Table of contents€¦ · The Nanotechnology and Nanomaterials Global Opportunity Report © Future...

The Nanotechnology and Nanomaterials Global Opportunity Report

© Future Markets, Inc. All rights reserved.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY................................................................................ 80

2 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY...................................................................... 84

2.1 NANOMATERIALS MARKET RATING SYSTEM........................................... 85

2.2 COMMERCIAL IMPACT RATING SYSTEM................................................ 87

2.3 MARKET CHALLENGES RATING SYSTEM................................................. 88

3 INTRODUCTION............................................................................................ 91

3.1 Properties of nanomaterials................................................................. 91

3.2 Categorization...................................................................................... 93

4 NANOMATERIALS REGULATIONS............................................................. 95

4.1 Europe.................................................................................................... 96

4.1.1 REACH................................................................................................. 96

4.1.2 Biocidal Products Regulation........................................................... 96

4.1.3 National nanomaterials registers...................................................... 97

4.1.4 Cosmetics regulation......................................................................... 98

4.1.5 Food safety...................................................................................... 100

4.2 United States....................................................................................... 101



4.2.1 Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA)............................................. 101

4.3 Asia....................................................................................................... 103

4.3.1 Japan............................................................................................... 103

4.3.2 South Korea...................................................................................... 103

4.3.3 Taiwan.............................................................................................. 104

4.3.4 Australia............................................................................................ 104

5 GLOBAL FUNDING AND POLICY............................................................ 106

5.1 United States....................................................................................... 106

5.1.1 National Nanotechnology Initiative (NNI)..................................... 106

5.2 Japan.................................................................................................. 107

5.2.1 Science and technology basic plans........................................... 108

5.2.1.1 Strategic Innovation Promotion Program............................... 109

5.2.1.2 Science and Technology Basic Plan...................................... 110

5.2.1.3 5th Science and Technology Basic Plan (FY2016-2020)....... 111

5.2.2 Government bodies........................................................................ 111

5.2.2.1 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) 111

5.2.2.2 Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI).................... 112

5.2.3 Research centres and platforms.................................................... 112



5.2.3.1 Tsukuba Innovation Arena for Nanotechnology (TIA - NANO) 112

5.2.3.2 National Institute of Materials Science (NIMS)....................... 113

5.2.3.3 National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) 113

5.3 China................................................................................................... 114

5.3.1 Graphene funding and development......................................... 114

5.3.2 Future graphene strategy............................................................... 116

5.3.3 13th Five-Year Plan.......................................................................... 119

