Table of Contentsheim.ifi.uio.no/griff/SIGMM-records-1202.pdfdash.itec.aau.at. WebVC and ARAF goes...

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Volume 4, Number 2June 2012

Published by the Association for Computing MachinerySpecial Interest Group on Multimedia

ISSN 1947-4598http://sigmm.org/records

Table of Contents

1 Volume 4, Number 2

1 Editorial

1 Video Browser Showdown

2 MPEG Column: 100th MPEG Meeting

2 MPEG news: a report from the 100th meeting, Geneva, CH

3 Open Source Column: Mozilla Popcorn

4 Mozilla Popcorn: Web Video Interaction Using Client-Side Javascript

6 TOMCCAP Special Issue on 20th Anniversary of ACM SIG Multimedia

6 ACM Transactions on Multimedia Computing, Communications and Applications

(TOMCCAP)

7 SIGMM Education Column

7 Co-locating multimedia system events: MMSys and NOSSDAV

8 Report from NOSSDAV 2012

8 Setting for NOSSDAV 2012

8 Participants at NOSSDAV 2012

9 The Panel Discussion at NOSSDAV 2012

9 PhD thesis abstracts

9 Apostolos Papageorgiou

10 Kristian Evensen

11 Event and publication reports

12 Calls for contributions

12 Calls for SIGMM Sponsored and Co-sponsored Events

13 Calls for Events held in cooperation with SIGMM

14 Other multimedia-related Events

14 Back matter

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ACM SIGMM RecordsVol. 4, No. 1, March 2012 1


Volume 4, Number 2

SIGMM RecordsVolume 4, Number 2, June 2012

Editorial

Dear Member of the SIGMM Community,

We provide you with reports from several recentevents of importance for the multimedia community.In Geneva, the 100th MPEG meeting was celebrated,which included a reception of three prestigious grantsto MPEG. The Video Browser Showndown was heldat the Multimedia Modeling conference, and we reportfrom there. And NOSSDAV 2012 was recently held inToronto, and we present a short report from participants.

The next NOSSDAV is going to be organized inconjunction with SIGMM's MMSys conference. Thesteering committee leaders of both events explain themotivation for this merger of two important multimediasystems events.

In our open source column, we receive an introductionto Mozilla's Popcorn, a means for enabling web videointeraction on the client side using Javascript. Thedevelopers themselves tell us about their work.

You can read PhD thesis summaries provided by atwo candidates who have recently passed their doctoralexams. Their theses address adaptation for web serviceconsumption and the use of multiple access networks.

The ACM Multimedia Conference celebrates its 20thanniversary this year. TOMCCAP celebrates this with aspecial issue that calls for paper contributions that take ahistorical perspective on multimedia topics through this20 years.

Last but most certainly not least, you find pointers tothe latest issues of TOMCCAP and MMSJ, and severalannouncements from ACM and SIGMM.

We hope that you enjoy this issue of the Records.

Welcome to the second issue of the SIGMM Records in2012.

The EditorsStephan KopfViktor WendelLei ZhangPradeep AtreyChristian Timmerer

Pablo CesarCarsten Griwodz

Video BrowserShowdown

Authors: Klaus Schöffmann and Werner BailerURL: http://mmm2013.org/Video_browser_showdown.htmby Klaus Schöffmann

Klaus Schöffmann, Klagenfurt Universität, AustriaWerner Bailer, Joanneum Research, Austria

The Video Browser Showdown (VBS) is a live videobrowsing competition where international researchers,working in the field of interactive video search, evaluateand demonstrate the efficiency of their tools in presenceof the audience. The aim of the VBS is to evaluate videobrowsing tools for efficiency at known-item search (KIS)tasks with a well-defined data set in direct comparisonto other tools. For each task the moderator presentsa target clip on a shared screen that is visible to allparticipants. The participants use their own systems toperform an interactive search in the specified video filetaken from a common data set and try to find the desiredsegment as fast as possible. Found segments aresubmitted to a server that is responsible for three tasks:(1) checking whether the submitted segment is correct,(2) measuring the task solve time and (3) computingscores for all teams and tasks. The performance ofparticipating tools is evaluated in terms of successfulsubmissions and search time.

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MPEG Column: 100th MPEG Meeting

ISSN 1947-4598http://sigmm.org/records 2

ACM SIGMM RecordsVol. 4, No. 1, March 2012

The first VBS was held at the 18th InternationalConference on MultiMedia Modeling (MMM 2012) inKlagenfurt, Austria, where eight international teamsparticipated. The competition consisted of 14 tasks.The first eight tasks were performed by experts (thedevelopers of the tools) and the last six tasks wereperformed by eight volunteers randomly selected fromthe audience and assigned to one of the tools. For eachtask the corresponding video containing a randomlyselected target clip was mentioned first, in order to allowthe participants to set up their systems for that video.After that, the 20 seconds long target clip was projectedon a wall and the tone was played on loudspeakers.After this short presentation, the participants were givena maximum of two minutes to interactively find the targetclip. The collection from which videos for the taskswere randomly selected consisted of 30 videos with anaverage length of 77 minutes (min: 31, max: 139).

