TAH Pasadena Progressivism and California's Era of Reform November 5, 2011 The Progressive Movement...
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TAH Pasadena Progressivism and California's Era of Reform November 5, 2011 e Progressive Movement 1. Toward a New Politics: The Context of Progressivism The Insecurity of Modern Life Social Housekeeping Evolution or Revolution 2. The Progressives: Their Methods, Goals, and Limitations Social workers and Muckrakers Dictatorship of the Experts Progressives on the Color Line 3. Progressives in State and Local Politics Redesigning the City Reform Mayors, City Services, and the States 4. The President Becomes “The Administration” The Executive Branch Against the Trusts Conserving Water, Land, and Forests Big Stick Diplomacy and Dollar Diplomacy 5. Rival Visions of the Industrial Future The New Nationalism The 1912 Election and New Freedom
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Transcript of TAH Pasadena Progressivism and California's Era of Reform November 5, 2011 The Progressive Movement...
TAH PasadenaProgressivism and California's Era of Reform
November 5, 2011
The Progressive Movement
1. Toward a New Politics: The Context of Progressivism The Insecurity of Modern Life Social Housekeeping Evolution or Revolution
2. The Progressives: Their Methods, Goals, and Limitations Social workers and Muckrakers Dictatorship of the Experts Progressives on the Color Line
3. Progressives in State and Local Politics Redesigning the City Reform Mayors, City Services, and the States
4. The President Becomes “The Administration” The Executive Branch Against the Trusts Conserving Water, Land, and Forests Big Stick Diplomacy and Dollar Diplomacy
5. Rival Visions of the Industrial Future The New Nationalism The 1912 Election and New Freedom
1. Toward a New Politics: The Context of Progressivism The Insecurity of Modern Life Social Housekeeping Evolution or Revolution
TAH PasadenaProgressivism and California's Era of Reform
November 5, 2011
The Railroad: The Mother of the Corporation - and
of Modern Live
TAH PasadenaProgressivism and California's Era of Reform
November 5, 2011
The Power of Corporate Trusts – J.P. Morgan:
(1837-1913), began as an accountant for banking firms until he became a partner in a company in 1871, which was reorganized as
J.P. Morgan and Company in 1895. A coldly rational man, Morgan reorganized railroads
after 1885, by gaining control of large amounts of stock. In 1896, Morgan embarked on consolidations in the electric and steel
industries, creating the world's first billion-dollar corporation: U.S. Steel. By the early
1900s, Morgan was the main force behind the “Money Trusts”, controlling virtually all the
basic American industries.
1. Toward a New Politics: The Context of Progressivism The Insecurity of Modern Life Social Housekeeping Evolution or Revolution
TAH PasadenaProgressivism and California's Era of Reform
November 5, 2011
1. Toward a New Politics: The Context of Progressivism The Insecurity of Modern Life Social Housekeeping Evolution or Revolution
Children sleeping in Mulberry Street, Jacob Riis, 1890
TAH PasadenaProgressivism and California's Era of Reform
November 5, 2011
Jacob Riis, Five Cents Lodging, Bayard Street, c. 1889
1. Toward a New Politics: The Context of Progressivism
The Insecurity of Modern Life Social Housekeeping Evolution or Revolution
Living and Working Conditions of the Working Class
Luna Park at Coney IslandConey Island became a pleasure resort
in the 1870s, but not until the turn of the century, with the development of elaborate amusement parks like Luna
Park -- pictured here with its elaborate tower, electric lights, flags, and "Helter Skelter" chute--did Coney Island come
into its own as the capital of commercialized leisure. Highlights for
Coney Island visitors included the beach, the vaudeville hall, and the
midway with its rides and its risqué harem dancers. It was the largest
amusement area in the United States through World War II.
TAH PasadenaProgressivism and California’s Era of Reform
November 5, 2011
1. Toward a New Politics: The Context of Progressivism
The Insecurity of Modern Life Social Housekeeping Evolution or Revolution
Sins and Pleasures of Working Class Immigrants
TAH PasadenaProgressivism and California's Era of Reform
November 5, 2011
1. Toward a New Politics: The Context of Progressivism The Insecurity of Modern Life Social Housekeeping Evolution or Revolution
The Radical Labor Movement and Socialism
Populism - The Wonderful Wizard of Oz?This beloved children's classic was published in
1900 in the wake of the collapse of western Populism, and many have read it as a metaphor
of the movement. The author, L. Frank Baum, was an advocate of Populism. He was married to Maud Gage, daughter of suffrage leader Matilda
Joslyn Gage. The book centers around an adventuresome young girl from the Populist
farm state of Kansas, named Dorothy after the Baums' recently deceased daughter. In the
book, Dorothy is saved through magical shoes made of silver, echoing the Populist demand for
a silver-based currency.