5.4 South Korea......................................................................................... 119

5.4.1 Nanotechnology funding in South Korea..................................... 119

5.4.2 Graphene funding.......................................................................... 120

5.5 Taiwan................................................................................................. 121

5.5.1 National Nanotechnology Program Phase 1................................ 122

5.5.2 Phase 2............................................................................................. 123

5.6 Germany.............................................................................................. 124

5.6.1 Nanotechnology 2015 Action Plan............................................... 125

5.6.2 Networks........................................................................................... 125

5.7 European Union.................................................................................. 126

5.7.1 Horizon 2020..................................................................................... 126

5.7.2 Graphene Flagship......................................................................... 127



6 PATENTING................................................................................................. 128

7 THE GLOBAL MARKET FOR NANOMATERIALS..................................... 131

7.1 ALUMINIUM OXIDE NANOPARTICLES................................................... 131

7.1.1 Market prospects............................................................................. 131

7.1.2 Market snapshot.............................................................................. 132

7.1.3 Properties.......................................................................................... 133

7.1.4 Applications..................................................................................... 134

7.1.5 Demand by market......................................................................... 136

7.1.6 Technology readiness level (TRL).................................................... 138

7.1.7 Production volumes in tons, 2010-2025......................................... 139

7.1.8 Production volumes, by region...................................................... 141

7.1.9 Prices................................................................................................. 142

7.1.10 Producers...................................................................................... 142

7.2 ANTIMONY TIN OXIDE NANOPARTICLES.............................................. 149


7.2.2 Market snapshot.............................................................................. 149



7.2.3 Properties.......................................................................................... 150

7.2.4 Applications..................................................................................... 151

7.2.5 Demand by market......................................................................... 153


7.2.7 Production volume in tons, 2010-2025........................................... 154


7.2.9 Prices................................................................................................. 158

7.2.10 Producers...................................................................................... 158

7.3 BISMUTH OXIDE NANOPARTICLES........................................................ 163


7.3.2 Market snapshot.............................................................................. 163

7.3.3 Properties.......................................................................................... 164

7.3.4 Applications..................................................................................... 165

7.3.5 Demand by market......................................................................... 167




7.3.9 Prices................................................................................................. 172



7.3.10 Producers...................................................................................... 172

7.4 CARBON NANOTUBES.......................................................................... 175


7.4.2 Market snapshot.............................................................................. 175

7.4.3 Properties.......................................................................................... 177

7.4.4 Applications..................................................................................... 179

7.4.5 Demand by market......................................................................... 183




7.4.9 Prices................................................................................................. 191

7.4.10 Producers...................................................................................... 193

7.5 CERIUM OXIDE NANOPARTICLES......................................................... 206


7.5.2 Market snapshot.............................................................................. 206

7.5.3 Properties.......................................................................................... 208

7.5.4 Applications..................................................................................... 208

7.5.5 Demand by market......................................................................... 211






7.5.9 Prices................................................................................................. 216

7.5.10 Producers...................................................................................... 216

7.6 COBALT OXIDE NANOPARTICLES......................................................... 220


7.6.2 Market snapshot.............................................................................. 220

7.6.3 Properties.......................................................................................... 221

7.6.4 Applications..................................................................................... 222

7.6.5 Demand by market......................................................................... 224




7.6.9 Prices................................................................................................. 229

7.6.10 Producers...................................................................................... 229

7.7 COPPER OXIDE NANOPARTICLES........................................................ 231


7.7.2 Market summary.............................................................................. 231



7.7.3 Properties.......................................................................................... 232

7.7.4 Applications..................................................................................... 234

7.7.5 Demand by market......................................................................... 236




7.7.9 Prices................................................................................................. 240

7.7.10 Producers...................................................................................... 241

7.8 DENDRIMERS......................................................................................... 244


7.8.2 Market summary.............................................................................. 244

7.8.3 Properties.......................................................................................... 246

7.8.3.1 Types.......................................................................................... 246

7.8.4 Applications..................................................................................... 249

7.8.5 Demand by market......................................................................... 251




7.8.9 Prices................................................................................................. 255



7.8.10 Producers...................................................................................... 256

7.9 FULLERENES........................................................................................... 259


7.9.2 Market summary.............................................................................. 259

7.9.3 Properties.......................................................................................... 260

7.9.4 Applications..................................................................................... 261

7.9.5 Demand by market......................................................................... 263




7.9.9 Prices................................................................................................. 267

7.9.10 Producers...................................................................................... 268

7.10 GOLD NANOPARTICLES........................................................................ 272

7.10.1 Market prospects......................................................................... 272

7.10.2 Market summary.......................................................................... 272

7.10.3 Properties...................................................................................... 274

7.10.4 Applications................................................................................. 275

7.10.5 Demand by market..................................................................... 276



7.10.6 Technology readiness level (TRL)................................................ 277

7.10.7 Production volumes in tons, 2010-2025...................................... 278

7.10.8 Production volumes, by region................................................... 280

7.10.9 Prices............................................................................................. 281

7.10.10 Producers...................................................................................... 282

7.11 GRAPHENE........................................................................................... 287


7.11.2 Market summary.......................................................................... 287

7.11.3 Properties...................................................................................... 288

7.11.4 Applications................................................................................. 291

7.11.5 Demand by market..................................................................... 298




7.11.9 Prices............................................................................................. 305

7.11.10 Producers...................................................................................... 306

7.12 IRON OXIDE NANOPARTICLES.............................................................. 319




7.12.2 Market summary.......................................................................... 319

7.12.3 Properties...................................................................................... 320

7.12.4 Applications................................................................................. 321

7.12.5 Demand by market..................................................................... 324




7.12.9 Prices............................................................................................. 329

7.12.10 Producers...................................................................................... 330

7.13 MAGNESIUM OXIDE NANOPARTICLES................................................. 335


7.13.2 Market summary.......................................................................... 335

7.13.3 Properties...................................................................................... 336

7.13.4 Applications................................................................................. 337

7.13.5 Demand by market..................................................................... 338




7.13.9 Prices............................................................................................. 342



7.13.10 Producers...................................................................................... 343

7.14 MANGANESE OXIDE NANOPARTICLES................................................ 346


7.14.2 Market summary.......................................................................... 346

7.14.3 Properties...................................................................................... 347

7.14.4 Applications................................................................................. 348

7.14.5 Demand by market..................................................................... 349




7.14.9 Prices............................................................................................. 353

7.14.10 Producers...................................................................................... 354

7.15 NANOCELLULOSE................................................................................. 356


7.15.2 Market summary.......................................................................... 356

7.15.3 Properties...................................................................................... 358

7.15.4 Applications................................................................................. 363

7.15.5 Demand by market..................................................................... 368






7.15.9 Prices............................................................................................. 373

7.15.10 Producers...................................................................................... 374

7.15.10.1 Cellulose nanofibers.............................................................. 374

7.15.10.2 Cellulose nanocrystals.......................................................... 375

7.16 NANOCLAYS......................................................................................... 382


7.16.2 Market summary.......................................................................... 382

7.16.3 Properties...................................................................................... 383

7.16.4 Applications................................................................................. 387

7.16.5 Demand by market..................................................................... 388




7.16.9 Prices............................................................................................. 393

7.16.10 Producers...................................................................................... 394



7.17 NANODIAMONDS................................................................................. 400


7.17.2 Market summary.......................................................................... 400

7.17.3 Properties...................................................................................... 401

7.17.4 Applications................................................................................. 402

7.17.5 Demand by market..................................................................... 403




7.17.9 Prices............................................................................................. 408

7.17.10 Producers...................................................................................... 408

7.18 NANOFIBERS......................................................................................... 410

7.18.1 Market summary.......................................................................... 410


7.18.3 Properties...................................................................................... 411

7.18.4 Applications................................................................................. 411

7.18.5 Demand by market..................................................................... 413






7.18.9 Producers...................................................................................... 417

7.19 NANOSILVER......................................................................................... 424


7.19.2 Market summary.......................................................................... 424

7.19.3 Properties...................................................................................... 425

7.19.4 Applications................................................................................. 426

7.19.5 Demand by market..................................................................... 429




7.19.9 Prices............................................................................................. 433

7.19.10 Producers...................................................................................... 434

7.20 NANOWIRES.......................................................................................... 438


7.20.2 Market summary.......................................................................... 438

7.20.3 Properties...................................................................................... 439

7.20.4 Applications................................................................................. 440



7.20.5 Demand by market..................................................................... 442



7.20.8 Prices............................................................................................. 444

7.20.9 Producers...................................................................................... 445

7.21 NICKEL NANOPARTICLES...................................................................... 448


7.21.2 Market summary.......................................................................... 448

7.21.3 Properties...................................................................................... 449

7.21.4 Applications................................................................................. 450




7.21.8 Prices............................................................................................. 453

7.21.9 Producers...................................................................................... 454

7.22 QUANTUM DOTS................................................................................... 456


7.22.2 Properties...................................................................................... 456



7.22.3 Applications................................................................................. 459

7.22.4 Demand by market..................................................................... 464




7.22.8 Prices............................................................................................. 471

7.22.9 Producers...................................................................................... 471

7.23 SILICON OXIDE NANOPARTICLES......................................................... 477


7.23.2 Market summary.......................................................................... 477

7.23.3 Properties...................................................................................... 479

7.23.4 Applications................................................................................. 480

7.23.5 Demand by market..................................................................... 482




7.23.9 Prices............................................................................................. 486

7.23.10 Producers...................................................................................... 487



7.24 TITANIUM DIOXIDE NANOPARTICLES.................................................... 494


7.24.2 Market summary.......................................................................... 494

7.24.3 Properties...................................................................................... 496

7.24.3.1 Photocatalytic...................................................................... 497

7.24.3.2 UV-filter................................................................................... 497

7.24.4 Applications................................................................................. 498

7.24.5 Demand by market..................................................................... 499




7.24.9 Producers...................................................................................... 504

7.25 ZINC OXIDE NANOPARTICLES.............................................................. 510


7.25.2 Market summary.......................................................................... 510

7.25.3 Properties...................................................................................... 512

7.25.4 Applications................................................................................. 513

7.25.5 Demand by market..................................................................... 515






7.25.9 Producers...................................................................................... 520

7.26 ZIRCONIUM OXIDE NANOPARTICLES................................................... 528


7.26.2 Market summary.......................................................................... 528

7.26.3 Properties...................................................................................... 530

7.26.4 Applications................................................................................. 530

7.26.5 Demand by market..................................................................... 533




7.26.9 Prices............................................................................................. 538

7.26.10 Producers...................................................................................... 538

7.27 OTHER NANOMATERIALS...................................................................... 544

7.27.1 NANOPRECIPITATED CALCIUM CARBONATE................................ 544

7.27.1.1 Properties............................................................................... 544



7.27.1.2 Applications.......................................................................... 544

7.27.1.3 Producers............................................................................... 546

7.27.2 GRAPHENE AND CARBON QUANTUM DOTS................................ 547

7.27.2.1 Properties............................................................................... 548

7.27.2.2 Applications.......................................................................... 551

7.27.2.3 Producers............................................................................... 551

7.27.3 HYDROXYAPATITE NANOPARTICLES.............................................. 552

7.27.3.1 Properties............................................................................... 552

7.27.3.2 Applications.......................................................................... 552

7.27.3.3 Producers............................................................................... 553

7.27.4 PALLADIUM NANOPARTICLES........................................................ 553

7.27.4.1 Properties............................................................................... 553

7.27.4.2 Applications.......................................................................... 554

7.27.4.3 Producers............................................................................... 554

7.27.5 YTTRIUM OXIDE NANOPARTICLES.................................................. 555

7.27.5.1 Properties............................................................................... 555

7.27.5.2 Applications.......................................................................... 555

7.27.5.3 Producers............................................................................... 556

7.27.6 CARBON ONIONS.......................................................................... 557

7.27.6.1 Properties............................................................................... 557



7.27.6.2 Applications.......................................................................... 559

7.28 OTHER 2D MATERIALS........................................................................... 560

7.28.1 Black phosphorus/Phosphorene................................................. 561

7.28.1.1 Properties............................................................................... 562

7.28.1.2 Applications.......................................................................... 564

7.28.2 C2N................................................................................................. 566

7.28.2.1 Properties............................................................................... 567

7.28.2.2 Applications.......................................................................... 568

7.28.3 Carbon nitride.............................................................................. 569

7.28.3.1 Properties............................................................................... 569

7.28.3.2 Applications.......................................................................... 569

7.28.4 Germanene.................................................................................. 570

7.28.4.1 Properties............................................................................... 570

7.28.4.2 Applications.......................................................................... 571

7.28.5 Graphdiyne.................................................................................. 572

7.28.5.1 Properties............................................................................... 574

7.28.5.2 Applications.......................................................................... 574

7.28.6 Graphane..................................................................................... 576

7.28.6.1 Properties............................................................................... 576



7.28.6.2 Applications.......................................................................... 577

7.28.7 Hexagonal boron nitride............................................................. 578

7.28.7.1 Properties............................................................................... 579

7.28.7.2 Applications.......................................................................... 580

7.28.7.3 Producers............................................................................... 581

7.28.8 Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2)..................................................... 581

