Table tennis

Table Tennis

• An indoor adaptation of the game of lawn tennis, played on a table sized court, with a small, very light, hollow celluloid ball and small wooden rackets or paddles. It is also called “ping-pong”, “wiff waff”, and “gossima”.

• A game resembling tennis played on a top with wooden paddles and a small hollow plastic ball.

Table Tennis History

Originated in England, Hungary and Czechoslovakia and later became popular in the United States.

19th Century Table tennis became popular in England and the United States.

20th Century the became sensationally popular and commercial interest in England and the United States popularized it under the trade name “ Pingpong”.

Table Tennis History

1890 – “Pingpong” was the original name of Table tennis.

1926 – (ITTF) International Table Tennis Federation was established in Berlin

1933 – United States Table Tennis Association was established

1928 – Sponge rackets were being developed by John Jacques and Company.

1950’s – The introduction of a new stroke.

Table Tennis

Characteristics:

Team members – Single or DoublesMixed gender – Men and WomenCategorization _ Racket sports or

indoor/outdoor games

Facilities and Equipment

The Table

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Table_Tennis_the_table.jpg


The TableThe upper surface of the table, known as the

playing surface, shall be rectangular 9 feet(2.74m) in length and 5 feet(1.52m) in with. The playing surface shall be in a horizontal plane 2 ft. 6 inches(76cm.) above the floor.


The Table Shall be in surface rectangular, 2.74m. In length and 1,52m in

with; it shall be supported so that it upper surface termed the surface, shall lie in a horizontal plane 760mm. Above the floor.

The playing surface shall be dark-colored, preferably dark green and matt, with a white line of 20mm. Broad along each edge.

The lines at the 1.525m, shall be termed as side lines.


The TableFor Doubles, the playing surface shall be

termed center line, divided into halves by a white line 3mm, broad, running parallel to the side lines. The center line may, for convenience, be permanently marked in full length on the table and this in no way invalidates the table for singles play.


The Net


The Net

Shall be suspended by a cord attached at each end to an upright post 15.25cm high, the outside limits of the post being 15.25cm outside the side line.

The top of the net along its whole length shall be 15.25cm above the playing surface and the bottom of the net shall be as close as possible to the playing surface along its whole length and the ends of the net shall be as close as possible to the supporting posts.


The Ball Shall be spherical, with a diameter of 38mm. It shall be made of

celluloid or similar plastic, white, yellow, and orange. It weights 2.5 grams.

The Racket May be any size, shape or weight. Its blade shall be flat and

rigid. At least 85% of the blade by thickness shall be of natural wood. An adhesive layer, within the blade may be reinforced with fibrous material such as carbon fiber, glass fiber or compressed paper but shall not ticker than 7.5% of the total thickness or 0.35mm whichever is the smaller.


The RacketOrdinary Pimpled Rubber is a single layer of non-

cellular rubber, natural synthetic with pimples evenly distributed over its surface at a density of not less than 10/sq.cm. and not more than 50/sq.cm.

Sandwich Rubber is a single layer of cellular rubber covered with a single outer layer of the pimpled rubber not being more than 2 mm.

Basic skill techniques

• Forehand Grip• Backhand Grip• Penhold Grip• Footwork and stance

The Grip

Shake hands grip-forehand side.

Shake hands grip - backhand side

Shake hands Grip

• Start by “shaking hands” with the racquet handle. Now extend your index finger along the bottom of the blade. This gives extra stability to the blade.

• Now check the thumb. It should be along thebottom of the blade, on the opposite side from your index finger. The thumbnail should be perpendicular to the blade. The soft part of the thumb should not be touching the blade. Now check the crook of the thumb and forefinger. The blade should rest there, perhaps a little to the index finger side but never on the thumb side. The exact placement can be varied somewhat.

Shakehands Grip

• With this grip, there are now two anchors – the thumb and index finger and the last three fingers around the handle. In addition, themiddle finger helps support the weight of the blade. With the fingers in proper position, the blade is very stable. When hitting a backhand, the thumb gives a firm backing; when hitting a forehand, the index finger does this.

Penhold

The penhold grip is so-named because one grips the racket similarly to the way one holds a writing instrument.

The most popular style, usually referred to as the Chinese penhold style, involves curling the middle, ring, and fourth finger on the back of the blade with the three fingers always remain touching one another.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Writing_instrument

Footwork and Stance

• A good stance in receiving is about 2 to 2½feet directly at the back of the center line of the court.