TAH PasadenaProgressivism and California's Era of Reform
November 5, 2011
1. Toward a New Politics: The Context of Progressivism The Insecurity of Modern Life Social Housekeeping Evolution or Revolution
TAH PasadenaProgressivism and California's Era of Reform
November 5, 2011
muckraker: term coined by Theodore Roosevelt that referred to a group of investigative
journalists who published stories exposing shady practices and corruption in business and
politics.
2. The Progressives: Their Methods, Goals, and Limitations Social workers and Muckrakers Dictatorship of the Experts Progressives on the Color Line
TAH PasadenaProgressivism and California's Era of Reform
November 5, 2011
The Progressive Movement
Ida TarbellIda M. Tarbell served as managing editor of McClure's
Magazine, where her "History of the Standard Oil Company" ran in serial form for three years. Her
revelations of the ruthless practices John D. Rockefeller used to seize control of the oil-refining industry
convinced readers that it was time for economic and political reforms to curb the power of big business.
Tarbell grew up in the Pennsylvania oil region and knew firsthand how Standard Oil crushed competitors--her
father was forced out of business by Rockefeller's South Improvement Company.
2. The Progressives Social workers and Muckrakers Dictatorship of the Experts Progressives on the Color Line
TAH PasadenaProgressivism and California's Era of Reform
November 5, 2011
The Progressive Movement
Triangle Shirtwaist Factory FireThe doors were the problem. Most were locked (to keep the working girls from leaving early); the few that were open became jammed by bodies as the flames spread. When the fire trucks finally came, the ladders were too short. Compared with those caught inside, the girls who leapt to their deaths were the lucky ones. "As I looked up I saw a love affair in the midst of all the horror," a reporter wrote. A young man was helping girls leap from a window. The fourth "put her arms about him and kiss[ed] him. Then he held her out into space and dropped her." He immediately followed. "Thud--dead, Thud--dead...I saw his face before they covered it...He was a real man. He had done his best." -New York Tribune, March 26, 1911.
2. The Progressives Social workers and Muckrakers Dictatorship of the Experts Progressives on the Color Line
TAH PasadenaProgressivism and California's Era of Reform
November 5, 2011
Hull House: the first settlement house in the United States. Opened in Chicago by Jane Addams and Ellen Gates Starr in 1889. Set up a nursery for the children of working
mothers, a penny savings bank, an employment bureau, a baby clinic, a playground, and a social club. Also promoted the arts by sponsoring an orchestra, reading groups,
and a lecture series.
2. The Progressives Social workers and
Muckrakers Dictatorship of the
Experts Progressives on the
Color Line
Frederick Winslow Taylor and Scientific Management
2. The Progressives Social workers and Muckrakers Dictatorship of the Experts
TAH PasadenaProgressivism and California's Era of Reform
November 5, 2011
TAH PasadenaProgressivism and California's Era of Reform
November 5, 2011
2. The Progressives The Nation and the Body
TAH PasadenaProgressivism and California's Era of Reform
November 5, 2011
2. The Progressives The Nation and the Body
TAH PasadenaProgressivism and California's Era of Reform
November 5, 2011
2. The Progressives Progressives on the Color Line
Ida B. Wells – muckraking on Lynching
TAH PasadenaProgressivism and California's Era of Reform
November 5, 2011
Booker T. Washington:Born into slavery in Virginia in 1856,
struggled to obtain an education, founded the Tuskegee Institute in 1881. Known as an “accommodator” he called
on southern blacks to “cast down your bucket where you are,” and focus on self-improvement rather than equal
rights of citizenship. Praised by whites for his “Atlanta Compromise” (1895),
he gained access to the most powerful men in the country.
2. The Progressives Progressives on the Color Line
2. The Progressives Social workers and Muckrakers Dictatorship of the Experts Progressives on the Color Line
TAH PasadenaProgressivism and California's Era of Reform
November 5, 2011
TAH PasadenaProgressivism and California's Era of Reform
November 5, 2011
FaucetIn response to Chicago's typhoid fever outbreak in 1882 (which was caused by polluted water), enlightened city engineers created and expanded municipal sewage systems and devised ingenious ways to bring clean water to the urban population. By the 1890s, the residents of American cities demanded and received, at the twist of a faucet, water for their bathtubs, toilets, and even their lawn sprinklers. Those who could afford it enjoyed a standard of living that was the envy of civilization.