7.28.8.1 Properties............................................................................... 582

7.28.8.2 Applications.......................................................................... 582

7.28.9 Rhenium disulfide (ReS2) and diselenide (ReSe2)..................... 586

7.28.9.1 Properties............................................................................... 587

7.28.9.2 Applications.......................................................................... 588

7.28.10 Silicene.......................................................................................... 588

7.28.10.1 Properties............................................................................... 589

7.28.10.2 Applications.......................................................................... 591

7.28.11 Stanene/tinene............................................................................ 593

7.28.11.1 Properties............................................................................... 594

7.28.11.2 Applications.......................................................................... 595

7.28.12 Tungsten diselenide..................................................................... 595

7.28.12.1 Properties............................................................................... 596

7.28.12.2 Applications.......................................................................... 597



8 MARKETS FOR NANOMATERIALS........................................................... 598

8.1 ADHESIVES............................................................................................ 598

8.1.1 MARKET DRIVERS AND TRENDS......................................................... 598

8.1.1.1 Thermal management in high temperature electronics...... 598

8.1.1.2 Environmental sustainability.................................................... 598

8.1.2 APPLICATIONS................................................................................... 599

8.1.3 MARKET SIZE AND OPPORTUNITY...................................................... 603

8.1.3.1 Total market size....................................................................... 603

8.1.3.2 Nanotechnology and nanomaterials opportunity............... 603

8.1.4 MARKET CHALLENGES...................................................................... 605

8.1.5 APPLICATION AND PRODUCT DEVELOPERS..................................... 606

8.2 AEROSPACE AND AVIATION................................................................ 608


8.2.2 Safety................................................................................................ 608

8.2.3 Reduced fuel consumption and costs.......................................... 608

8.2.4 Increased durability........................................................................ 609

8.2.5 Multi-functionality........................................................................... 609



8.2.6 Need for new de-icing solutions..................................................... 610

8.2.7 Weight reduction............................................................................. 611

8.2.8 Need for improved lightning protection materials....................... 611

8.2.9 APPLICATIONS................................................................................... 612

8.2.9.1 Composites................................................................................ 612

8.2.9.2 Coatings.................................................................................... 614

8.2.10 MARKET SIZE AND OPPORTUNITY.................................................. 618

8.2.10.1 Total market size.................................................................... 618

8.2.10.2 Nanotechnology and nanomaterials opportunity........... 618

8.2.11 MARKET CHALLENGES................................................................... 620

8.2.12 APPLICATION AND PRODUCT DEVELOPERS................................. 621

8.3 AUTOMOTIVE........................................................................................ 628


8.3.1.1 Environmental regulations....................................................... 628

8.3.1.2 Lightweighting.......................................................................... 629

8.3.1.3 Increasing use of natural fiber composites............................. 630

8.3.1.4 Safety......................................................................................... 632

8.3.1.5 Cost............................................................................................ 632

8.3.1.6 Need for enhanced conductivity in fuel components........ 633



8.3.1.7 Increase in the use of touch-based automotive applications 634

8.3.2 APPLICATIONS................................................................................... 635

8.3.2.1 Composites................................................................................ 636

8.3.2.2 Paints and coatings................................................................. 638

8.3.2.3 Tires............................................................................................. 642


8.3.3.1 Composites................................................................................ 643

8.3.3.2 Coatings.................................................................................... 645



8.4 BATTERIES.............................................................................................. 660


8.4.1.1 Growth in personal electronics, electric vehicles and smart grids markets 661

8.4.1.2 Reduce dependence on lithium............................................ 662

8.4.1.3 Shortcomings of existing battery and supercapacitor technology 662

8.4.1.4 Reduced costs for widespread application.......................... 664

8.4.1.5 Power sources for flexible electronics...................................... 664

8.4.2 APPLICATIONS................................................................................... 665



8.4.2.1 Lithium-ion batteries (LIB)......................................................... 665

8.4.2.2 Lithium-air batteries.................................................................. 668

8.4.2.3 Sodium-ion batteries................................................................ 669

8.4.2.4 Magnesium batteries............................................................... 670






8.5 BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE........................................................ 684

8.5.1 BIOSENSORS...................................................................................... 685

8.5.1.1 MARKET DRIVERS AND TRENDS.................................................. 685

8.5.1.2 APPLICATIONS............................................................................ 687

8.5.1.3 MARKET SIZE AND OPPORTUNITY............................................... 690

8.5.1.4 MARKET CHALLENGES............................................................... 692

8.5.1.5 APPLICATION AND PRODUCT DEVELOPERS.............................. 693

8.5.2 DRUG FORMULATION AND DELIVERY............................................... 695


8.5.2.2 APPLICATIONS............................................................................ 697






8.5.3 IMAGING AND DIAGNOSTICS.......................................................... 718


8.5.3.2 APPLICATIONS............................................................................ 721




8.5.4 MEDICAL COATINGS AND FILMS...................................................... 738


8.5.4.2 APPLICATIONS............................................................................ 742




8.5.5 MEDICAL IMPLANTS.......................................................................... 762


8.5.5.2 APPLICATIONS............................................................................ 764






8.5.6 THERAPEUTICS................................................................................... 773


8.5.6.2 APPLICATIONS............................................................................ 774




8.5.7 WOUND CARE................................................................................... 787


8.5.7.2 APPLICATIONS............................................................................ 789




8.5.8 DENTAL.............................................................................................. 796


8.5.8.2 APPLICATIONS............................................................................ 797






8.6 COMPOSITES........................................................................................ 802


8.6.1.1 Growing use of polymer composites....................................... 802

8.6.1.2 Increased need for advanced, protective materials........... 802

8.6.1.3 Improved performance over traditional composites............ 803

8.6.1.4 Multi-functionality.................................................................... 804

8.6.1.5 Growth in use in the wind energy market.............................. 805

8.6.1.6 Need for new flame retardant materials............................... 805

8.6.1.7 Environmental impact of carbon fibers................................. 806

8.6.1.8 Shortcomings of natural fiber composites and glass fiber reinforced composites 806

8.6.2 APPLICATIONS................................................................................... 807

8.6.2.1 Polymer composites.................................................................. 808

8.6.2.2 Thermal management............................................................. 811

8.6.2.3 Electrostatic discharge (ESD) and electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding 812

8.6.2.4 Rubber and elastomers............................................................ 813

8.6.2.5 Flame retardants...................................................................... 814








8.7 CONSTRUCTION, BUILDING PROTECTION AND ARCHITECTURAL EXTERIOR COATINGS 831


8.7.1.1 Regulatory................................................................................. 831

8.7.1.2 Problems with conventional coatings.................................... 831

8.7.1.3 Long-term maintenance with reduced cleaning cycles..... 832

8.7.1.4 Need for improved insulation.................................................. 832

8.7.1.5 Increased durability and cleanability of exterior and interior surfaces 833

8.7.1.6 Need for advanced materials in the construction industry. 833

8.7.2 APPLICATIONS................................................................................... 833

8.7.2.1 INSULATION AND HEATING........................................................ 833

8.7.2.2 EXTERIOR COATINGS (PROTECTIVE, WOOD AND GLASS)........ 835

8.7.2.3 SMART WINDOWS...................................................................... 844

8.7.2.4 VOC MITIGATION AND INDOOR AIR FILTRATION...................... 848

8.7.2.5 CEMENT AND CONCRETE......................................................... 850


8.7.3.1 Concrete and cement............................................................ 854



8.7.3.2 Exterior coatings....................................................................... 855

8.7.3.3 Smart windows.......................................................................... 857

8.7.3.4 Insulation................................................................................... 858


8.7.4.1 Agglomeration.......................................................................... 859

8.7.4.2 Cost............................................................................................ 859

8.8 COSMETICS AND SUNSCREENS............................................................ 861


8.8.1.1 Demand for high quality products with enhanced properties 861

8.8.1.2 Demand for high sun protection............................................. 862

8.8.1.3 Increasing demand for non-chemical sun filters................... 863

8.8.1.4 Regulatory approval................................................................ 864

8.8.1.5 Improved delivery of active ingredients................................ 864

8.8.1.6 Growth in the anti-aging products market............................ 865

8.8.2 APPLICATIONS................................................................................... 866








8.9 ELECTRONICS AND PHOTONICS.......................................................... 889

8.9.1 FLEXIBLE ELECTRONICS, CONDUCTIVE FILMS AND DISPLAYS.......... 889


8.9.1.2 APPLICATONS............................................................................. 894




8.9.2 CONDUCTIVE INKS............................................................................ 923


8.9.2.2 APPLICATIONS............................................................................ 926




8.9.3 TRANSISTORS, INTEGRATED CIRCUITS AND OTHER COMPONENTS.. 938


8.9.3.2 APPLICATIONS............................................................................ 942






8.9.4 MEMORY DEVICES............................................................................ 954


8.9.4.2 APPLICATIONS............................................................................ 955