• Stand with the feet a little apart and with the left foot forward.(for a right – handed person).

Getting Started

Practice bouncing

the ball on the

racquet. developed

their hand/eye

Coordination have

Them try bouncing

the ball on the

racquet but using

alternate sides of

the racquet.Bouncing a ball on a racket helps increase coordination for young beginners.

Simple Serves

Forehand Topspin Serve

Forehand Topspin Serve

On all serves, the

points that should be

stressed are:

• Keep the ball low.

• All serves should be served with as much spin or as much speed as possible.

• All serves should be aimed at a particular part

of the table, not just served in the general direction of the far side.

• Serve with a general plan in mind. If you want a topspin return, serve topspin. If you want a backspin return, serve backspin. Of course, this

is just a generality. You can’t force your opponent to return the ball the way you want. But you can try.

• Make sure the serve is legal!

A topspin serve, have them hold the racquet so it is perpendicular to the floor. Have them contact the ball on the back towards the top with an upward and forward motion. Show them how to graze the ball for maximum topspin. This serve can be done either forehand or backhand, whichever is easier for the child. However, they should eventually learn to do it both forehand and backhand

Simple Serves

Forehand Backspin Serve

A backspin serve, have him/her hold theracquet so the hitting surface is pointing mostly upward at about a 45 degree angle to the floor. The specific angle depends both on the type of racquet surface, the speed of the racquet at contact, and how finely the ball is grazed. This is true on all serves, but especially with backspin and sidespin.

Contact the ball on the back towards the bottom with a downward stroke. Again, stress that the more you graze the ball, the more spin. This serve can also be done both forehand and backhand, and both ways should be learned.

Backhand Topspin Serve

Backhand Backspin Serve

Forehand Sidespin Serve

Backhand Sidespin Serve - similar to a backhand backspin or topspin serveexcept racket moves sidewaysinstead of down or up

The Strokes Techniques or

Ready Position for Strokes

•You should stand at the table.

•Have your playersstand in a slight crouch with the knees slightly bent.

•Weight should be on the balls of the feet, Which should be slightly farther than shoulder width apart.

Offensive strokes

FOREHAND TOP SPIN SHOT

• This shot is basic offensive drive accomplished by striking the ball with a vigorous motion either on the dropping part of the bounce or at the height of the bounce. Make an upward-forward movement of the racket in order to make a top spin. You can use this shot on high- bouncing returns. Be sure to put more weight on your forward foot to add power to the shot.

Forehand Drive

Forehand Drive

Rotate the body to the right at the

waist and rotate the arm back at

the elbow. The elbow should stay

near the waist. Weight should be

rotated to the right foot.

During the backswing, the racquet

should open slightly. The racquet

tip and arm should point slightly

down, with the elbow at about 120

degrees or so.

Forehand Drive

Start by rotating the weight

forward onto the left foot. This

initiates the forward swing. Now

Rotate the arm on the elbow

forward, keeping the elbow

almost stationary. The elbow

angle should decrease to about

90 degrees. The waist should

be rotated forward. Backswing

and forward swing should be

one continuous motion.

Forehand Drive

Contact should be made at The top of the bounce, in front and slightly to the right of the body. This will close your racquet as it contacts the ball. The racquet should rotate around the ball, creating topspin.

Sink the ball into the sponge using the upward and forward motion of the racquet. Stroke through the ball - do not stop the swing at contact.

Forehand Drive

The racquet goes roughly to the

forehead or around the right eye,

similar to a salute. Taller players

Follow through lower. Shorter

players (and most kids) follow

through a little higher. Weight

should be transferred to the left

leg, with the shoulders and waist

rotated to the left.

Backhand Drive

The Backhand drive

• Rotate the lower arm and racquet towards the stomach, bringing the racquet down to about table level. The racquet and arm should point slightly downwards, with the elbow at about a 90 degree angle. The racquet should open during the backswing. The elbow itself stays stationary. Do not use the shoulder, legs, waist, etc., at any part of the stroke!

The Backhand drive

• Rotate the lower arm and racquet forward and slightly up on elbow. The elbow moves forward just enough to keep the racquet going in a straight line.

• At contact, snap the wrist up and over the ball, closing the racquet. The racquet rotates around the ball, creating topspin. For extra power, stroke straight through the ball with less spin, sinking the ball straight into the sponge and wood.