Participants of VBS 2012 used very diverse strategiesand implementations to support interactive search forthe competition. While some participants used rathersimple content analysis (e.g., colors and motion) butenhanced visualization, others used a combination ofvisual, textual and conceptual features for fast shotfiltering, improved interaction means for fast navigation,and some participants used no content analysis atall. Interestingly, in the expert run a tool without anycontent analysis but parallel playback windows andhierarchical navigation/refinement features (the AAUVideo Browser) clearly outperformed all other systems.

The next Video Browser Showdown (VBS 2013) willtake place at the 19th International Conference onMultiMedia Modeling (MMM2013) in Huangshan, China.Interested authors are invited to submit demo papersuntil July 18, 2012.

MPEG Column: 100th

MPEG Meeting

Authors: Christian TimmererURL: http://multimediacommunication.blogspot.co.at/2012/06/mpeg-news-report-from-100th-meeting.htmlby Christian TimmererChristian Timmerer an assistant professor in theDepartment of Information Technology (ITEC),Multimedia Communication Group (MMC), KlagenfurtUniversity, Austria. He has participated in ISO/MPEGwork for several years, notably in the area of MPEG-21,MPEG-M, and MPEG-V.

MPEG news: a report from

the 100th meeting, Geneva,CH

The official press release is available here and I'd liketo highlight two topics from MPEGs' 100th meeting inGeneva, Switzerland:

• "MP100E": MPEG celebrates its 100th meeting

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Open Source Column: Mozilla Popcorn



• Systems news: ISOBMFF 4th edition, MDS socialmetadata, DASH conformance/refsw et al.

• WebVC and ARAF goes CD

• HEVC preliminary subjective test results publiclyavailable

MPEG celebrates its 100th meeting

The 100th MPEG meeting was held in Geneva,Switzerland with a sponsored social event includinghonorific speeches by representatives of ISO, IEC, ITU-T, WIPO, JTC 1, SC 29, Sisvel, Samsung, and MERL.The ISO press release can be found here highlightingthe win of three "Technology and Engineering EmmyAwards presented by the U.S. National Academy ofTelevision Arts & Sciences (NATAS) for outstandingachievement in engineering and technical development.The awards covered:

• The MPEG-4 Advanced Video Coding (AVC)standard. The related ITU-T Video Coding ExpertsGroup also received an Emmy Award for its role in thework on this standard

• MPEG-1 and MPEG-2 - compression codingassociated with video CD and MP3, digital TV set topboxes and DVD."

Some additional pictures can be found here.

Systems news

ISOBMFF 4th edition: The "Text of ISO/IEC 14496-124th edition" has been approved which means the theISO base media file format is available in its fourthedition (i.e., a consolidation of Amd.1, Amd.2, Amd.3,

Cor.1-5). As previous editions, it shall become publiclyavailable via ITTF Web site.

MDS social metadata: The fourth amendment ofMPEG-7 MDS has been approved providing support forsocial metadata such as ratings (like, 5-star) based onmedia, identity, and quality.

DASH conference/reference software: The committeedraft for ISO/IEC 23009-2 has been approved addingconformance and reference software to DASH. Inparticular, MPD and segment conformance rules aredefined and bitstreams are available. Furthermore,libdash has been selected as sample client. Apublic online MPD validator is available at http://dash.itec.aau.at.

WebVC and ARAF goes CD

WebVC: The committee draft of MPEG-4 Part 29 akaWeb Video Coding (WebVC) has been approved whichis compatible with the Constrained Baseline Profile ofISO/IEC 14996-10. In fact, WebVC is derived from theAVC specification with the purpose to define a codingformat suitable for the Web. The CD is publicly availablehere.

ARAF: MPEG addresses the need for standards in thearea of augmented realities by defining an applicationformat. Hence, ARAF stands for Augmented RealityApplication Format and will be defined as Part 13 ofMPEG-A. The committee draft is publicly available hereaddressing use cases and requirements.

HEVC preliminary subjective test

results publicly available

“"The video subgroup recommends making the reporton preliminary subjective testing N12475 publiclyavailable."”

N12475 is the Report on preliminary subjective testingof HEVC compression capability which can be foundhere. It shows impressive results as reported elsewhere,e.g., here. In particular, > 50% bitrate reduction, 67%in class B (HDTV), 49% in class C (WVGA) => missionaccomplished! Currently, HEVC is between ballots andFDIS/IS is expected around Jan-Apr 2013.

Open Source Column:

Mozilla Popcorn

Authors: Bobby Richter and Ben MoskowitzURL: http://mozillapopcorn.org/

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Bobby Richter and Ben Moskowitz lead Popcorn softwaredevelopment at the Mozilla Foundation

Mozilla Popcorn: Web VideoInteraction Using Client-SideJavascript

Context and history

Popcorn is an HTML5 media project from Mozilla,the non-profit organization that makes the Firefox webbrowser. It makes media-oriented web developmenteasy through shared development, open source librariesand tools.ara>

Popcorn.js: a Javascript library for

interactions between video and the

web

Popcorn.js makes web media more connected byproviding an event-driven API to hook <video> and<audio> content into the of the capibilities of the webplatform (developer.mozilla.org).ara>

Prior to HTML5, web video lived exclusively insidebrowser plug-ins like Flash and VLC, which put it outsidethe reach of JavaScript, CSS, and other techniquesfor interacting with the rest of the surrounding HTMLdocument.