8.9.5 ELECTRONICS COATINGS................................................................. 963


8.9.5.2 APPLICATIONS............................................................................ 967




8.9.6 PHOTONICS....................................................................................... 975


8.9.6.2 APPLICATIONS............................................................................ 976






8.10 FILTRATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL REMEDIATION.............................. 992

8.10.1 MARKET DRIVERS AND TRENDS..................................................... 992

8.10.1.1 Water shortage and population growth............................ 992

8.10.1.2 Need for improved and low cost membrane technology 993

8.10.1.3 Need for improved groundwater treatment technologies 993

8.10.1.4 Cost and efficiency.............................................................. 994

8.10.1.5 Growth in the air filter market.............................................. 994

8.10.1.6 Need for environmentally, safe filters.................................. 995

8.10.2 APPLICATIONS............................................................................... 995

8.10.2.1 Desalination and water filtration......................................... 998

8.10.2.2 Airborne filters...................................................................... 1002

8.10.2.3 Gas separation.................................................................... 1005

8.10.3 MARKET SIZE AND OPPORTUNITY................................................ 1006

8.10.3.1 Total market size.................................................................. 1006

8.10.3.2 Nanotechnology and nanomaterials opportunity......... 1006

8.10.4 MARKET CHALLENGES................................................................. 1007

8.10.4.1 Uniform pore size and distribution..................................... 1008

8.10.4.2 Cost...................................................................................... 1008



8.10.5 APPLICATION AND PRODUCT DEVELOPERS............................... 1009

8.11 FOOD AND AGRICULTURE.................................................................. 1016

8.11.1 MARKET DRIVERS AND TRENDS................................................... 1016

8.11.1.1 Sustainability, improved varieties and increased productivity 1016

8.11.1.2 Need for environmentally sustainable and active food packaging 1016

8.11.1.3 Need for improved food storage....................................... 1017

8.11.1.4 Reducing costs and improving hygiene in food processing 1018

8.11.2 APPLICATIONS............................................................................. 1018

8.11.2.1 Food packaging................................................................. 1019

8.11.2.2 Coatings............................................................................... 1023

8.11.2.3 Sensors.................................................................................. 1026

8.11.2.4 Additives in food additives and supplements................. 1026

8.11.2.5 Agricultural production...................................................... 1027








8.12 FUEL CELLS AND HYDROGEN STORAGE............................................ 1041


8.12.1.1 Need for alternative energy sources................................. 1041

8.12.1.2 Demand from transportation and portable and stationary power sectors 1041

8.12.1.3 Temperature problems with current fuel cell technology 1042

8.12.1.4 Reducing corrosion problems............................................ 1042

8.12.1.5 Limitations of platinum....................................................... 1043

8.12.1.6 Reducing cost and increasing reliability of current fuel cell technology 1043

8.12.2 APPLICATIONS............................................................................. 1043

8.12.2.1 Fuel cells............................................................................... 1045

8.12.2.2 Hydrogen storage............................................................... 1046






8.13 HOUSEHOLD CARE AND SANITARY.................................................... 1053




8.13.1.1 Need for new anti-microbial solutions.............................. 1053

8.13.1.2 Reducing the use of chemical agents.............................. 1054

8.13.1.3 Food safety on surfaces...................................................... 1054

8.13.1.4 Reducing cleaning cycles................................................. 1054

8.13.1.5 Reducing indoor pollutants and improving air quality... 1055

8.13.1.6 Increase in the demand for mar-free decorative surfaces 1056

8.13.2 APPLICATIONS............................................................................. 1056

8.13.2.1 Anti-microbial coatings...................................................... 1056

8.13.2.2 Self-cleaning & easy clean coatings................................ 1058

8.13.2.3 Photocatalytic coatings..................................................... 1058

8.13.2.4 Anti-fingerprint nanocoatings............................................ 1059






8.14 LIGHTING AND UVC........................................................................... 1071




8.14.1.1 Need to develop low-cost lighting.................................... 1071

8.14.1.2 Environmental regulation................................................... 1072

8.14.1.3 Limited efficiency of phosphors in LEDs............................. 1072

8.14.1.4 Shortcomings with LED lighting technologies................... 1073

8.14.1.5 Improving flexibility............................................................. 1073

8.14.1.6 Improving performance and costs of UV-LEDs................. 1073

8.14.2 APPLICATIONS............................................................................. 1074






8.15 LUBRICANTS........................................................................................ 1081


8.15.1.1 Need for new additives that provide “more for less”...... 1081

8.15.1.2 Need for higher-performing lubricants for fuel efficiency 1082

8.15.1.3 Environmental concerns.................................................... 1082

8.15.2 APPLICATIONS............................................................................. 1082








8.16 MARINE............................................................................................... 1088


8.16.1.1 Need to reduce biofouling................................................ 1088

8.16.1.2 Reducing fuel consumption and costs............................. 1088

8.16.1.3 Reducing pollution and environmental protection........ 1089

8.16.1.4 Need to increase durability of marine coatings.............. 1089

8.16.1.5 Need for marine de-icing solutions.................................... 1090

8.16.2 APPLICATIONS............................................................................. 1090






8.17 OIL & GAS EXPLORATION................................................................... 1098




8.17.1.1 Need to reduce operating costs and improve operation efficiency 1098

8.17.1.2 Increased demands of drilling environments................... 1099

8.17.1.3 Increased exploration in extreme environments............. 1100

8.17.1.4 Environmental and regulatory.......................................... 1100

8.17.2 PROPERTIES AND APPLICATIONS................................................. 1101

8.17.2.1 Sensing and reservoir management................................. 1101

8.17.2.2 Coatings............................................................................... 1102

8.17.2.3 Drilling fluids......................................................................... 1103

8.17.2.4 Sorbent materials................................................................ 1105

8.17.2.5 Separation........................................................................... 1106






8.18 PACKAGING....................................................................................... 1115


8.18.1.1 Rise in demand for environmentally sustainable packaging 1115



8.18.1.2 Shortcoming of packaging biopolymers.......................... 1116

8.18.1.3 High demand for packaging films resistant to oxygen and moisture to increase shelf life 1116

8.18.1.4 Growth in active packaging............................................. 1117

8.18.1.5 Anti-microbial packaging biofilm market is growing....... 1117

8.18.1.6 Need for improved barrier packaging.............................. 1118

8.18.1.7 Growth in barrier food packaging sector......................... 1118

8.18.2 APPLICATIONS............................................................................. 1121






8.19 SECURITY AND DEFENCE.................................................................... 1135


8.19.1.1 Growth in counterfeiting and need for improved security 1135

8.19.1.2 Combating counterfeiting in 3D Printing.......................... 1136

8.19.1.3 Protecting military equipment........................................... 1136

8.19.1.4 Threat detection and prevention..................................... 1136



8.19.1.5 Demands of extreme environments.................................. 1137

8.19.1.6 Increased use of electronic devices in military and security 1137

8.19.2 APPLICATIONS............................................................................. 1138

8.19.2.1 Military textiles..................................................................... 1138

8.19.2.2 Military equipment............................................................. 1138

8.19.2.3 Anti-counterfeiting.............................................................. 1140

8.19.2.4 Sensors and detection........................................................ 1142

8.19.2.5 Ballistic protection............................................................... 1144






8.20 SENSORS............................................................................................. 1155


8.20.1.1 Increased power and performance with reduced cost. 1155

8.20.1.2 Enhanced sensitivity........................................................... 1155

8.20.1.3 Replacing silver electrodes................................................ 1156

8.20.1.4 Growth in the home diagnostics and point of care market 1157



8.20.1.5 Improved thermal stability................................................. 1157

8.20.2 APPLICATIONS............................................................................. 1158

8.20.2.1 Gas sensors........................................................................... 1160

8.20.2.2 Strain sensors........................................................................ 1163

8.20.2.3 Biosensors............................................................................. 1164

8.20.2.4 Food sensors......................................................................... 1167

8.20.2.5 Image sensors...................................................................... 1168

8.20.2.6 Infrared (IR) sensors.............................................................. 1168

8.20.2.7 Optical sensors.................................................................... 1169

8.20.2.8 Pressure sensors.................................................................... 1170

8.20.2.9 Humidity sensors.................................................................. 1171

8.20.2.10 Acoustic sensors................................................................... 1172

8.20.2.11 Wireless sensors..................................................................... 1172






8.21 SOLAR................................................................................................. 1182




8.21.1.1 Need for new materials and novel devices..................... 1182

8.21.1.2 Need for cost-effective solar energy for wider adoptions 1183

8.21.1.3 Varying environmental conditions require new coating technology 1184

8.21.2 APPLICATIONS............................................................................. 1185

8.21.2.1 Solar cells............................................................................. 1185

8.21.2.2 Solar water splitting............................................................. 1191

8.21.2.3 Solar coatings...................................................................... 1192






8.22 SUPERCAPACITORS............................................................................ 1204


8.22.1.1 Reducing costs.................................................................... 1204

8.22.1.2 Demand from portable electronics................................... 1204

8.22.1.3 Inefficiencies of standard battery technology................ 1204

8.22.1.4 Problems with activated carbon...................................... 1205



8.22.2 APPLICATIONS............................................................................. 1205






8.23 TEXTILES & APPAREL........................................................................... 1212

8.23.1 MARKET DRIIVERS AND TRENDS................................................... 1212