The Backhand drive

• The arm continues to extend forward and slightly up, with the elbow extending forward to keep the racquet going in a straight line until the very end of the follow-through. At the end of the stroke, the racquet should point a little to the right of the direction the ball was hit. The elbow is now almost fully extended.

The Block -Forehand and Backhand

Backhand Block

Forehand Block

The Block

• A block is a simple way of returning a hard drive.

• A block can be done either forehand or backhand.

• the block is that you should contact the ball earlier. Take it right off the bounce.

• The block is most effective as a way to return an opponent’s drive as quickly as possible so as not to give him a chance to keep attacking.


• Very little backswing. Just get the racquet into position so that the incoming ball will contact it.

• Very little, except on an aggressive block.• The key to blocking is to use the opponent’s

speed and spin to return the ball. Contact should be made right after the bounce. Quickness is the key – you don’t want to give your opponent time to make another strong shot.


• Hold the racquet firmly and let the ball sink into the sponge and trampoline back. At contact, move the racquet forward some, more so against a slow ball than against a fast one.

• Although you have no backswing and hardly any forward motion before contact, you do have to follow through. Just move the racquet forward, rotating at the elbow.

The Push shot or Half Volley

• The push is a passive backspin shot done against backspin. It is generally done against a serve or push which you don’t want to attack.

• It is mostly done with the backhand, as the forehand push is slightly awkward and it is usually better to attack on that side.

• The key is to push so the opponent cannot attack effectively. Keep the ball low, place it well, and give it a good backspin.

Backhand Push

Backhand Push

• Point the elbow forward, open the racquet, and bring the racquet backward, rotating at the elbow. The elbow should not move much during the stroke.

• Rotate the racquet forward and slightly down.

Backhand Push

• Beginners should contact the ball as it drops. Let the ball fall onto the racquet, grazing the bottom back of the ball to create backspin.

• More advanced players can push quicker off the bounce, but for kids that may be too difficult to control. Top players do it both ways.

Forehand Push

Forehand Push

• The elbow should be slightly in front of the body. Open the racquet and bring the racquet backwards and up, almost to the right shoulder. The elbow does not move throughout the rest of the stroke.

• Rotate the racquet forward and down at the elbow.

Forehand Push

• Contact is the same as on the backhand push. Let the ball drop onto the racquet, grazing the bottom back of the ball to create backspin.

• Do not stop at contact. Follow through by extending the arm at the elbow until it is almost fully extended.

Defensive strokes

• Forehand Chop• Backhand Chop• Drop Chop• Smash shot

FOREHAND CHOP

This is defensive stroke executed with a hatchet chopping movement. The movement of the racket begins by hitting the ball forward downward and finished with your arm extended in front of you. Cut the ball with the blade down behind and under the ball so that it spins as it leaves the racket. This is done with much speed making if difficult of the opponent to return the ball.

BACKHAND CHOP

This stroke is the opposite of the forehand stroke. It is shorter and needs a strong use of the forearm and wrist. Start the stroke from chin-height and end at about the wrist-height.

DROP CHOP

This stroke is executed by swinging the racket as I making a drive but stopping the forward motion as the racket is almost hitting the ball hit the racket instead.

SMASH SHOT

From a height of about 2 ft., hit straight forward and downward without spin. This is a kill.

Forehand Loop vs. Backspin

The Loop

• a shot with excessive topspin. The spin is produced by grazing the ball in an upward direction.

• A good loop is difficult for a beginner to return without going off the end or at least popping up.

• It is easier to loop against backspin than against topspin. It is primarily a set-up shot, but it can also be used as a put away shot.

Forehand Loop

• With your right foot slightly back, bend your knees, rotate your hips, waist and shoulders backward, and bring your racket and arm down and back by dropping your right shoulder.

• Straighten your arm so elbow is nearly straight, with your wrist cocked down slightly.

Forehand Loop

• Start the forward swing by pushing off your back leg and rotating your hips and waist forward. Rotate your shoulders, pulling with your left.

• Just before contact, snap your forearm and wrist into the ball smoothly but vigorously.

• (Beginners shouldn’t use wrist at first.)

Forehand Loop

• Contact the ball as it drops for maximum spin and control, at the top of the bounce for faster, more aggressive loops.

• Contact is made in front and to the right of your body, immediately after the shoulder and hip rotation.

• Contact is a lifting, grazing motion against the back of the ball.

Forehand Loop

• Arm should continue up and forward, finishing with the racket somewhere around the forehead or higher. Transfer your weight to your left foot.

