a life of honesty. If you were in this position, when would you find it hardest to be honest?

1758: Mary Jemison was captured by Seneca natives as a teenager along withthe rest of her family. She spent the restof her life with the tribe, having 7 children.A biography was written of her life and was quite popular. What would you imagine were her joys and her fears?

Who was I?• I was born in 1856.• I fought for rights of African Americans.• I was an educator and author.• My first name is novel!• My last name is shared by an American president!



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1945: As the British approached Buchenwald Concentration Camp, the Nazismarched the remaining 28,000+ prisonersin order to elude capture and 7000 of themdied. Imagine living on almost no food for days on end and then being forced to march.Describe your feelings and view of life.

Matriarch: A society in which women havethe power. Think of your home. What aspects does your mother control? Which elements are governed by your father?

1830: Joseph Smith establishes the Mormon Church in Fayette Township,New York. He went on the expand his faithful members and relocate several times, ending up in Salt Lake City, Utah.Why do you think the Mormons, like manyother faith groups, were persecuted for their beliefs?

Who was I?• I was born in 1874.• My first name was Harry.• I was Hungarian by birth.• I really could disappear if I wanted to!



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1994: 10 peacemakers were killed in Rwanda. The world stepped back and in the next 3 months, 800,000 Tutsis werekilled, leaving in its wake the worst case of genocide in modern history. How should wekeep this from happening? Why do we not always intervene?

Genocide: The systematic extermination of a group, based on race, creed or lifestyle. Whether it is in Rwanda or Nazi Germany, genocide seems unstoppable until the deathtoll becomes high. Predict what signs might be present if this is the path a countryor people are heading down.

1891: Phineas Taylor Barnum, founder of the traveling circus, dies. Interestingly, he asked the paper to publish his obituary before his death (he was quite ill) so he could enjoy reading it and they did! What do you want to be remembered for afteryou are gone?

1915: Billie Holiday was born. She was a jazz singer and she used her music to instrument change in how persons treated others, including in their own family. Whatare characteristics of your behavior that show respect for others, (even your siblings)?



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563 B.C.E.: Buddha is born. His gave up His royal heritage and money to follow A spiritual path of goodness for all mankind.What things do you do out of kindness, expecting no reward?

Laissez-faire: An attitude of non-intervention,especially in business and governmental control. Many elements of life are closely monitored but others are not. What elementsof our life do you think should be closelycontrolled? Which elements should be “hands off” from scrutiny?

1879: The latest in modern milk distributionwas begun on this date in New York: glass bottles! Very few dairies use this anymore. What were the advantages and disadvantages of glass bottles? Is what we have today better or not? State a position for modern packaging or glass bottling.

A watchmaker from London patented a basket that could be lowered via a pulley system in order to escape a fire. The yearwas 1766. Was this a good and useful invention or do you feel this was problematic? Share your ideas.



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1682: Rene-Robert LaSalle, a French explorer, claimed the Mississippi and westfor the French and named it Louisiana. Later, the American government was able toBuy it back “for a song” (which means cheaply!). What do you love best about theAmerican West?

Criminal court: The legal system in whichpersons who commit crimes against other persons are tried, determined innocent or guilty and then sentenced if guilty. Do you think our criminal court system is strict or lenient? Share evidence from personal experience to support your position.

1865: Robert E. Lee surrenders, ending the four year Civil War battle. Civil war is especially devastating. Describe why that would be so.

Robert E. Lee once said:“We must expect reverses, even defeats. They are sent to teach us wisdom and prudence, to call forth greater energies, and to prevent our falling into greater disasters.”What does this teach you about adversity?



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1633: England goes bananas! The popularfruit went on sale for the first time on thisdate and have been enjoyed by many sincethat time. What is your favorite fruit?

Refugees: Persons who have been displacedfrom one’s home country due to persecution or war. Refugees often have nothing but the shirt on their back and need everything – shelter,food, employment, etc. What would you imagine to be the hardest thing to bear as a refugee?

1849: Thank goodness for the safety pin! This little invention has saved many awardrobe malfunction! Create a clever jingle, rap or poem extoling the merits of the safety pin.

Joseph Pulitzer, journalist and initiator of thePulitzer Prize, once said of journalism:“Put it before them briefly so they will read it, clearly so they will appreciate it, picturesquely so they will remember it and, above all, accurately so they will be guided by its light.” Do you think the news media of today feel the same? Support your thoughts.



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1940: Norway has usually been a country ofneutrality and when Germany attacked, most anticipated a German dominance buton this date, three days after the initial attack, Norwegians destroyed threeGerman ships and four cruisers. Pen a newspaper heading in the Oslo Times.

Natural hazards: Problematic naturally occurring events that negatively effect people. Examples would be earthquakes, droughts and tornados. What natural hazards threaten where you live? What do you do to lessen the impact?

