Take a minute it think about your own personality. Write about one aspect of your personality you like best and why. Then think about one you would most like to change. Share if you feel comfortable.

Trait: An aspect of personality that is considered t be reasonably stable.

Assume a person has certain traits based on how they behave.

Believed that there are four basic fluids, or humors in the body

Certain diseases and disorders were believed to reflect a lack of balance

Removal of blood and vomiting were recommended to restore balance!

Psychologist who in the 1930’s, cataloged 18,000 human traits

Physical, emotional and moralAssumed traits can be inherited and they are fixed in the nervous system. Building blocks of personality

Focused on relationships between two personality dimensionsIntroversion-Extroversion

Introverts=imaginative and look inwardExtroverts=active and self expressive

Emotional stability- instability Stable=reliable composed, rationalUnstable=agitated and unpredictable

Apply concepts of introversion and extroversion to these characters.How do these aspects of personality affect behavior?

5 Basic Personality Factors

IdBasic drives, such as hungerDemands pleasure through instant gratificationPleasure principle=urge for an immediate release of energy or emotion that will bring personal gratification, relief or pleasure

EgoDevelops because a child’s demands for instant gratification cannot be met. Reality principle=understanding that in the real world we cannot always get what we want.

SuperegoMoral principle=incorporating the standards and values of parents and members of community , the superego provides us with moral sense.

Freud Video

Repression removes anxiety-causing ideas from conscious awareness by pushing them into the unconscious.

Rationalization-use of self-deception to justify unacceptable behavior or ideas

Displacement-transfer of an idea or impulse from a threatening or unsuitable object to a less threatening object.

Regression-when an individual is under a great deal of stress he or she will return to behavior that is characteristic of an earlier stage of development.

Projection-People see their own faults in others

Reaction Formation-Act contrary to their genuine feelings in order to keep their true feelings hidden.

Denial-Person refuses to accept the reality of anything that is bad or upsetting.

Oral StageAnal StagePhallic StageLatency StageGenital Stage

Stage Age Erogenous Zone

Conflict Effects of Fixation

Oral 0-18 months

Mouth Weaning from breast or bottle

Smoking, gum chewing, nail biting, overeating, drinking, sarcasm

Anal 18 mos – 3 yrs.

Anus Toilet Training

Perfectionist (anal retentive) rebellious or destructive (anal expulsive)

Phallic 3 - 6 yrs. Genitals OvercomeOedipal Complex

Castration Anxiety, struggle w/ authority (M), penis envy, flirtiness (F), mate attraction preoccupation (M OR F)

Latency 6 yrs. – puberty

None Interacting w/ same sex peers

Being Asexual

Genital Puberty – Adult

Genitals Establishing intimate relationships w/ opposite sex -------------

Analytic psychology-places greater emphasis on the influences of mysticism and religion than on human behavior. Collective unconscious=store of human concepts shared by all people across all culturesArchetypes=ideas and images of the accumulated experience of human beings.

Inferiority complex-people are basically motivated by a need to overcome feelings of inferiority.

Physical, sibling rivalryCreative self

External forces or influences, not internal influences, such as traits largely shape people’s preferences and behavior.

Socialization=process by which people learn the socially desirable behaviors in their particular culture and adopt them as part of their personalities.

Importance of learning by observation and on the role of the cognitive process that produce individual differences Not only from observation, but internal Factors

SkillsValuesGoalsExpectations Self-efficacy expectations

Evaluate Skinner’s belief that environmental influences condition or shape behavior. What are examples of the kinds of positive reinforcers that people receive at different points in their lives?

Believed humans are separated from lower animals because they recognized their desire to achieve self-actualization=to reach their full potential

Self Concept=view of oneself as an individual.He believed that the key to happiness and healthy adjustment is congruence, or consistency between one’s self concept and one’s experience. We all develop a need for self-esteem.

Path to self-actualization requires getting in touch with our genuine feelings and acting on them.

YouTube - If You Know Nothing About Personality: 12 Maslow

I am…..

Complete the statement I am….with 10 different endings.

Individualism-valued by many in the U.S. Tend to define themselves in terms of their personal identities and priority to personal goals.

Collectivism-Africa, Asia and Central and South America tend to be more collectivistic.

Define themselves in terms of the groups to which they belong and often give priority to the goals of the group.

Video

Acculturation

Process of adapting to a new or different culture.

Cultural differencesAssimilationmaintain separation.