Popcorn.js turns media into fully-interactive JavaScriptobjects, so that media objects can both trigger and listenfor events. It enables developers to cue events along amedia timeline using a simple Javascript syntax:

var pop = Popcorn("#my-video");

pop.text({

start: 1.38,

end: 5.12,

text: "Hello World",

target: "my-div" });

pop.play();

Live source available at http://jsfiddle.net/p8Kbs/80/.

Additionally, media playback is accessiblevia popcorn.play(), popcorn.pause(), andpopcorn.currentTime(seconds), which allows you tojump to any point in the timeline of the referenced media.As a nod toward the expectations of media producersand videographers, Popcorn.js also provides methodslike popcorn.cue(), which simply ties actions to specifictimes.

Aside from simple time-based triggers, you canuse popcorn.listen(event,callback_function) to bind thecallback function to a specified event. Built-in eventsare provided to handle typical HTML5 web videoplayback scenarios, such as "play," "pause," "loadstart,""seeked," "volumechange," and so on. However, youcan define custom events and trigger them directlyby using popcorn.trigger(event[,data]), where the dataparameter is an optional data object to send to listeners.

Extensibility

By design, Popcorn is extensible. Mozilla supports about20 plugins that come packaged with the library, rangingfrom simple HTML element insertion, to complex dataretrieval and aggregation. Examples include a subtitleplugin, a GoogleMaps plugin, a Twitter plugin, aFacebook plugin, and a JavaScript code plugin.

If some desired functionality doesn't yet exist inthe library, Popcorn.js has a well-documented pluginarchitecture: http://popcornjs.org/popcorn-docs/addon-development/.

Popcorn works best with HTML5 media, but also haswrappers for arbitary objects (through the "baseplayer")and Flash players, like YouTube, Vimeo, Flowplayer,and Soundcloud. It's easy to write a wrapper for anyweb-oriented video player.

Popcorn also includes a set of parsers for readingcommon data files (SRT, TTML, XML, etc). Of course, aswith other parts of Popcorn, it is easy to create a customdata parser.

Tested thoroughly, Popcorn.js supports all modernbrowsers and IE8. Currently, it's stable at version 1.2.You can download the Popcorn source or use a web-based build tool to wrap a custom, compressed version.

Potential Applications

Popcorn is in use by a range of publishers, serviceproviders, creative coders and individuals to mash videowith the rest of the web.

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RAMP, a content optimization company, uses anautomated process to display time-coded metadataabout significant people, places and things wheneverthey are mentioned in a video. Using Popcorn, RAMPcan support a range of player types and contexts(web, mobile, headless) by developing against thecommon Popcorn API (http://www.ramp.com/solutions/optimized-video/metaplayer/popcorn/).

The Dutch multimedia archive Beeld en Geluid hasused Popcorn to create a "living archive," connectingcultural archival material with a range of semanticmetadata (http://www.openimages.eu/blog/2012/01/13/open-images-videos-enriched-with-open-data/).

Popcorn has also been used to create hyperlinkedtranscripts that use text as an interface for traversing andediting long media assets (http://yoyodyne.cc/h/)

Aside from scale applications, Popcorn is alsosupported by a burgeoning creative community (In fact,the project was started and is run by Brett Gaylor--afilmmaker!). For instance, documentary producer KatCizek uses Popcorn to create web based interactivefilms. In "1 Millionth Tower," the web browser creates anavigable 3D space that simulates high rises in majorcities around the world. Popcorn is used to turn thecamera at key moments, spawn visual effects, and to

download live weather data from web APIs. If it's rainingin Toronto, it's also raining in virtual Toronto (http://highrise.nfb.ca/onemillionthtower/1mt_webgl.php).

Popcorn Maker

A key goal of the Popcorn project is to enablemore connected web video on a mass scale, and toopen creative possibilities to individual media-makers.Popcorn Maker is a user-facing web application used tocreate interactive media. It requires no code knowledge.Users pick a video from YouTube or the wider web,open the media object in a prepared HTML template,customize the project, and publish.

Popcorn Maker can be used to create pop-up videos,multimedia reports, guided web tours and more. Projectcomposition happens live in the browser. Users candrag and drop events onto a timeline interface, positionobjects on the page, and watch a live preview of theproject be constructed. Popcorn Maker projects areentirely human-readable HTML, CSS and Javascript.

For the time being, Popcorn Maker does not supportmedia editing and sequencing. Users must comeprepared with an edited video file. For this reason,Popcorn Maker is not a web-based video editor--rather, it's a video-based web editor. We may revisitthis decision later when web browsers handle mediaplayback and synchronization more precisely.

Like the rest of the Popcorn project, Popcorn Maker is100% free and open source. Developers of time-basedmultimedia apps are encouraged to build on the ButterSDK (source code available at http://github.com/mozilla/butter) and contribute back to the project. At the time ofthis writing, Popcorn Maker is in active development atversion 0.5, and is scheduled for a 1.0 release in late2012. http://mozillapopcorn.org.

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TOMCCAP Special Issue on 20th Anniversary of ACM SIG Multimedia



Credits

The Popcorn project and its constituents are lovinglycrafted by Ben Moskowitz, Bobby Richter, BrettGaylor, David Seifried, Christopher De Cairos, MatthewSchranz, Jon Buckley, Scott Downe, Mohammed Buttu,Kate Hudson, David Humphrey, Jeremy Banks, BrianChirls, James Burke, Robert Stanica, Anna Sobiepanek,Rick Waldron, Nick Cammarata, Daniel Hodgin, DanielBrooks, Boaz Sender, Dan Ventura, Brad Chen,Minoo Ziaei, Cesar Gomes, Steven Weerdenburg, ColeGillespie, and Nick Doiron.