1957: At Edwards Air Force Base in California, a jet was able to take off and land vertically for the first time. What would be the advantage of that skill?

1803: On this date, France offered to sellthe Louisiana Territory. Thomas Jefferson was really pushing for this to happen, especially after the Lewis and Clark expedition revealed the value of the American West. What states made up thispurchase?



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1204: The fourth crusade conquered Constantinople, the first time the cityhad been conquered in 900 years. A crusade was a religious war, waged withChristians against Muslims. What parallelsdo you see in the news today?

Multinational corporation: A business with leadership and production in many countries. What is the value in this type of business? What is the downside?

1861: On this date, the Civil War begins. Itwill begin the four bloodiest years in American history. When the war ended, however, three major amendments were added to the constitution. What rights didthey guarantee?

1786: Philadelphia, often termed the “Cityof Brotherly Love,” opened a facility that handed our medicine free of charge to the poor who needed it. What acts of kindnessdo you do (or plan to do someday) to helpthose less fortunate?



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1598: French King Henry IV was instrumental in ending 40 years of religious battle. The Edict of Nantes left the Catholic Church as the state churchbut gave Protestants the right to practice their beliefs. What role does faith play in people’s lives today?

Reformation: The reforming of the church system which divided the Catholic Church,some remaining allegiant to Catholicism andthe remainder becoming Protestants. Who was the leader of the reformation? (His name is part of a famed African Americanfreedom fighter)

1943: The Jefferson Memorial was dedicated, 200 years after Jefferson’s birth. Washington D.C. is a fascinating place to visit. What did you enjoy most on a visit there; or, what do you hope to see when you travel there?

Who am I?• I had the greatest season in golf at age 21.• On this date, I won the Masters.• By 24, I had won the top four golf tournaments and was the youngest ever to so.• Excelling in golf as an African American was also rare.



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1916: Sir Ernest Shackleton was a British Explorer of Antarctica. On this date, he andhis men were rescued after five months onan ice floe. Use your imagination – how doyou stay warm on an ice floe for five months?

Money supply: The amount of money that isavailable to run commerce. How do you keepyour money supply plentiful?

1865: John Wilkes Booth played a key rolein history on this date. He assassinated Abraham Lincoln in the Ford Theater. Booth was confident that even though theCivil War was virtually over, killing the president might give the Confederacy a chance. What is your favorite fact/memory of Abraham Lincoln?

What famed discovery did Christiaan Huygensmake?• He was Dutch, born in 1629.• He loved to study the night sky.• He recognized and could name the planets.• He noticed a feature of the largest planet.



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1912: The British ocean liner, Titanic, sinksin the North Atlantic after striking an iceberg.Why were there so many deaths of the 2200 aboard?

Jurisdiction: The legal right to determine policy for a given area. Jurisdiction gets complicated when it comes to the oceans. Different countries want to govern the fishing and boating lanes. What seems fairest in deciding these debates?

1923: Insulin is available commercially forthe first time. Insulin naturally occurs inmost persons and limits the destructive elements of sugars to the body. Diabeticshave either none or very little insulin so taking this helps their body remain healthy.They also limit their sugar intake. What sugar goodness would be hardest to give up?

Who am I?• I was born in 1452.• I loved to write in a way that the only wayto read it was to show it in a mirror.• I was an inventor and painter.• Mona Lisa was my creation.



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1705: Isaac Newton became Sir Isaac Newton on this day. The honor was bestowed, making him the first scientistto receive knighthood. What are two meanings for the term “gravity”?

Cold War: Conflict between nations that doesnot erupt in violence but is rhetoric-based. The United States and Russia were wrapped up in a cold war for almost 50 years. Why do you think neither country advanced their cause through violence?

1813: Standardization means that productsare made with all the same parts so that the final product has a consistency. This makes good sense but was not instituted until 1813 and it was part of a contract for20,000 pistols. Why would this be especiallyimportant with weaponry?

Sir Kingsley Amis, English poet and novelistBorn on this day in 1933, once said:

“There was no end to the ways in which nice things are nicer than nasty ones.”

Do you agree or not? Support your premise.



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1524: Giovanni Verrazano discovers NewYork Harbor. He was Italian but was in America, exploring for the French. Later,the French donated a statue that still stands in that harbor. What has the StatueOf Liberty grown to symbolize?

Cultural diffusion: The spreading of a traitsthat are part of a given group of people. America is formed from many cultural pieces,integrated together to form our identity. What characteristics does your family includefrom different cultures? (food, holidays, etc.)

1945: 1,100 tons of Uranium are seized in Germany, hopefully preventing the Germansfrom using Uranium to develop an Atomic Bomb. The United States used this technology to end to war in August of 1945.Where did America use this devastating Weapon?