8.23.1.1 Growth in the wearable electronics market.................... 1212

8.23.1.2 Growth in remote health monitoring and diagnostics.... 1214

8.23.1.3 Growth in the market for anti-microbial textiles............... 1215

8.23.1.4 Need to improve the properties of cloth or fabric materials 1216

8.23.1.5 Environmental and regulatory.......................................... 1217

8.23.1.6 Increase in demand UV protection textiles and apparel 1217

8.23.2 APPLICATIONS............................................................................. 1218

8.23.2.1 Protective textiles................................................................ 1220

8.23.2.2 Electronic textiles................................................................ 1221


8.23.3.1 Protective textiles................................................................ 1231



8.23.3.2 Electronic textiles................................................................ 1232



8.24 TOOLS & MANUFACTURING............................................................... 1241


8.24.1.1 Improved machining tools................................................. 1241

8.24.1.2 Need for enhanced wear resistant coatings................... 1241

8.24.1.3 Cost of abrasion damage.................................................. 1242

8.24.1.4 Regulatory and safety requirements................................. 1242

8.24.2 APPLICATIONS............................................................................. 1243






8.25 3D PRINTING....................................................................................... 1252


8.25.1.1 Improved materials at lower cost...................................... 1252



8.25.1.2 Limitations of current thermoplastics................................. 1252

8.25.2 APPLICATIONS............................................................................. 1253






8.26 OTHER MARKETS................................................................................. 1260

8.26.1 CATALYSTS................................................................................... 1260

8.26.1.1 APPLICATIONS...................................................................... 1260

8.26.1.2 APPLICATION AND PRODUCT DEVELOPERS........................ 1262

8.26.2 WIRE AND CABLE......................................................................... 1263

8.26.2.1 Applications........................................................................ 1263

8.26.2.2 Application and product developers.............................. 1264

8.26.3 SPORTING GOODS...................................................................... 1265

8.26.3.1 Applications........................................................................ 1265


8.26.4 WIND ENERGY............................................................................. 1268

8.26.4.1 Market drivers and trends.................................................. 1268



8.26.4.1.1 Need for improved polymer composites

8.26.4.1.2 Need for protective coatings offshore ocean wind and marine energy structures

8.26.4.1.3.1 Applications

8.26.4.1.3.4 Application and product developers

8.26.5 THERMOELECTRICS............................................................................. 1273

8.26.5.1 Market drivers and trends.................................................. 1273

8.26.5.2 Applications........................................................................ 1274


TABLES

Table 1: The Global market for nanomaterials in 2015 in tons, market characteristics and growth prospects........................................................................................................ 81

Table 2: Categorization of nanomaterials........................................................ 93

Table 3: National nanomaterials registries in Europe....................................... 98

Table 4: Nanomaterials regulatory bodies in Australia.................................. 105

Table 5: Top ten countries based on number of nanotechnology patents in USPTO 2014-2015. 129

Table 6: Nanomaterials scorecard for aluminium oxide nanoparticles....... 131

Table 7: Market summary for aluminium oxide nanoparticles-Selling grade particle diameter, usage, advantages, average price/ton, high volume applications, low



volume applications and novel applications................................................................................................. 132

Table 8: Markets, benefits and applications of aluminium oxide nanoparticles 134

Table 9: Production volumes of aluminium oxide nanoparticles (tons), 2010-2025. 139

Table 10: Prices of aluminium oxide nanoparticles....................................... 142

Table 11: Aluminium oxide nanoparticles producers.................................... 143

Table 12: Nanomaterials scorecard for antimony tin oxide nanoparticles. 149

Table 13: Market summary for antimony tin oxide nanoparticles-Selling grade particle diameter, usage, advantages, average price/ton, high volume applications, low volume applications and novel applications................................................................................................. 149

Table 14: Markets, benefits and applications of antimony tin oxide nanoparticles 151

Table 15: Production volume of antimony tin oxide nanoparticles (tons), 2010-2025. 154

Table 16: Prices of antimony tin oxide nanoparticles.................................... 158

Table 17: Antimony tin oxide nanoparticles producers................................ 159

Table 18: Nanomaterials scorecard for bismuth oxide nanoparticles......... 163

Table 19: Market summary for bismuth oxide nanoparticles-Selling grade particle diameter, usage, advantages, average price/ton, high volume applications, low volume applications and novel applications................................................................................................. 163

Table 20: Markets, benefits and applications of aluminium oxide nanoparticles 165



Table 21: Production volume of bismuth oxide nanoparticles (tons), 2010-2025. 169

Table 22: Prices of bismuth oxide nanoparticles............................................ 172

Table 23: Bismuth oxide nanoparticles producers......................................... 172

Table 24: Nanomaterials scorecard for carbon nanotubes......................... 175

Table 25: Market summary for carbon nanotubes-Selling grade particle diameter, usage, advantages, average price/ton, high volume applications, low volume applications and novel applications. 175

Table 26: Properties of CNTs and comparable materials.............................. 178

Table 27: Markets, benefits and applications of Carbon Nanotubes......... 179

Table 28: Production volumes of carbon nanotubes (tons), 2010-2025...... 187

Table 29: Prices of carbon nanotubes............................................................ 192

Table 30: Annual production capacity of MWNT producers........................ 194

Table 31: SWNT producers production capacities 2015................................ 195

Table 32: Other carbon nanotubes producers.............................................. 196

Table 33: Nanomaterials scorecard for cerium oxide nanoparticles........... 206

Table 34: Market summary for cerium oxide nanoparticles-Selling grade particle diameter, usage, advantages, average price/ton, high volume applications, low volume applications and novel applications................................................................................................. 206

Table 35: Markets, benefits and applications of cerium oxide nanoparticles 208

Table 36: Production volumes of cerium oxide nanoparticles (tons), 2010-2025. 213

Table 37: Prices of cerium oxide nanoparticles.............................................. 216



Table 38: Cerium oxide nanoparticles producers.......................................... 216

Table 39: Nanomaterials scorecard for cobalt oxide nanoparticles........... 220

Table 40: Market summary for cobalt oxide nanoparticles-Selling grade particle diameter, usage, advantages, average price/ton, high volume applications, low volume applications and novel applications................................................................................................. 220

Table 41: Markets, benefits and applications of cobalt oxide nanoparticles. 222

Table 42: Production volumes of cobalt oxide nanoparticles (tons), 2010-2025. 225

Table 43: Prices of cobalt oxide nanoparticles.............................................. 229

Table 44: Cobalt oxide nanoparticles producers.......................................... 229

Table 45: Nanomaterials scorecard for copper oxide nanoparticles.......... 231

Table 46: Market summary for copper oxide nanoparticles -Selling grade particle diameter, usage, advantages, average price/ton, high volume applications, low volume applications and novel applications................................................................................................. 231

Table 47: Markets, benefits and applications of copper oxide nanoparticles. 234

Table 48: Production volumes of copper oxide nanoparticles (tons), 2010-2025. 238

Table 49: Example prices of copper oxide nanoparticles............................ 240

Table 50: Copper oxide nanoparticles producers......................................... 241

Table 51: Nanomaterials scorecard for dendrimers....................................... 244

Table 52: Market summary for dendrimer -Selling grade particle diameter, usage, advantages, average price/ton, high volume applications, low volume applications and novel applications. 244



Table 53: Types of dendrimer........................................................................... 247

Table 54: Markets, benefits and applications of dendrimers........................ 249

Table 55: Dendrimer products......................................................................... 250

Table 56: Production volumes of dendrimers (tons), 2010-2025.................... 253

Table 57: Example prices of dendrimers......................................................... 255

Table 58: Dendrimers producers...................................................................... 256

Table 59: Nanomaterials scorecard for fullerenes.......................................... 259

Table 60: Market summary for fullerenes-Selling grade particle diameter, usage, advantages, average price/ton, high volume applications, low volume applications and novel applications. 259

Table 61: Markets, benefits and applications of fullerenes........................... 261

Table 62: Production volume of fullerenes (tons), 2010-2025........................ 264

Table 63: Example prices of fullerenes............................................................ 267

Table 64: Fullerene producers.......................................................................... 269

Table 65: Nanomaterials scorecard for gold nanoparticles......................... 272

Table 66: Market summary for gold nanoparticles-Selling grade particle diameter, usage, advantages, average price/ton, high volume applications, low volume applications and novel applications. 272

Table 67: Markets, benefits and applications of gold nanoparticles.......... 275

Table 68: Production volumes of gold nanoparticles (tons), 2010-2025...... 278

Table 69: Example prices of gold nanoparticles............................................ 282

Table 70: Gold nanoparticle producers......................................................... 283



Table 71: Nanomaterials scorecard for graphene......................................... 287

Table 72: Market summary for graphene-Selling grade particle diameter, usage, advantages, average price/ton, high volume applications, low volume applications and novel applications. 287

Table 73: Properties of graphene.................................................................... 289

Table 74: Markets, benefits and applications of graphene......................... 292

Table 75: Consumer products incorporating graphene............................... 297

Table 76: Production volumes of graphene (tons), 2010-2025..................... 302

Table 77: Graphene types and cost per kg................................................... 306

Table 78: Graphene producers....................................................................... 307

Table 79: Nanomaterials scorecard for iron oxide nanoparticles................ 319

Table 80: Market summary for iron oxide nanoparticles-Selling grade particle diameter, usage, advantages, average price/ton, high volume applications, low volume applications and novel applications................................................................................................. 319

Table 81: Markets, benefits and applications of iron oxide nanoparticles. 322

Table 82: Production volumes of iron oxide nanoparticles (tons), 2010-2025. 327

Table 83: Example prices of iron oxide nanoparticles................................... 329

Table 84: Iron oxide nanoparticles producers................................................ 330

