TABULATION AND GRAPHICAL DATA

Done by: Ibrahim Razzan, Di-HRM_3, International Institute for Professional Development

What is meant by Statistics?

Statistics is the science of collecting, organizing, presenting, analyzing, and interpreting numerical data to assist in making more effective decisions.

Definition by Shaya'a Othman

“Statistics is a scientific method of collecting, organizing, presenting, analysing and interpreting of numerical information, developed from mathematical theory of probability, to assist in making effective and efficient decision.”

My data collection

Air India, passengers carried from MALDIVES2005-2010

YEARS NO.OF PASSENGERS

2005 81945

2006 93417

2007 92483

2008 91096

2009 85448

2010 79135

Air India Passengers carried include both domestic and international aircraft passengers of air carriers registered in the country.

It’s a Secondary Data Collection

BAR CHARTS

It is a graph in which the classes are reported on the horizontal axis and the class frequencies are on vertical axis. The class frequencies are proportional to heights of bars.

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

70000

75000

80000

85000

90000

95000

Air India, passengers carried from MALDIVES2005-2010

No.of Passengers

Advantages of BAR CHARTS

1. Beautiful and neatly constructed diagrams/charts are more attractive then simple figures2. Comparison is made easy and it will save time of the user to make quick comparison of large data.3. You can record comparison between two things or objects

Disadvantages1. Graph categories can be reordered to emphasize certain effects2. Use only with discrete data3. Limited space for labeling with vertical bar graphs

PIE CHARTS

It is a graph that shows the proportion or percent that each class represents of the total number of frequencies.

200516%

200618%

200718%

200817%

200916%

201015%

No.o Passangers

Advantages of PIE CHART1. Visual:- functioning as a visual aid to help your audience examine and interpret the data you present.

2. Percentages:- Presents percentage of DATA

Disadvantages1. Not Exact:- Since pie charts use percentages to illustrate numerical values, specific figures are not provided.2. Can´t Compare 2 Data Sets:-

A graph that uses points connected by lines to show how something changes in value (as time goes by, or as something else happens).

LINE GRAPH

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 201070000

75000

80000

85000

90000

95000

Air India, passengers carried from MALDIVES2005-2010

Years

No

. o

f P

asse

ng

ers

A diagram consisting of rectangles whose area is proportional to the frequency of a variable and whose width is equal to the class interval.

HISTOGRAM

No.of Passengers

70000 80000 90000 100000

201020092008200720062005

Advantages of HISTOGRAM

For a histogram the advantages are. Visually strong , Usually vertical axis is a frequency count of items

Disadvantageshe disadvantages are cannot read exact values because data is grouped into categories, More difficult to compare two data sets.

Conclusion graphical representation gives a bird's-eye, immediate & overall view/perspective without having to read each column/row in a table.it is also easier to remember, understand & recall since visual cues are also present to strengthen association.

but sometimes, some mathematical data can get lost in trying to convert it to graphics, as in case of average, rounding off, percentages, etc.

and not all data can be represented graphically.

THANK YOUANY QUESTION??