What famous man died on this day in 1790?• He was a statesman.• He was an author.• He was a scientist (loved kites!).• He was a printer. • He signed the Declaration of Independence.



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1506: The building began, in Rome, of Saint Peter’s Basilica (church) and it took 109 years to complete the project. Imagineyou are the project manager. Pen your speech for dedication day (when the church was completed).

Political Party: A group organized by similarbeliefs of how the government should be run. Why is it good that there are at least two political parties?

1775: “One if by land, and two if by sea;And I on the opposite shore will be,Ready to ride and spread the alarmThrough every Middlesex village and farm.” This poem by Henry Wadsworth Longfellowdescribes what event?

What happened on this day in 1906?• San Francisco, CA.• It makes me tremor!• Felt as far away as South Africa.• It measured 8.0 on the Richter Scale.• Fires after the event lasted for four days.



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69: Vitellius was confirmed as the next emperor by the Roman Senate. In a few months, he was killed by his soldiers. He was said to be good natured but that ledto his downfall. Why would it be fatal for a Roman emperor to be “good natured”?

Oligarchy: A form of government in which the governmental control is in the hands of afew. Rome, in the later days of the empire,became this style of leadership. Why is this form of government often corruptible?

1994: The federal building was bombed in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, killing 168 persons. The car bomb, left out in front of the building, changed security policies for all federal buildings. Why do you thinkthe U.S. always has to learn to change policies after a disaster?

Who am I?• I was born in 1903.• I was an FBI agent. • The gangs ran for cover when they heardmy name.• My name rhymes with less.



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1862: Louis Pasteur and Claude Barnarddevelop the process that became know aspasteurization (this process makes milk safeto drink). When does a cold glass of milk taste best?

Map projection: The style of making a rounded globe show accurately on a flat surface. What parts of the globe are often most distorted?

1999: Columbine High School in Littleton,Colorado became the site of a deadly school shooting. Thirteen students, one teacher and the two shooters were dead in when SWAT entered the building four hours after the shooters. What things are done at your school to ensure your safety?

What famed dictator was born in this date?• The birth year was 1889.• He was born in Austria.• He was an artist.• He wrote Mein Kampf in prison.• He believed that he was part of a superior race.



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753 B.C.E.: Rome is founded. The legend is that twins, Romulus and Remus, were raised by wolves and Romulus defeated Remus, beginning ancient Rome. What fascinates you most about Ancient Rome?

Cabinet: Selected advisors to the presidentwho have expertise in areas the presidentdoes not. If you create a cabinetmember to help you with homework, what area would it be in?What area (s) could yoube the expert?

1878: Firemen in New York struggled with quickly getting from thesecond floor to the first when the alarm was sounded. The firehouse pole was invented. What would be difficult about using one of those things? Would you liketo try it or not? Why?

What architectural feat is being described?• This structure was opened in 1962.• President Kennedy opened it with a remote control switch from Florida.• The structure is in Seattle, Washington.• It has a revolving restaurant on the topwhich makes a complete circle every hour.



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1056: A supernova in the night sky triggered astrologists to predict the worst!Create a mini ad or display of what astrologists might have created (if they had your skills!)

Exchange rate: The value of one country’s currency in terms of another. Sometimes, the United States money is quite valuable and at other times, it is worth less. Where do you like to shop? Do you pick it for what they sell or that they sell things cheaper?

1886: The Sooners, thousands of settlers who were promised cheap land in Oklahoma, raced across the borders at noon, trying to homestead a piece for themselves. Describe your strategy if youwere attempting the same thing.

“No man should escape our universities without knowing how little he knows.”-J. Robert Oppenheimer

Oppenheimer, born on this day in 1904, created the atomic bomb. What does hisstatement imply about knowledge?



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1564: William Shakespeare is born. He went on to be the leading playwright in all of history. The most amazing thing is thathis work is still loved, read and performed today. What plays do you know of by Shakespeare?

Political map: A map which shows boundariesdetermined by countries, states or counties.How does that differ from a topographicalMap?

1867: The Zoetrope is patented which was the early stages of motion pictures. The machine would show pictures and because each picture varied slightly, theyappeared to be moving. The techniques of today’s films are amazing. What films use the most incredible visual effects?

Who was I?• I had darling curls.• I was born on this date in 1928.• I died in 2014.• I could sing and dance. • My last name sounds like a place to worship.



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1915: New Zealand and Australia hoped to open up the Dardanelle Straits inTurkey, but were defeated soundly - 300,000 lives were lost! It was discovered later that the waters were littered with mines. What might have been the strategy following this disaster?

Feudal relationship: The way a lord, the vassals and serfs interacted in order to make the manor successful. Imagine you are lordof a manor. Convince the poor people of thetown to come work for you (remember, youwant most of the profit!)