Table 85: Nanomaterials scorecard for magnesium oxide nanoparticles... 335

Table 86: Market summary for magnesium oxide nanoparticles-Selling grade particle diameter, usage, advantages, average price/ton, market estimates, high volume



applications, low volume applications and novel applications........................................................ 335

Table 87: Markets, benefits and applications of magnesium oxide nanoparticles. 337

Table 88: Production volumes of magnesium oxide nanoparticles (tons), 2010-2025. 339

Table 89: Example prices of magnesium oxide nanoparticles..................... 342

Table 90: Magnesium oxide nanoparticles producers.................................. 343

Table 91: Nanomaterials scorecard for manganese oxide nanoparticles.. 346

Table 92: Market summary for manganese oxide nanoparticles-Selling grade particle diameter, usage, advantages, average price/ton, high volume applications, low volume applications and novel applications................................................................................................. 346

Table 93: Markets, benefits and applications of manganese oxide nanoparticles. 348

Table 94: Production volumes of manganese oxide nanoparticles (tons), 2010-2025. 351

Table 95: Example prices of manganese oxide nanoparticles.................... 353

Table 96: Manganese oxide nanoparticles producers................................. 354

Table 97: Nanomaterials scorecard for nanocellulose.................................. 356

Table 98: Market summary for nanocellulose-Selling grade particle diameter, usage, advantages, average price/ton, high volume applications, low volume applications and novel applications. 356

Table 99: Nanocellulose properties................................................................. 361



Table 100: Properties and applications of nanocellulose............................. 361

Table 101: Markets and applications of nanocellulose................................ 363

Table 102: Production volumes of nanocellulose (tons), 2010-2025............. 370

Table 103: Example prices of nanocellulose.................................................. 373

Table 104: Production capacities of CNF producers per annum in tons, current and planned. 375

Table 105: Production capacities of CNC producers per annum in tons, current and planned. 375

Table 106: Nanocellulose producers............................................................... 376

Table 107: Nanomaterials scorecard for nanoclays...................................... 382

Table 108: Market summary for nanoclays -Selling grade particle diameter, usage, advantages, average price/ton, high volume applications, low volume applications and novel applications. 382

Table 109: Markets, benefits and applications of nanoclays....................... 387

Table 110: Production volumes of nanoclays (tons), 2010-2025................... 390

Table 111: Example prices of nanoclays........................................................ 393

Table 112: Main nanoclays producers, products and target markets........ 394

Table 113: Nanoclay producers...................................................................... 395

Table 114: Nanomaterials scorecard for nanodiamonds............................. 400

Table 115: Markets, benefits and applications of nanodiamonds.............. 402

Table 116: Production volumes of nanodiamonds (tons), 2010-2025.......... 405

Table 117: Example prices of nanodiamonds................................................ 408



Table 118: Nanodiamonds producers............................................................ 408

Table 119: Nanomaterials scorecard for nanofibers...................................... 410

Table 120: Market summary for nanofibers- Selling grade particle diameter, advantages, average price/ton, high volume applications, low volume applications and novel applications. 410

Table 121: Markets and applications of nanofibers...................................... 412

Table 122: Markets for nanofiber air and liquid filtration.............................. 413

Table 123: Production volumes of nanofibers (tons), 2010-2025................... 414

Table 124: Nanofibers producers..................................................................... 417

Table 125: Nanomaterials scorecard for nanosilver....................................... 424

Table 126: Market summary for nanosilver-Selling grade particle diameter, usage, advantages, average price/ton, high volume applications, low volume applications and novel applications. 424

Table 127: Markets, benefits and applications of nanosilver....................... 427

Table 128: Production volumes of nanosilver (tons), 2010-2025................... 431

Table 129: Example prices of nanosilver......................................................... 434

Table 130: Nanosilver producers...................................................................... 434

Table 131: Nanomaterials scorecard for nanowires...................................... 438

Table 132: Market summary for nanowires-Selling grade particle diameter, usage, advantages, average price/ton, market estimates, high volume applications, low volume applications and novel applications................................................................................................. 438

Table 133: Markets, benefits and applications of nanowires....................... 441



Table 134: Example prices of nanowires......................................................... 444

Table 135: Nanowires producers..................................................................... 445

Table 136: Nanomaterials scorecard for nickel nanoparticles..................... 448

Table 137: Market summary for nickel nanoparticles -Selling grade particle diameter, usage, advantages, average price/ton, high volume applications, low volume applications and novel applications................................................................................................. 448

Table 138: Markets, benefits and applications of nickel nanoparticles...... 450

Table 139: Production volumes of nickel nanoparticles (tons), 2010-2025.. 451

Table 140: Example prices of nickel nanoparticles....................................... 453

Table 141: Nickel nanoparticles producers.................................................... 454

Table 142: Nanomaterials scorecard for quantum dots............................... 456

Table 143: Markets, benefits and applications of quantum dots................ 459

Table 144: Total QD revenues 2013-2025 ($M), conservative and optimistic estimates. 468

Table 145: Example prices of quantum dots.................................................. 471

Table 146: Production of quantum dots......................................................... 471

Table 147: Quantum dot producers............................................................... 472

Table 148: Nanomaterials scorecard for silicon oxide nanoparticles.......... 477

Table 149: Market summary for silicon oxide nanoparticles-Selling grade particle diameter, usage, advantages, average price/ton, high volume applications, low volume applications and novel applications................................................................................................. 477



Table 150: Markets, benefits and applications of silicon oxide nanoparticles. 480

Table 151: Production volumes of silicon oxide nanoparticles (tons), 2010-2025. 484

Table 152: Example prices of silicon oxide nanoparticles............................. 486

Table 153: Silicon oxide nanoparticles producers......................................... 487

Table 154: Nanomaterials scorecard for titanium dioxide nanoparticles... 494

Table 155: Market summary for titanium dioxide nanoparticles -Selling grade particle diameter, usage, advantages, average price/ton, high volume applications, low volume applications and novel applications................................................................................................. 495

Table 156: Markets, benefits and applications of titanium dioxide nanoparticles. 498

Table 157: Production volumes of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (tons), conservative and optimistic estimates....................................................................................................... 502

Table 158: Titanium dioxide nanoparticles producers.................................. 506

Table 159: Nanomaterials scorecard for zinc oxide nanoparticles.............. 510

Table 160: Market summary for zinc oxide nanoparticles-Selling grade particle diameter, usage, advantages, average price/ton, high volume applications, low volume applications and novel applications................................................................................................. 510

Table 161: Markets, benefits and applications of zinc oxide nanoparticles. 513

Table 162: Production volumes of zinc oxide nanoparticles (tons), 2010-2025. 518

Table 163: Main Zinc oxide nanoparticles-Suppliers, products, primary particle size. 521



Table 164: Zinc oxide nanoparticles producers............................................. 523

Table 165: Nanomaterials scorecard for zirconium oxide nanoparticles.... 528

Table 166: Market summary for zirconium oxide nanoparticles-Selling grade particle diameter, usage, advantages, average price/ton, high volume applications, low volume applications and novel applications................................................................................................. 528

Table 167: Markets, benefits and applications of zirconium oxide nanoparticles. 530

Table 168: Production volumes of zirconium oxide nanoparticles (tons), 2010-2025. 535

Table 169: Prices of zirconium oxide nanoparticles....................................... 538

Table 170: Zirconium oxide nanoparticles producers................................... 539

Table 171: Markets, benefits and applications of zirconium oxide nanoparticles. 544

Table 172: Nanoprecipitated calcium carbonate nanoparticles producers. 546

Table 173: Schematic of (a) CQDs and (c) GQDs. HRTEM images of (b) C-dots and (d) GQDs showing combination of zigzag and armchair edges (positions marked as 1–4.. 548

Table 174: Properties of graphene quantum dots......................................... 549

Table 175: Graphene and carbon quantum dots producers...................... 551

Table 176: Markets, benefits and applications of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles. 552

Table 177: Hydroxyapatite nanoparticles producers................................... 553

Table 178: Markets, benefits and applications of palladium nanoparticles. 554



Table 179: Palladium nanoparticles producers............................................. 554

Table 180: Yttrium oxide nanoparticles producers........................................ 556

Table 181: Electronic and mechanical properties of monolayer phosphorene, graphene and MoS2. 563

Table 182: Markets and applications of phosphorene................................. 564

Table 183: Markets and applications of C2N................................................. 568

Table 184: Markets and applications of germanene.................................... 571

Table 185: Markets and applications of graphdiyne.................................... 574

Table 186: Markets and applications of graphane....................................... 577

Table 187: Markets and applications of hexagonal boron-nitride.............. 580

Table 188: Markets and applications of MoS2................................................ 583

Table 189: Markets and applications of Rhenium disulfide (ReS2) and diselenide (ReSe2). 588