TOMCCAP Special Issueon 20th Anniversary ofACM SIG Multimedia

Authors: Klara NahrstedtURL: http://tomccap.acm.orgby Klara Nahrstedt

Klara Nahrstedt is the Chair of ACM SIG Multimedia

ACM Transactions onMultimedia Computing,Communications andApplications (TOMCCAP)Special Issue on 20th Anniversary of ACM SIGMultimedia

Call for Papers

The premier ACM SIGMM International Conference onMultimedia (known as ACM Multimedia) is celebratingits 20th anniversary. It all started in Anaheim, California,August 1-6, 1993, when the general chair, J.J.Garcia-Luna- Aceves gathered multimedia-interestedresearchers together to discuss and present researchon systems and networks that would process digitalaudio and digital video. From this moment, over thenext 20 years, research in digital multimedia has goneviral and became an integral part of our IT life. At thispoint, it is hard to imagine not having Flickr, YouTube,Facebook, Skype, Sony Playstation, Microsoft MediaPlayer, Netflix, InstaGram, Akamai Content DistributionServices, and other multimedia products as part of ourlives.

The beginnings of all these products can be traced tomany scientific and engineering inventions presented atscientific and industrial events over the last 20 years.

From the beginning, the ACM Multimedia Conferencehas been one of the important scientific venues todisseminate knowledge in this space, and played a verycrucial role in bringing out many solutions that we nowsee in multimedia products.

This special issue requests submission of manuscriptsthat will take a historical view and survey what happenedto various multimedia technologies over the last 20years, or bridges historical and futuristic views on howthe past inventions influence the current and futuremultimedia inventions.

TOPICS may include the following or similar topics:

Historical view of

• multimedia synchronization

• multimedia content analysis and retrieval

• data mining and knowledge discovery for multimedia

• multimedia streaming

• multimedia schedulers

• human-computer interactions for multimedia

Impact of past inventions on current and future

• multimedia coding standards

• interactive technologies

• multimedia interfaces

• multimedia content distribution

• multimedia content understanding and searchcapabilities

Important Dates

Submissiondeadline:

September 15, 2012

Firstdecision:

December 15, 2012

Seconddecision:

April 15, 2013

Camera-ready:

June 15, 2013

Guest Editors

Klara Nahrstedt, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USARainer Lienhart, University of Augsburg, GermanyMalcolm Slaney, Yahoo! Inc. and Stanford University(CCRMA)

Submissions

All submissions guidelines of TOMCCAP, such asformatting, page limits and extensions of previously-

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SIGMM Education Column



submitted conference versions, must be adhered to.Please, see the Authors Guide section of TOMCCAPwebsite for more details: http://tomccap.acm.org

To submit, please, follow these instructions:

1. Submit your paper through TOMCCAP's onlinesystem http://mc.manuscriptcentral.com/tomccap.When submitting, use the Manuscript Type '20 yearsof ACM MM' in the manuscriptcentral system.

2. In your cover letter, include information "SpecialIssue on 20th Anniversary of ACM Multimedia" andif submitting an extended version of a paper, explainhow the new submission is different and extendspreviously published work.

3. After you submit your paper, the system will assign amanuscript number to it. Please, email this number [email protected] together with the title of your paper.

SIGMM Education

Column

Authors: Pradeep AtreyURL: http://www.sigmm.org/Education

Project work is an important component of any graduate-level Multimedia course. SIGMM Education Column ofthis issue highlights the types of projects that are offeredby Prof. Tat-Seng Chua and Prof. Mohan Kankanhalli intheir co-lectured course, CS5342 Multimedia Computingand Applications, at National University of Singapore.

In general, the project can of any one of these two types:

1. Implementation Project:

• In this type of project, students are required tosearch for recent multimedia related papers to pickone (or few) papers which need to be understood,analyzed, implemented (and hopefully improved).

• To obtain the highest grade, students are expectedto develop their own novel idea as an improvement/extension over the existing work.

• The end result of this project is usually a proper,working prototype of the idea in the paper(s).

2. Survey Paper Project:

• Students choose a specific topic to do the surveyin this kind of project.

• The end result is generally a very technical surveypaper like the ones appearing in ACM ComputingSurveys journal.

• For the highest grade, it is considered necessary topropose some novel algorithm/technique or do animplementation of several techniques for a propercomparison.

Other characteristics of the project work are:

• Projects are usually flexible, carried through the term.But each project needs to have some theoretical/algorithmic component and an implementation part.

• Typical projects attempt to improve some state-of-the-art technique or algorithm.

• There are three stages of evaluation -- initial proposalwhich is iteratively refined, interim report, final report+ demo-with-presentation. The final presentation isopen to all.

• Many people use it to investigate some part oftheir thesis research work and others use it as anopportunity to investigate a totally new area.

Co-locating multimediasystem events: MMSys

and NOSSDAV

Authors: Wu-chi Feng and Ketan Mayer-PatelWu-chi Feng is Steering Committee Chair of ACMMultimedia SystemsKetan Mayer-Patel is Steering Committee Chair ofNOSSDAV

The 23rd International Workshop on Network andOperating Systems Support for Digital Audio and Video(NOSSDAV) will be co-located with the ACM MultimediaSystems (MMSys) Conference in Oslo, Norway at theend of February 2013. In a meeting of the organizers ofboth conferences in February, it was decided that co-locating the conferences would help focus the efforts ofmultimedia systems community into one week.