1833: Americans must love Jacob Ebert and George Dulty! They patented the first soda fountain! What is your favorite kind(or kinds) of soda?

The oldest woman in America was born in1867 and lived 113 years, 273 days. Thatmeans she lived from 1867-1980. Whatevents, inventions and people did she know in her lifetime?



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1792: The people of prior times were oftenthought to be a little barbaric. That may be true when it comes to the guillotine. This instrument would drop down, cutting off the head of a criminal. Do you think the electric chair or lethal injection is more humane? State your stance.

Caste system: Hierarchy of people, placing them in levels, used for some time in India. The sad part of the system was that if a personwas placed in a low level,it was almost impossibleto get status. How is life different in the U.S.?

1901: License plates are required for the first time. The vanity plates (plates thatyou name) are fun! One eye doctor had the following: 2 C C Me! Create a clevervanity plate that you could use in the future! (remember – there is a limit of sevenletters or numbers!)

What was my invention?• Marconi came up with the idea (bornon this date in 1874).• It used to run on a transistor. • You don’t have to pay for my services.• Most people have their favorite DJ!• I have a dial and different stations.



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1994: South Africa elected Nelson Mandelain a landslide victory. Even though Mandelahad been imprisoned for many years, the people of South Africa recognized a great man. What characteristics should a great leader possess?

Demographics: Statistical make up of a population. Demographics counts people bymale/female, age, occupation, ethnicity, etc.What are the demographics of where you live?

1954: The polio vaccine was tested in the United States. In a few short years, this vaccine would eradicate polio. What do youpredict will be the diseases the future will not have to deal with when modern research locates a cure?

Charles Francis Richter was born on this datein 1900. He was a seismologist who came up with the test to rate earthquake activity.A level 2 is 10 times greater than a 1 and alevel 3 is ten times greater than a level 2. When there is a 7 or 8 pointer, you can see why it is so devastating. Share what you know about earthquakes in your area.



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1521: I guess it was a bad day to visit the Philippines! After sailing ¾ the way aroundthe world, Ferdinand Magellan is killed by a poison arrow. What might have been a clever retort he could of said, just before he passed on?

Credit: The amount that you can pre-spendwith the guarantee that you will pay it back.Many things are bought on credit these days.What are the pleasures and the dangers ofbuying on credit?

1865: It is awful to have a tragedy at the end of a tragedy. The Civil War was endingand as veterans returned home, 1700 perished when the boat they were in exploded and sank. The Mississippi was overflowing and most drowned. What do you love and fear about the water?

Who was I?• I was born in 1822.• I served as president of the United States.• I fought in the Civil War (Generally).• I was a Union man!



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66: Roman forces sack Jerusalem. Jerusalemhas always been a city that many want. Itis significant to Christianity, Islam and Judaism. Where is Jerusalem located?

Jim Crow Laws: Laws that limited freedomsof African Americans. These laws were in place prior to the Civil War but were abolishedafter the war. What groups of people, living in America, do you feel are restrictedand it what way?

1897: Under pressure from the U.S. government, the Chickasaw and ChoctawTribes of Oklahoma give up their claim tothe land, allowing more settlers to enter. Describe what the natives lost in addition totheir land.

1770: Captain James Cook arrives in Australia. Australia has the most uniquefeatures and wildlife. Describe what about Australia you would most like to see.



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1429: Joan of Arc, then 17, broke the siegeof Orleans. Despite her accomplishment, she was later burned at the stake. What inspires one so young to be unusually brave? Infer what might have given her the ability beyond her years.

Civil Rights: The privileges of citizens and their relationship with other citizens. What freedoms do you possess? What are the limits to those freedoms?

1898: The first cancer lab is established inNew York City. We are still battling this disease today. Why do you think canceris still unbeatable, in some cases, yet today?

Duke Ellington, jazz great, was awarded theMedal of Freedom in 1969. When asked about being snubbed for previous awardsbecause he was African American, he said, “Fate doesn’t want me to be famous too young.” He was 66. Describe how his wordsmake you feel about him.



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1494: He’s back! Christopher Columbus lands in the New World again: Cuba!Our country has a rugged relationship withCuba. The communistic government doesnot set well with our democratic ideals!Where is Cuba and how far is it from TheUnited States?

Consumer: A person who purchases and uses products. We are all consumers. Whatproducts does your family depend on? How do you decide where to buy what you need?

1789: George Washington is sworn in as thefirst President of the United States. He hadmany challenges to face, especially starting a new nation. What are the difficulties withstarting something new?

What happened on this date?• I began in 1997.• All we do is talk, talk, talk!• I am hosted by a humorous blond!• The hostess gives her guests gifts.

Take off with history! Welcome to April 1! Historical brains engaged…commence ignition!

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