Table 190: Markets and applications of silicene............................................ 591

Table 191: Markets and applications of stanene/tinene.............................. 595

Table 192: Markets and applications of tungsten diselenide....................... 597

Table 193: Nanomaterials properties relevant to application in adhesives. 599

Table 194: Applications in adhesives, by nanomaterials type and benefits thereof. 600

Table 195: Nanomaterials in the adhesives market-applications, stage of commercialization and estimated economic impact...................................................................... 604



Table 196: Market challenges rating for nanotechnology and nanomaterials in the adhesives market........................................................................................................................ 605

Table 197: Nanomaterials application and product developers in adhesives. 606

Table 198: Applications in aerospace composites, by nanomaterials type and benefits thereof. 612

Table 199: Types of nanocoatings utilized in aerospace and application. 614

Table 200: Applications in aerospace coatings, by nanomaterials type and benefits thereof. 616

Table 201: Nanomaterials in the aerospace market-applications, stage of commercialization and estimated economic impact...................................................................... 619

Table 202: Market challenges rating for nanotechnology and nanomaterials in the aerospace market........................................................................................................................ 620

Table 203: Nanomaterials application and product developers in the aerospace industry. 621

Table 204: Applications of natural fiber composites in vehicles by manufacturers. 631

Table 205: Applications in automotive composites, by nanomaterials type and benefits thereof. 636

Table 206: Nanocoatings applied in the automotive industry.................... 639

Table 207: Applications in automotive tires, by nanomaterials type and benefits thereof. 642



Table 208: Application markets, competing materials, nanomaterials advantages and current market size in the automotive sector...................................................................... 644

Table 209: Nanotechnology and nanomaterials in the automotive market-applications, stage of commercialization and estimated economic impact............................. 646

Table 210: Applications and commercilization challenges in the automotive market. 648

Table 211: Market challenges rating for nanotechnology and nanomaterials in the aerospace market........................................................................................................................ 648

Table 212: Nanomaterials application and product developers in the automotive industry. 649

Table 213: Applications in LIB, by nanomaterials type and benefits thereof. 666

Table 214: Applications in lithium-air batteries, by nanomaterials type and benefits thereof. 669

Table 215: Applications in sodium-ion batteries, by nanomaterials type and benefits thereof. 669

Table 216: Applications in magesium batteries, by nanomaterials type and benefits thereof. 670

Table 217: Nanotechnology and nanomaterials opportunity in the batteries market-applications, stage of commercialization and estimated economic impact........................ 672

Table 218: Market challenges in batteries...................................................... 673

Table 219: Market challenges rating for nanotechnology and nanomaterials in the batteries



market........................................................................................................................ 674

Table 220: Nanomaterials application and product developers in batteries and supercapacitors. 675

Table 221: Applications in medical biosensors, by nanomaterials type and benefits thereof. 687

Table 222: Nanotechnology and nanomaterials opportunity in the medical biosensors market-applications, stage of commercialization and estimated economic impact. 691

Table 223: Market challenges in medical biosensors.................................... 692

Table 224: Market challenges rating for nanotechnology and nanomaterials in the medical biosensors market........................................................................................................... 692

Table 225: Nanotechnology and nanomaterials application and product developers in medical biosensors...................................................................................................... 693

Table 226: Applications in drug formulation and delivery, by nanomaterials type and benefits thereof........................................................................................................................ 697

Table 227: Nanotechnology drug products................................................... 703

Table 228: Nanotechnology and nanomaterials opportunity in the drug formulation and delivery market-applications, stage of commercialization and estimated economic impact. 708

Table 229: Market challenges rating for nanotechnology and nanomaterials in the drug formulation and delivery market.................................................................................... 710



Table 230: Nanotechnology application developers in drug formulation and delivery. 711

Table 231: Applications in medical imaging and diagnostics, by nanomaterials type and benefits thereof........................................................................................................... 721

Table 232: Nanotechnology and nanomaterials opportunity in the imaging and diagnostics market-applications, stage of commercialization and estimated economic impact. 726

Table 233: Market challenges in imaging and diagnostics.......................... 728

Table 234: Market challenges rating for nanotechnology and nanomaterials in the medical imaging and diagnostics market.............................................................................. 729

Table 235: Nanotechnology application developers in medical imaging and diagnositcs 729

Table 236: Nanocoatings applied in the medical industry-type of coating, nanomaterials utilized, benefits and applications........................................................................... 742

Table 237: Types of advanced coatings applied in medical devices and implants. 745

Table 238: Nanomaterials utilized in medical implants................................. 746

Table 239: Nanomaterials utilized in medical coatings and films coatings-benefits and applications. 747

Table 240: Nanotechnology and nanomaterials opportunity in the medical coatings and films market-applications, stage of commercialization and estimated economic impact. 753



Table 241: Market challenges rating for nanotechnology and nanomaterials in the medical coatings and films market........................................................................................... 754

Table 242: Nanotechnology application developers in medical coatings and films. 755

Table 243: Applications in medical implants and devices, by nanomaterials type and benefits thereof........................................................................................................................ 765

Table 244: Nanotechnology and nanomaterials opportunity in medical implants and devices market-applications, stage of commercialization and estimated economic impact. 768

Table 245: Market challenges rating for nanotechnology and nanomaterials in the medical implants market........................................................................................................... 770

Table 246: Nanotechnology application developers in medical implants and devices. 770

Table 247: Applications in therapeutics, by nanomaterials type and benefits thereof. 777

Table 248: Nanotechnology and nanomaterials opportunity in the therapeutics market-applications, stage of commercialization and estimated economic impact.............. 780

Table 249: Market challenges rating for nanotechnology and nanomaterials in the therapeutics market........................................................................................................... 782

Table 250: Nanotechnology and nanomaterials application and product developers in therapeutics........................................................................................................................ 783



Table 251: Medical products incorporating nanosilver................................ 789

Table 252: Applications in wound care, by nanomaterials type and benefits thereof. 790

Table 253: Nanotechnology and nanomaterials opportunity in the wound care market-applications, stage of commercialization and estimated economic impact.............. 793

Table 254: Market challenges rating for nanotechnology and nanomaterials in the woundcare market........................................................................................................................ 794

Table 255: Nanotechnology and nanomaterials application developers in wound care. 795

Table 256: Applications in dental, by nanomaterials type and benefits thereof. 797

Table 257: Nanotechnology and nanomaterials opportunity in dental market-applications, stage of commercialization and estimated economic impact............................. 798

Table 258: Market challenges rating for nanotechnology and nanomaterials in the medical implants market........................................................................................................... 800

Table 259: Nanomaterials application and product developers in dentistry. 800

Table 260: Comparative properties of polymer composites reinforcing materials. 807

Table 261: Graphene properties relevant to application in polymer composites. 808

Table 262: Applications in polymer composites, by nanomaterials type and benefits thereof. 809



Table 263: Applications in thermal management composites, by nanomaterials type and benefits thereof........................................................................................................... 811

Table 264: Applications in ESD and EMI shielding composites, by nanomaterials type and benefits thereof........................................................................................................... 812

Table 265: Applications in rubber and elastomers, by nanomaterials type and benefits thereof. 813

Table 266: Applications in flame retardants, by nanomaterials type and benefits thereof. 814

Table 267: Nanotechnology and nanomaterials in the composites market-applications, stage of commercialization and estimated economic impact............................. 816

Table 268: Market challenges rating for nanotechnology and nanomaterials in the composites market........................................................................................................................ 819

Table 269: Nanomaterials application and product developers in composites. 820

Table 270: Applications in insulation and heating, by nanomaterials type and benefits thereof. 834

Table 271: Nanomaterials application developers in insulation and heating. 834

Table 272: Applications in exterior coatings by nanomaterials type and benefits thereof. 836

Table 273: Nanomaterials application and product developers in exterior coatings. 837

Table 274: Applications in smart windows by nanomaterials type and benefits thereof. 845



Table 275: Nanomaterials application and product developers in smart windows. 847

Table 276: Applications in VOC mitigation and filtration by nanomaterials type and benefits thereof........................................................................................................................ 848

Table 277: Nanotechnology and nanomaterials application and product developers in VOC mitigation and filtration............................................................................... 849

Table 278: Applications in cement and concrete by nanomaterials type and benefits thereof. 851

Table 279: Nanomaterials application and product developers in cement and concrete. 853

Table 280: Nanotechnology and nanomaterials in the construction, building protection and exterior coatings market-applications, stage of commercialization and estimated economic impact. 858

Table 281: Market challenges rating for nanotechnology and nanomaterials in the construction, building protection and architectural exterior coatings market........... 860

Table 282: Applications in cosmetics and sunscreens, by nanomaterials type and benefits thereof. 866

Table 283: Main titanium dioxide nanoparticles suppliers, products, primary particle size. 872