NOSSDAV has a rich history of providing a venuewhere researchers can come together to discuss thelatest topics in a timely manner. MMSys providesresearchers with an opportunity to present researchresults in depth, from algorithmic developments tocomplete multimedia systems. Both events are knownfor their intense discussions and fruitful mix of juniorand senior researchers, and many multimedia systemsresearchers have striven to attend both every year. Co-locating both events in their original formats from nowon makes it much easier for researchers to participate inboth events. They need to travel only once and we canreduce their registration costs. We could have mergedone of the events into the other, but we felt that theirdistinct spirits and environments should be kept. As anadditional benefits, co-locating both events will allow usto balance these events with ACM Multimedia, with amajor multimedia systems event at opposite sides of theyear.

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Report from NOSSDAV 2012



The call for papers for MMSys 2013 and NOSSDAV2013 are now out. The current plan is to have the papersfor MMSys 2013 due in September and papers forNOSSDAV 2013 being due towards the end of the year.We look forward to your participation in these events.

Wu-chi FengACM Multimedia Systems Steering Committee ChairKetan Mayer-PatelNOSSDAV Steering Committee Chair

Report from NOSSDAV2012

Authors: Håkon K. Stensland and Håvard Espeland

Setting for NOSSDAV 2012

NOSSDAV 2012, the 22nd SIGMM Workshop onNetwork and Operating Systems Support for DigitalAudio and Video, was be held in Toronto, Canada,on June 7-8 2012. As in previous years, theworkshop will continue to focus on both establishedand emerging research topics, high-risk high-returnideas and proposals, and future research directionsin multimedia networking and systems, in a single-track format that encourages active participation anddiscussions among academic and industry researchersand practitioners.

A special focus of NOSSDAV 2012 was given tocontributions about the youngest multimedia systemstopics. These were identified as system-level supportfor social media and social networking, improvingperformance with multi-core and many-core processors,as well as multimedia applications on mobile devicesand/or in a cloud computing environment.

Wu-chi Feng during the panel

A strong new intereste area that was apparent duringthe workshop was multiview and panoramic video, as

well as considerations on regions-of-interest in largervideos. Another push comes from the interaction ofvideo processing and streaming with cloud services.

The first day of the NOSSDAV workshop was ThursdayJune the 7th. The workshop was held in the Hart Houseat University of Toronto.

Participants at NOSSDAV2012

Keynote speaker Ali C. Begen

The day started with a keynote by Dr. Ali C. Begen fromCisco Systems, titled "TV Everywhere". The talk wasvery interesting, and gave a good overview of the TVEverywhere technologies available for integrating theemerging over-the-top content into a managed networkand making premium content accessible for unmanageddevices. In the talk Dr. Begen also provided severalreal-world use cases of TV Everywhere. It was alsosessions on streaming, cloud and middleware supportand the first day ended with a session on multi-view andpanoramic video.

The second and last day (Friday 8th) the NOSSDAVworkshop stared with another keynote, which washeld by Professor Wu-chi Feng from Portland StateUniversity. The talk was titled "Streaming MediaEvolution: Where to now?". The keynote addressedProfessor Feng's perspective on the history andevolution of streaming media and lessons learnt. Afterthe keynote it was sessions on streaming, contentsharing and video compression. It was also a paneldiscussion on NOSSDAV.

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PhD thesis abstracts



The Panel Discussion atNOSSDAV 2012

The panelists (left to right): Wu-chi Feng, Pål Halvorsen,Tim Brecht and Yan Huang

In the panel was Pål Halvorsen from University of Oslo,Wu-chi Feng from Portland State University, Yan Huangfrom Tencent Inc. and Tim Brecht from University ofWaterloo. The topic of the panel was the future of mediastreaming, and it was a very interesting discussion.One of the panelists even boldly claimed that mediastreaming research is dead... The workshop ended onFriday with a presentation of next year's NOSSDAVworkshop which will be held Oslo together with MMSysand MoVid.


Apostolos PapageorgiouService-Oriented Computing with Wireless Participants- Adaptation Mechanisms and Decision Support forLightweight Web Service Consumption

At the crossroads of two hot trends of moderncomputer science, namely service-orientation andmobile computing, great potentials arise togetherwith tough challenges. The list of advantages ofcombining these technologies is long and compelling:Outsourcing of data- and processing-intensive softwaretasks from mobile devices to more capable systems,quick mobile application development through the useof existing software services that are otherwise difficultto implement on mobile devices from scratch, andthe list goes on. However, service-oriented messagingand description technologies are characterized bya verbose, self-descriptive nature, in order toachieve interoperability and platform-independence.This renders them often heavyweight and thus notalways a good match for the resource-constrainednature of mobile, wireless devices.

In the face of the fact that very different devices willcoexist in future service-oriented systems, researchersare diligently trying to tackle the aforementionedchallenges by developing adaptation mechanisms.These are meant to allow the systems to dynamicallyand seamlessly switch to configurations that suit eachparticular participant. When it comes to one of the mostimportant service-oriented technologies, namely Webservices, adaptation for resource-constrained devicesusually translates to an attempt to use lightweightways of communication that are dictated by the systemcontext.