DefinitionsRally The period during which the ball is in play

Let A rally the result of which is not scored

Point A rally the result of which is scored

Racket hand the hand carrying the racket

Free hand the hand carrying of the racket.

Strikes the ball by touching it with his racket, held in hand, or with his racket-hand below the wrist.

DefinitionsVolleys

the ball if he strikes it in play when has not touched this court since last being struck by his opponent.

Obstructs

the ball if he, or anything he wears or carries, touches it in play when it was not passed over the table or an imaginary extension of his end line, not having touched his court since last being struck by his opponent.

Passing over the net

If it passes under or outside the projection of the net assembly outside the table or it. In a return, it is struck after it has bounced over the net.

DefinitionsServer the player due to strike the ball first in the rally

Receiver the player due to catch the ball first in the rally

Umpire the person appointed to decide on the result of each rally

Assistant umpire

the person appointed to assist the umpire with certain duties. Anything the player wears or carries includes anything that he was wearing or carrying at the start of rally

The Rules

Scoring

• The game is 21 points.• A game must be won by two points.• Serves are alternated every five points, except

at deuce (when they are alternated every point).• The game does not end at 7-0 or any other

score except 21 or deuce.

The Rules

Serving

• The ball must be held in an uncupped hand, with the thumb free.• The ball must be tossed up at least six inches.• The net is six inches high and can be used for comparison.• The ball must be struck while it is dropping.• Contact must be above the table level and behind the end line or its imaginary extension.• Let serves (serves that nick the net but hit the other side of the table) are taken over. You can serve any number of let serves without losing a point.

The Rules

Rallying

• You may not volley the ball (hit it before it bounces on your side of the table).

• The rally continues until someone fails to return the ball.• You may not move the table or touch it with your non-playing

hand.• To start a game, one player hides the ball in one hand under the

table and the other tries to guess what hand it is in. Winner gets the choice of serving or receiving first (or choice of sides).

The RulesStarting a game

According to ITTF rule 2.13.1, the first service is decided by lot, normally a coin toss. It is also common for one player (or the umpire/scorer) to hide the ball in one or the other hand (usually hidden under the table), allowing the other player to guess which hand the ball is in. The correct or incorrect guess gives the "winner" the option to choose to serve, receive, or to choose which side of the table to use. (A common but non-sanctioned method is for the players to play the ball back and forth four times and then play out the point. This is commonly referred to as "play to serve" or "rally to serve".)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coin_toss

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coin_toss

The Rules

Service and returnIn game play, the player serving the ball

commences a playThe server first stands with the ball held on

the open palm of the hand not carrying the racket, called the freehand, and tosses the ball directly upward without spin, at least 16 centimeters (approximately 6 inches) high.

The Rules

Service and returnThe server strikes the ball with the racket on

the ball's descent so that it touches first his court and then touches directly the receiver's court without touching the net assembly.

The ball must remain behind the endline and above the upper surface of the table, known as the playing surface, at all times during the service.

The Rules

Service and returnThe server cannot use his body or clothing to

obstruct sight of the ball; the opponent and the umpire must have a clear view of the ball at all times.

If the service is "good", then the receiver must make a "good" return by hitting the ball back before it bounces a second time on receiver's side of the table so that the ball passes the net and touches the opponent's court, either directly or after touching the net assembly.

The Rules

Service and returnThereafter, the server and receiver must

alternately make a return until the rally is over.Returning the serve is one of the most difficult

parts of the game, as the server's first move is often the least predictable and thus most advantageous shot due to the numerous spin and speed choices at his or her disposal.

The Rules

The order of playIn singles, the server shall first make a good service; the receiver shall then make a good return and there after, server and receiver alternatively shall each a good return.

THE RULES

A GOOD RETURN

Is when a ball having been served or returned in play shall be struck so that it passes directly over or around the net touches the opponent’s court either directly or after touching the net assembly.

THE RULES

THE PLAY

The ball is in play from the last moment it is projected from the hand in service until it touches anything other than the plating surface the net assembly, the racket, held in the hand or the racket hand below the wrist or the rally is otherwise decided as let or point.

ASSIGNMENT

OTHER RULES OF THE GAME IN TABLE TENNIS1. LET2. A POINT3. A MATCH4. THE CHOICE OF ENDS AND SERVICE5. THE ORDER OF SERVING, RECEIVING AND

ENDS6. THE EXPEDITE SYSTEM

Table tennis

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