PRESENTATION OF INDUSTRIAL TRAINING ON

THERMAL POWER PLANT AT NTPC, SHAKTINAGAR

Submitted by:-Sunil Kumar Singh.

EN -7th sem.0708221056

TABLE OF CONTENTS1.About NTPC2.Details of NTPC shaktinagar3.Fundamentals of genetration of electricity 4.Thermal power plant5. Important constituents of a thermal power station6. Coal Handling Plant Details 7.Mills8.Ash Handling Technique9.Switchyard

ABOUT NTPC NTPC, the largest power Company in India, was

setup in 1975 to accelerate power development in the country.

NTPC has installed capacity of 29,394 MW. It has 15 coal based power stations (23,395 MW) & 7 gas based power stations (3,955 MW) 4 power stations in Joint Ventures (1,794 MW). The company has power generating facilities in all

major regions of the country. It plans to be a 75,000 MW company by 2017.

ABOUT NTPC SHAKTINAGAR Installed Capacity 2000 MW Location Sonebhadra, Uttar Pradesh Coal Source Jayant mine Water Source Rihand Reservoir Beneficiary States

UttarPradesh,Uttranchal, Rajasthan, Punjab, Haryana, Delhi and, Himachal Pradesh, Chandigarh

Unit Sizes Stage - I: 5x 200 MW Stage -II: 2x 500 MW

GENERATION OF ELECTRICITY

Prime mover coupled to Alternator.

Prime mover is driven by energy obtained from various sources such as

burning of fuel , pressure of water, force of wind etc.

Fig. Fundamental of generation of Electricity

THERMAL POWER PLANT• A generating station which converts heat energy of coal combustion

into electrical energy is known as a steam power station.• Steam is produced in the boiler by utilizing the heat of coal

combustion. The steam is then expanded in the steam turbine and is condensed in a condenser to be fed into the boiler again. The steam turbine drives the alternator which converts mechanical energy of the turbine into electrical energy.

THE MOST IMPORTANT CONSTITUENTS OF A THERMAL POWER STATION ARE:

a. Steam generating equipmentb. Condenserc. Prime moverd. Electrical equipment

Steam generating equipment includes:

• Boiler• Superheater• Economiser• Air Pre-heater

BoilerA boiler is closed vessel in which water is converted into steam by utilising the heat of coal combustion. Steam boilers are broadly classified into following two types:(a) Water tube boilers (b) Fire tube boilers

In a water tube boiler, water flows through the tubes and the hot gases of combustion flow over these tubes. Water-tube boilers are used for high-pressure boilers

Figure-water tube boiler

A FIRE TUBE BOILER, is just opposite of water tube boiler in structure. The hot products of combustion gases pass through the tubes surrounded by water.

Figure- fire tube boiler

SUPER HEATER A device which removes last traces of moisture. It helps in reduction in requirement of steam

quantity. steam being dry reduces the mechanical resistance

of turbine. No corrosion at the turbine blades.

ECONOMISER AND AIR PRE-HEATER

They are such devices which recover the heat from the flue gases on their way to chimney and raise the temperature of feed water.

Air Pre-heaters recover the heat from the flue gases leaving the economiser and heat the incoming air required for combustion

CONDENSER Which condenses the steam at the exhaust of

turbine. It creates a very low pressure at the exhaust of

turbine, this helps in converting heat energy of steam into mechanical energy in the prime mover.

The condensed steam can be used as feed water to the boiler.

PRIME MOVER (I.E. TURBINE)A steam turbine is a mechanical device that extracts thermal energy from pressurized steam, and converts it into mechanical energy.About 86% of all electric generation in the world is by use of steam turbines.It has almost completely replaced the reciprocating piston steam engine.

ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENTSTurbo generator An turbo generator is coupled to a steam turbine and converts mechanical energy of the turbine into electrical energy.It may be hydrogen or air cooled. Rating of turbo generator is normally 200MW & 500MW. Transformers(a) main step-transformers, which steps-up generated voltage transmission of power(b) station transformers, general purpose(c) auxiliary transformers, which supply to individual unit-auxiliaries. Switchgearwhich locates fault on the system and isolate faulty part from healthy section.It contains circuit breakers, relays, switches and other control devices.

COAL HANDLING PLANT DETAILS

Source of coal = Jayant Mines (Madhya pradesh)

Location of source = Near Singrauli (Madhya pradesh)

Distance of source from plant = 5kms

Type of coal = D grade Coal requirement = 25,000 MT/Day

CHP follows three coal paths:1.Path A-from track hopper to bunkers2.Path B-from track hopper to stockyard.3.Path C-from stockyard to bunker.

Path A-

Path B-

Path C-

Generally thermal power stations use coal mills or called coal firing system.

Coal is reduced to fineness (-20mm). This fine powdered coal is called pulverized coal and is

carried forward to the burner by air through pipes.

MILLS

ASH HANDLING TECHNIQUE A natural result from the burning of fossil fuels, particularly coal, is

the emission of flyash. Ash is mineral matter present in the fuel. For a pulverized coal unit, 60-80% of ash leaves with the flue gas.

Electrostatic precipitator has series of collecting & emitting electrodes in a chamber.

At the inlet of the chamber there are distributer screen. Hooper and flushing system form a base of chamber. Efficiency of ESP is approx. 99.8%

SWITCHYARDSwitchyard is considered as the HEART of power

plant.It is a junction , which carries the generated power

to its destination.It is basically an open area where many different

kind of outdoor equipments are located. eg: busbars , transformers , circuit breakers etc.

Switch yards can be of 400KV, 132KV.

Figure-switchyard

THANKS