The striving for enhancements in the field of Webservice adaptation mechanisms for wireless participants

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starts with three simple questions: Which specificadaptation mechanisms can be used and what aretheir characteristics? Can the development of newadaptation mechanisms contribute to the currentlyexisting possibilities? Which adaptation mechanismsshould be used under which wireless system contexts?The systematic and scientific examination of thesequestions leads to the three corresponding maincontributions of this thesis.

First, the conducted survey and comparison of Webservice adaptation mechanisms is the first workexamining the conditions of the wireless system contextunder which the adaptation mechanisms achievesignificant benefits. Thus, the survey results canbe used as a basis for examining the two furtherissues. Second, a new, caching-based Web serviceadaptation mechanism is presented. The developedmechanism is the first to enable the use of cachedresponses of external, i.e., third-party, Web serviceswith guaranteed 100% freshness in an automatedand generic manner. The freshness of cached objectsrefers to their probability of being up-to-date. Theevaluation proves that the approach can lead toperformance enhancements of mobile Web serviceinvocations compared to other approaches that achieveabsolute freshness. Third, provided that no singleadaptation mechanism is the best-performing under allpossible system contexts, the thesis offers insights withregard to the issue of corresponding decision support.Decision support algorithms that are based on theobtained survey results are developed and evaluatedwith focus on an important, yet uninvestigated aspect,namely the existence of missing system context data.The respective work reveals which data imputationapproaches are best suited to the examined scenario.

By discussing the above issues within a well-definedfuture scenario of mediated Web service usage,the thesis provides further contributions, such asarchitectural solutions, engineering approaches, andproblem formulations. All in all, its findings should beinteresting for any work in the research area of mobileservices.

Advisor(s): Ralf Steinmetz (supervisor), Claudia Linnhoff-Popien (rapporteur)http://tuprints.ulb.tu-darmstadt.de/3012/

Kristian EvensenAggregating the Bandwidth of Multiple NetworkInterfaces to Increase the Performance of NetworkedApplications

One the few constants in the world of computernetworking, is that users always want more bandwidth.The usage of bandwidth-intensive services, like videostreaming, video conferencing and games, haveexploded over the last couple of years. At the same time,devices capable of connecting to two or more differentnetworks simultaneously, known as host multihoming,have become the norm. For example, most laptops areequipped with a least a Local Area Network (LAN) andWireless LAN (WLAN) interface, and smartphones canconnect to both WLANs and HSDPA-networks. Beingconnected to multiple networks simultaneously allowsfor desirable features like bandwidth aggregation andredundancy.

Enabling and making efficient use of multiplelinks requires solving several challenges related todeployment, link heterogeneity and dynamic linkbehavior. Even though multihoming has existed for along time, for example routers require being able toconnect to different networks, most existing operatingsystems, network protocols and applications do nottake host multihoming into consideration. The defaultbehavior is still to use a single link for all traffic. Using asingle link is, for example, often insufficient to meet therequirements of popular, bandwidth intensive serviceslike video streaming.

In this thesis, we have focused on bandwidthaggregation on host multihomed devices. Bandwidthaggregation is to merge physical links into one logicallink that offers a higher bandwidth. Even thoughbandwidth aggregation has been a research field forseveral years, the related work has failed to consider thechallenges present in real world networks properly, or

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Event and publication reports



does not apply to scenarios where a device is connectedto different networks.

In order to solve the deployment challenges and enablethe use of multiple interfaces in a way that works ina real-world network environment, we have created aplatform-independent framework, MULTI. MULTI worksin the presence of NAT, automatically detects andconfigures the device based on changes in link state,and notifies the application(s) of any changes.

MULTI was used as the foundation for designingtransparent and application-specific bandwidthaggregation techniques. A transparent bandwidthaggregation technique is a technique that requiresno modifications to the application, nor the operatingsystem at either the sender or receiver. An application-specific technique, on the other hand, is an extension toan existing application or application type.

The application-specific bandwidth aggregationtechnique presented in this thesis, improve theperformance of quality adaptive video streaming.The technique was evaluated with different types ofstreaming in both a controlled network environmentand real-world networks. Adding a second link gave asignificant increase in both video and playback quality.The technique is not limited to video streaming or thesystem/protocols we have worked with. As long as twocommon requirements are met, the technique can beapplied.

In many cases, it is not possible to extended theapplication directly with multilink support. Working onthe network-layer allows for the creation of transparentbandwidth aggregation solutions. A transparent,network-layer bandwidth aggregation solution mustcater to the behavior of the different transport protocolin order to achieve efficient bandwidth aggregation.The transparent bandwidth aggregation techniquesintroduced in this thesis are targeted at UniversalDatagram Protocol (UDP) and Transmission ControlProtocol (TCP), the two most popular transport protocolsin the internet today.

Advisor(s): Paal Engelstad (supervisor), Audun F.Hansen (co-supervisor), Carsten Griwodz (co-supervisor),Pål Halvorsen (co-supervisor), Kang Li (opponent), DavidRos (opponent), Roman Vitenberg (opponent)ISBN number: 1501-7710http://www.duo.uio.no/publ/informatikk/2011/150015/1148_Evensen_materie.pdf

Media Performance Group

http://simula.no/department/media

The interaction with digital media pervadesmost people everyday lives, both at home

and at work. A person may easily understandthat he interacts with digital media, or becompletely oblivious to it. Application ideasappear limitless, yet so appear inhibitors ofnew uses. Inhibitors range from unchangeablelaws of physics through scalability problemsfaced in processing digital media to a lackof understanding for people's requirements toappreciate a particular application.