3. Progressives in State and Local Politics
Redesigning the City Reform Mayors, City Services,
and the States
TAH PasadenaProgressivism and California's Era of Reform
November 5, 2011
The City:Zoning Laws
Housing CodesSettlement Houses
Americanization:Women’s Christian Temperance Union
National Urban League
3. Progressives in State and Local Politics
Redesigning the City Reform Mayors, City Services, and the
States
Galveston after its Hurricane 1900
Mulberry Street, New York, 1898
TAH PasadenaProgressivism and California's Era of Reform
November 5, 2011
Australian ballot: secret ballot printed by the government, introduced in virtually every state by the 1890s. Enabled voters to cast their votes privately. Signified the
government’s commitment to election reform.
Reforming Democracy:17th Amendment (Senators)
19th Amendment (Vote for Women)
Reforming City Government:Citywide Elections
City Commission PlanCity Manager Plan
Reforming State Government:Initiative
ReferendumRecall
Creating the Virtuous Electorate:Secret Voting
RegistrationPoll Tax
Creation of the INS (1906)Disfranchisement
3. Progressives in State and Local Politics Redesigning the City Reform Mayors, City Services, and the States
TAH PasadenaProgressivism and California's Era of Reform
November 5, 2011
Campaigning for Woman's Suffrage (Woman's Suffrage Flag)In 1896 women voted in only four states--Wyoming, Colorado, Idaho, and Utah. The West led the way in the campaign for womn suffrage, partially because of demographics, as in the case of Wyoming, where only 16 votes were needed in the state's tiny legislature to obtain passage of the vote for women. This flag illustrates the number of states where women voted.
3. Progressives in State and Local Politics
Redesigning the City
Reform Mayors, City Services, and the States
TAH PasadenaProgressivism and California's Era of Reform
November 5, 2011
3. Progressives in State and Local Politics
Redesigning the City
Reform Mayors, City Services, and the States
Campaigning for the Square DealWhen William McKinley ran for president in 1896, he sat on his front porch in Canton, Ohio, and received delegations of voters. That was not Theodore Roosevelt's way. He
considered the presidency a "bully pulpit," and he used the office brilliantly to mobilize public opinion and to assert his leadership. The preeminence of the presidence in
American public life begins with Roosevelt's administration. Here, Roosevelt stumps for the Square Deal in the 1904 election.
TAH PasadenaProgressivism and California's Era of Reform
November 5, 2011
4. The President Becomes “The Administration”
The Executive Branch Against the Trusts
Conserving Water, Land, and Forests
Big Stick Diplomacy and Dollar Diplomacy
TAH PasadenaProgressivism and California's Era of Reform
November 5, 2011
4. The President Becomes “The Administration”
The Executive Branch Against the Trusts Conserving Water, Land, and Forests
Big Stick Diplomacy and Dollar Diplomacy
Busting the Trusts: Regulating Businesses:Theodore Roosevelt: Public Pressure and Trust-BusterHoward Taft: Hostile LitigatorWoodrow Wilson: Regulation and Government Oversight
TAH PasadenaProgressivism and California's Era of Reform
November 5, 2011
Teddy Roosevelt once declared himself to be "as strong as a bull moose." The
appellation stuck and the moose became the popular symbol for the Progressive
Party. This cartoon depicting the mascots of the major parties appeared in Harper's
Weekly, July 20, 1912, just before the "Bull Moose" convention opened in Chicago.e "as
strong as a bull moose." The appellation stuck and the moose became the popular
symbol for the Progressive Party under Roosevelt. This cartoon depicting the
mascots of the major parties appeared in Harper's Weekly, July 20, 1912, just before
the "Bull Moose" convention opened in Chicago.
4. The President Becomes “The Administration”
The Executive Branch Against the Trusts Conserving Water, Land, and Forests
TAH PasadenaProgressivism and California's Era of Reform
November 5, 2011
4. The President Becomes “The Administration”
The Executive Branch Against the Trusts Conserving Water, Land, and Forests
TAH PasadenaProgressivism and California's Era of Reform
November 5, 2011
5. Rival Visions of the Industrial Future
The New Nationalism The 1912 Election and
New Freedom
TAH PasadenaProgressivism and California's Era of Reform
November 5, 2011
Important Regulatory Initiatives of the Progressive Era:
Sherman Anti-Trust ActPure Food and Drug Act
Meat Inspection ActFederal Trade Commission
Federal Reserve ActFederal Income Tax Amendment
(16th)
5. Rival Visions of the Industrial Future The New Nationalism The 1912 Election and New Freedom
Regulating Capital-Labor Relations:Kern McGillicuddy Act (Federal
Workers’ Comp)Factory Inspection Laws (NY)
Keating Owen Act (Child Labor Prohibition)
Clayton Anti-Trust Act (businesses vs. unions)
Federal Industries Relations Commission
TAH PasadenaProgressivism and California's Era of Reform
November 5, 2011
Discussion:
1. How have you taught Progressivism in the past?
2. What has worked? What hasn’t?
3. What are the challenges of teaching this topic?
4. New Approaches to Teaching Progressivism:
