Tabletop Experiments vs Large Accelerators
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Transcript of Tabletop Experiments vs Large Accelerators
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Tabletop Experiments vs Large Accelerators
Alexander Penin
Karlsruhe University, Germany
DESY Hamburg, April 2007
in Hunting New Physics
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Preface
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Search for fundamental constituents of Matter
Shorter distances
Higher energies
Larger Accelerators
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Discovery of Electron
Sir J.J.Thomson (1897)
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Measuring Z-boson
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Alternative I
Uncertainty Principle
High accuracy, low scale experiments, e.g.
Muon anomalous magnetic momentMuon decay spectrum
(Brookhaven)
(TWIST/TRIUMF)
Probing high energies through quantum effects:
Suppression factor
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Alternative II
Very subtle effects
Mirror Universe
Extra Dimensions
New Physics of a different kind, e.g.
Extreme accuracy of theory and experiment
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Quantum Electrodynamics (QED)
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QED = Quantum Mechanics + Relativity
Nobel Prize 1965 (R.Feynman, J.Schwinger, S.Tomonaga)
Great success
Electron anomalous magnetic moment
Fading interest
“Landau Pole”
Strong and Weak interactions
Renaissance
Positronium
Bhabha scattering
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Positronium
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Discovery of Positron
Theory Experiment
Paul Dirac (1928)
Carl Anderson (1932)
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Positronium CV
1934 - First time mentioned (S.Mohorovicic)
1945 – Baptized (A.E.Ruark)
1951 – Discovered (M.Deutch)
Hydrogen-like bound state of and
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Binding energy
Radius
Positronium Main Features
Hadronic effects negligible
Spin ParapositroniumOrthopositronium
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Positronium Main Features II
Hyperfine splitting
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Positronium Main Features III
Decay rate
Lifetime
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Quantum mechanics
Early days of quantum field theory, noncovariant perturbation theory.
Feynman‘s covariant perturbation theory.`` ...there is a moral here for us. The artificial separation of high and low frequencies, which are handled in different ways, must be avoided''
Beginning of the nonrelativistic effective theory era. (Caswell, Lepage)
Effective theory + Dimensional regularization
1930-1940s.
1949
(J. Schwinger)
1986
Now
1920-1930s.
Timeline of QED Bound States Theory
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Theory vs Experiment: HFS
M.W.Ritter et al. (1984)
A.P.Mills, Jr. (1983)
B.Kniehl, A.P. (2000); R.Hill; K.Melnikov, A.Yelkhovsky (2001)
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Theory vs Experiment: HFS
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Theory vs Experiment: Decays
“Positronium lifetime puzzle” (1982-2003)
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Theory vs Experiment: Decays
Tokyo (SiO2 powder, 2003)
Michigan (vacuum, 2003)
B.Kniehl, A.P.; R.Hill and G.P.Lepage; K.Melnikov, A.Yelkhovsky (2000)
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Theory vs Experiment: Decays
Positronium lifetime puzzle is solved !
. . . for the moment
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Running Positronium Experiments
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Zürich
Michigan
Tokyo
Halle
München
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Lewis Carrol (1871)
“Through the
Looking-Glass”
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Weak interactions distinguish between left and right!
Nobel Prize 1957 (T.D.Lee, C.N.Yang)
Parity Violation in Nature
Neutron decay
Standard model
Nobel Prize 1979 (S.Glashow, S.Weinberg, A.Salam)
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The Mirror Universe
A.Salam; I.Kobzarev, L.Okun, Y.Pomeranchuk (1966)
Interaction with “normal” particles
Gravity (dark matter?)
Mixing
Mirror Universe: left right
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Positronium and the Mirror Universe
S.Glashow (1986)
Hyperfine splitting
Decay rate
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The Extra Dimensions
L.Randall, R.Sundrum (1999)
S.Dubovsky, V.Rubakov, P.Tinyakov (2000)
T.Kaluza (1921); O.Klein (1926)
Compact extra dimensions
Infinite extra dimensions
Matter can escape into the extra dimensions!
Invisible at low energies
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Positronium and the Extra Dimensions
Decay rate
Gravitational potential
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Bhabha Scattering
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H.J.Bhabha (1935)
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Luminosity of Colliders
Bhabha scattering is the “standard candle”
Easy to measureQED dominated
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BABAR/PEP-II, BELLE/KEKB, BES/BEPC,
High energy colliders:
LEP, ILC
Low energy colliders: KLOE/DAPHNE, VEPP-2M, . . .
Luminosity of Colliders
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Luminosity of Colliders
GigaZ/ILC
KLOE, CMD
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H.J.Bhabha (1935)
R.Bonciani et al.; A.P. (2005)
Radiative Corrections
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Summary
In the ultimate era of giant accelerators we should not forget the tabletop experimentsAfter a rise and a fall, QED stocks are traded high again