The Media department investigates the meansof overcoming or evading inhibitors for the useof time-dependent digital media in distributedsystems. The department finds solutions byexploring, understanding and improving on aparticular inhibitor in an application context.Improvements are found in better operatingsystems mechanisms, programming tools,protocols, distributed architectures, digitalmedia formats or a better understanding ofpeople's perception of media in a context.The department takes a multimedia systemsapproach, whereby successful research leadsto quantifiable improvements and success isproven experimentally. The essential resultsof the research are algorithms, methods,tools or prototypes that provide solutions forovercoming a particular set of challengesin using time-dependent digital media indistributed systems that are practical andrealistic today or in the near future.

Event and publication

reports

MMSJ, Volume 18, Issue 3, June

2012

Editor-in-Chief: Thomas PlagemannURL: http://www.springer.de/Published: June 2012

Papers

• Huiying Liu, Qingming Huang, Changsheng Xu andShuqiang Jiang:@ICT: attention-based virtual content insertion

• Petri Selonen, Petros Belimpasakis, Yu You, TimoPylvänäinen and Severi Uusitalo:Mixed reality web service platform

• Elena Vildjiounaite, Vesa Kyllönen, Satu-MarjaMäkelä, Olli Vuorinen and Tommi Keränen, JohannesPeltola and Georgy Gimel'farb:

.

Calls for contributions



Semi-supervised context adaptation: case study of

audience excitement recognition

• Hussein Muzahim Aziz, Markus Fiedler, Håkan Grahnand Lars Lundberg:Eliminating the effect of freezing frames on user

perceptive by using a time interleaving technique

• M. M. Naik, M. Sigdel and R. S. Aygun:Spatio-temporal querying recurrent multimedia

databases using a semantic sequence state graph

MMSJ, Volume 18, Issue 4, July

2012

Editor-in-Chief: Thomas PlagemannURL: http://www.springer.de/Published: July 2012

Papers

• Andreas Wichert and André Filipe da Silva Veríssimo:CBIR with a subspace tree: principal component

analysis versus averaging

• Chuljin Jang and Hwan-Gue Cho:A clustering method for concurrent photos obtained

from multiple cameras using max-flow network model

• Shehzad Khalid:Incremental indexing and retrieval mechanism for

scalable and robust shape matching

• Chidansh A. Bhatt, Pradeep K. Atrey and Mohan S.Kankanhalli:Concept-based near-duplicate video clip detection for

novelty re-ranking of web video search results

TOMCCAP, Volume 8, Issue 2, May

2012

Editor-in-Chief: Ralf SteinmetzURL: http://tomccap.acm.org/Sponsored by ACM SIG MultimediaPublished: May 2012

Papers

• Fadi Dornaika, James H. Elder:Image registration for foveated panoramic sensing

• Xin Zhang, Tomás Ward, Séamus Mcloone:Comparison of predictive contract mechanisms from

an information theory perspective

• Dan R. Olsen, Derek Bunn, Trent Boulter, RobertWalz:Interactive television news

• Grenville Armitage, Amiel Heyde:REED: Optimizing first person shooter game server

discovery using network coordinates

• Xiaobai Liu, Shuicheng Yan, Tat-Seng Chua, Hai Jin:Image label completion by pursuing contextual

decomposability

• Yi Chen, Abhidnya A. Deshpande, Ramazan S.Aygüun:Sprite generation using sprite fusion

• Ming-Fang Weng, Yung-Yu Chuang:Collaborative video reindexing via matrix factorization


Calls for SIGMM Sponsoredand Co-sponsored Events

International Workshop on

Interactive Multimedia on Mobile

and Portable Devices

Full paper Deadline: July 7, 2012Event location: Nara, JapanEvent date: Nov 2, 2012URL: http://lshao.staff.shef.ac.uk/IMMPD2012.htm

This workshop will bring together researchers from bothacademia and industry in domains including computervision, audio and speech processing, machine learning,pattern recognition, communications, human-computerinteraction, and media technology to share and discussrecent advances in interactive multimedia.

2nd International ACM Workshop

on Music Information Retrieval

with User-Centered and Multimodal

Strategies

Full paper Deadline: June 29, 2012Event location: Nara, JapanEvent date: Nov 2, 2012URL: http://mirum12.tudelft.nl/

The MIRUM workshop, held on November 2, 2012in conjunction with ACM Multimedia 2012 in Nara,Japan, provides a platform at a premier multimediavenue for discussing open challenges and presentingstate-of-the art work on music information retrievaladopting user-centered and multimodal strategies. Theworkshop explicitly aims to initiate a cross-disciplinaryidea exchange between experts in the fields of musicand multimedia information retrieval (and other relatedfields).

.




ACM Multimedia Systems (MMSys)

Full paper Deadline: September 17, 2012Event location: Oslo, NorwayEvent date: February 27-March 1, 2012URL: http://www.mmsys.org/

The ACM Multimedia Systems conference providesa forum for researchers, engineers, and scientists topresent and share their latest research findings inmultimedia systems. While research about specificaspects of multimedia systems is regularly publishedin the various proceedings and transactions of thenetworking, operating system, real-time system, anddatabase communities, MMSys aims to cut across thesedomains in the context of multimedia data types.

ACM MMSys Dataset Sessions

Full paper Deadline: November 15, 2012Event location: Oslo, NorwayEvent date: February 27-March 1, 2012URL: http://www.mmsys.org/

As an integral part of the ACM Multimedia SystemsConference since 2012, the Dataset track provides anopportunity for researchers and practitioners to maketheir work available (and citable) to the multimediacommunity. MMSys encourages and recognizes datasetsharing, and seeks contributions in all areas ofmultimedia (not limited to MM systems). Authorspublishing datasets will benefit by increasing the publicawareness of their effort in collecting the datasets.

ACM Networks and Operating

Systems Support for Digital Audio

and Video (NOSSDAV)

Full paper Deadline: November 15, 2012Event location: Oslo, NorwayEvent date: February 27-March 1, 2012URL: http://nossdav2013.ndlab.net

The 23nd ACM NOSSDAV will continue to focuson both established and emerging research topics,high-risk high-return ideas and proposals, and futureresearch directions in multimedia networking andsystems, in a single-track format that encourages activeparticipation and discussions among academic andindustry researchers and practitioners. It will be co-located with MMSys for the first time.

ACM International Conference on

Multimedia Retrieval (ICMR)

Full paper Deadline: October 15, 2012

Event location: Dallas, TX, USAEvent date: April 16 - 19, 2013URL: http://www.icmr2013.org/

ICMR 2013 is seeking original high quality submissionsaddressing innovative research in the broad field ofmultimedia retrieval. We wish to highlight significantcontributions addressing the main problem of searchand retrieval but also the related and equally importantissues of multimedia content management, userinteraction, and community-based management.

Calls for Events held incooperation with SIGMM

International Workshop on Network

and Systems Support for Games

(NetGames)

Full paper Deadline: September 2, 2012Event location: Venice, ItalyEvent date: November 22-23, 2012URL: http://netgames2012.lip6.fr/

NetGames brings together researchers andpractitioners from both academia and industry to presentthe latest research results and challenges of today'snetworked games, and to understand their requirementsand possibilities in order to enable the next generationof networked games.

International Conference on

Advances in Mobile Computing &

Multimedia (MoMM)

Full paper Deadline: August 1, 2012Event location: Bali, IndonesiaEvent date: December 3-5, 2012URL: http://www.iiwas.org/conferences/momm2012/

MoMM is a leading international conference forresearchers and industry practitioners to share theirnew ideas, original research results and practicaldevelopment experiences from all mobile computingand multimedia related areas.

International Conference on Mobile

and Ubiquitous Multimedia (MUM)

Full paper Deadline: August 31, 2012Event location: Ulm, GermanyEvent date: December 3-6, 2012URL: http://www.mum2012.org

.

Back matter



MUM 2012 is a leading annual international conference,which provides a forum for presenting the latestresearch results on mobile and ubiquitous multimedia.The conference brings together experts from bothacademia and industry for a fruitful exchange of ideasand discussion on future challenges, in a comfortableand effective single track conference format.

Asia Information Retrieval

Societies Conference

Full paper Deadline: April 10, 2012Event location: Tianjin, ChinaEvent date: December 17-19, 2012URL: http://airs2012.sinaapp.com/

AIRS aims to bring together researchers and developersto exchange new ideas and latest achievements inthe field of information retrieval. The scope of theconference covers applications, systems, technologiesand theory aspects of information retrieval in text, audio,image, video, and multimedia data.

Other multimedia-relatedEvents

The 19th International Conference

on MultiMedia Modeling (MMM)

Full paper Deadline: July 27, 2012Event location: Huangshan, ChinaEvent date: January 7-9, 2013URL: http://mmm2013.org/

The International MultiMedia Modeling Conference(MMM) is a leading international conference forresearchers and industry practitioners to share theirnew ideas, original research results and practicaldevelopment experiences from all MMM related areas.The conference calls for research papers reportingoriginal investigation results and demonstrations inareas related to multimedia modeling technologies andapplications.

IEEE International Symposium on

Multimedia

Full paper Deadline: July 22, 2012Event location: Irvine, CA, USAEvent date: December 10-12, 2012URL: http://ism.eecs.uci.edu/

ISM is an international forum for researchers toexchange information regarding advances in the state

of the art and practice of multimedia computing, as wellas to identify the emerging research topics and definethe future of multimedia computing.

Back matter

Notice to ContributingAuthors to SIG Newsletters

By submitting your article for distribution in this SpecialInterest Group publication, you hereby grant to ACM thefollowing non-exclusive, perpetual, worldwide rights:

• to publish in print on condition of acceptance by theeditor

• to digitize and post your article in the electronicversion of this publication

• to include the article in the ACM Digital Library and inany Digital Library related services

• to allow users to copy and distribute the article fornoncommercial, educational or research purposes

However, as a contributing author, you retain copyrightto your article and ACM will refer requests forrepublication directly to you.

Impressum

Editor-in-Chief

Carsten Griwodz, Simula ResearchLaboratory

Editors Stephan Kopf, University of Mannheim

Viktor Wendel, Darmstadt University ofTechnology

Lei Zhang, Microsoft Research Asia

Pradeep Atrey, University of Winnipeg

Christian Timmerer, KlagenfurtUniversity

Pablo Cesar, CWI

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