Table 284: Main zinc oxide nanoparticle suppliers, products, primary particle size. 872

Table 285: Cosmetics, personal care and sunscreen products and formulations incorporating nanoemulsions............................................................................................. 874



Table 286: Cosmetics, personal care and sunscreen products incorporating liposomes. 874

Table 287: Cosmetics, personal care and sunscreen products incorporating niosomes. 875

Table 288: Cosmetics, personal care and sunscreen products incorporating solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN)............................................................................................................... 875

Table 289: Cosmetics, personal care and sunscreen products incorporating nanostructured lipid carriers........................................................................................................... 876

Table 290: Cosmetics, personal care and sunscreen products incorporating nanocapsules & nanospheres................................................................................................. 877

Table 291: Cosmetics, personal care and sunscreen products incorporating fullerenes. 877

Table 292: Nanotechnology and nanomaterials in the cosmetics and sun care market-applications, stage of commercialization and estimated economic impact.............. 880

Table 293: Market challenges rating for nanotechnology and nanomaterials in the cosmetics and sunscreens market........................................................................................ 881

Table 294: Nanomaterials application and product developers in cosmetics and sunscreens market........................................................................................................................ 881

Table 295: Comparison of ITO replacements................................................. 891



Table 296: Applications in flexible electronics, flexible conductive films and displays, by nanomaterials type and benefits thereof........................................................................... 896

Table 297: Commercially available quantum dot display products.......... 908

Table 298: Nanotechnology and nanomaterials in the flexible electronics, conductive films and displays market-applications, stage of commercialization and estimated economic impact. 910

Table 299: Market challenges rating for nanotechnology and nanomaterials in the flexible electronics, conductive films and displays market....................................................... 917

Table 300: Nanotechnology and nanomaterials application and product developers in flexible electronics, flexible conductive films and displays................................... 917

Table 301: Comparative properties of conductive inks................................ 924

Table 302: Applications in conductive inks by nanomaterials type and benefits thereof. 926

Table 303: Opportunities for nanomaterials in printed electronics.............. 931

Table 304: Nanotechnology and nanomaterials in the conductive inks market-applications, stage of commercialization and estimated economic impact............................. 933

Table 305: Market challenges rating for nanotechnology and nanomaterials in the conductive inks market........................................................................................................... 934

Table 306: Nanomaterials application and product developers in conductive inks. 934

Table 307: Comparison of Cu, CNTs and graphene as interconnect materials. 941



Table 308: Applications in transistors, integrated circuits and other components, by nanomaterials type and benefits thereof.................................................................................... 942

Table 309: Nanotechnology and nanomaterials in the transistors, integrated circuits and other components market-applications, stage of commercialization and estimated economic impact. 946

Table 310: Market challenges rating for nanotechnology and nanomaterials in the transistors, integrated circuits and other components market.................................. 950

Table 311: Nanomaterials application and product developers in transistors, integrated circuits and other components....................................................................................... 951

Table 312: Applications in memory devices, by nanomaterials type and benefits thereof. 956

Table 313: Nanotechnology and nanomaterials in the memory devices market-applications, stage of commercialization and estimated economic impact............................. 958

Table 314: Market challenges rating for nanotechnology and nanomaterials in the memory devices market........................................................................................................... 960

Table 315: Nanotechnology and nanomaterials product and application developers in memory devices.......................................................................................................... 961

Table 316: Nanocoatings applied in the consumer electronics industry.... 967

Table 317: Nanotechnology and nanomaterials in the electronics coatings market-applications, stage of commercialization and estimated economic impact........................ 969



Table 318: Market challenges rating for nanotechnology and nanomaterials in the electronics coatings market........................................................................................................... 970

Table 319: Nanomaterials application and product developers in electronics coatings. 971

Table 320: Applications in photonics, by nanomaterials type and benefits thereof. 976

Table 321: Graphene properties relevant to application in optical modulators. 980

Table 322: Nanotechnology and nanomaterials in the photonics market-applications, stage of commercialization and estimated economic impact............................. 987

Table 323: Market challenges rating for nanotechnology and nanomaterials in the photonics market........................................................................................................................ 989

Table 324: Nanomaterials product and application developers in photonics. 990

Table 325: Types of filtration............................................................................. 996

Table 326: Applications in desalination and water filtration, by nanomaterials type and benefits thereof........................................................................................................... 998

Table 327: Applications in airborne filters, by nanomaterials type and benefits thereof. 1003

Table 328: Applications in gas separation, by nanomaterials type and benefits thereof. 1005

Table 329: Nanomaterials in the filtration and environmental remediation market-applications, stage of commercialization and estimated economic impact........................... 1006



Table 330: Market challenges rating for nanotechnology and nanomaterials in the filtration and environmental remediation market......................................................... 1009

Table 331: Nanotechnology and nanomaterials application and product developers in filtration and environmental remediation...................................................................... 1009

Table 332: Applications in food packaging, by nanomaterials type and benefits thereof. 1021

Table 333: Applications in food coatings, by nanomaterials type and benefits thereof. 1024

Table 334: Applications in food additives and supplements, by nanomaterials type and benefits thereof......................................................................................................... 1026

Table 335: Applications in agricultural production, by nanomaterials type and benefits thereof...................................................................................................................... 1027

Table 336: Food packaging products incorporating nanomaterials........ 1031

Table 337: Nanotechnology and nanomaterials in the food and agriculture market-applications, stage of commercialization and estimated economic impact...................... 1033

Table 338: Market challenges in food and agriculture............................... 1033

Table 339: Market challenges rating for nanotechnology and nanomaterials in the food and agriculture market..................................................................................... 1034

Table 340: Nanomaterials application and product developers in food and agriculture. 1035



Table 341: Applications in fuel cells, by nanomaterials type and benefits thereof. 1045

Table 342: Applications hydrogen storage, by nanomaterials type and benefits thereof. 1047

Table 343: Nanotechnology and nanomaterials in the fuel cells and hydrogen storage market-applications, stage of commercialization and estimated economic impact. 1048

Table 344: Market challenges rating for nanotechnology and nanomaterials in the fuel cells and hydrogen storage market......................................................................... 1049

Table 345: Nanomaterials application and product developers in fuel cells and hydrogen storage...................................................................................................................... 1050

Table 346: Applications in anti-microbial coatings, by nanomaterials type and benefits thereof...................................................................................................................... 1056

Table 347: Applications in anti-fingerprint nanocoatings, by nanomaterials type and benefits thereof...................................................................................................................... 1060

Table 348: Nanotechnology and nanomaterials in the household care and sanitary market-applications, stage of commercialization and estimated economic impact. 1062

Table 349: Market challenges rating for nanotechnology and nanomaterials in the household care and sanitary market.................................................................................. 1063



Table 350: Nanomaterials application and product developers in household care and sanitary...................................................................................................................... 1063

Table 351: Applications in lighting, by nanomaterials type and benefits thereof. 1074

Table 352: Nanotechnology and nanomaterials in the lighting and UVC market-applications, stage of commercialization and estimated economic impact........................... 1077

Table 353: Market challenges rating for nanotechnology and nanomaterials in the lighting and UVC market......................................................................................................... 1077

Table 354: Nanotechnology and nanomaterials application developers in lighting. 1078

Table 355: Applications in lubricants, by nanomaterials type and benefits thereof. 1083

Table 356: Nanotechnology and nanomaterials in lubricants market-applications, stage of commercialization and estimated economic impact........................... 1084

Table 357: Market challenges rating for nanotechnology and nanomaterials in the lubricants market...................................................................................................................... 1085

Table 358: Nanotechnology and nanomaterials application and product developers in lubricants...................................................................................................................... 1086

Table 359: Nanocoatings applied in the marine industry-type of coating, nanomaterials utilized and benefits....................................................................................................... 1090



Table 360: Nanotechnology and nanomaterials in the marine market-applications, stage of commercialization and estimated economic impact........................... 1092

Table 361: Market challenges rating for nanotechnology and nanomaterials in the marine market...................................................................................................................... 1093

Table 362: Nanomaterials application developers in the marine industry. 1094

Table 363: Applications in sensing and reservoir management, by nanomaterials type and benefits thereof......................................................................................................... 1102

Table 364: Applications in oil & gas exploration coatings, by nanomaterials type and benefits thereof...................................................................................................................... 1103

Table 365: Applications in oil & gas exploration drilling fluids, by nanomaterials type and benefits thereof......................................................................................................... 1104

Table 366: Applications in oil & gas exploration sorbent materials, by nanomaterials type and benefits thereof......................................................................................................... 1105

Table 367: Applications in separation, by nanomaterials type and benefits thereof. 1106

Table 368: Nanotechnology and nanomaterials in the oil and gas market-applications, stage of commercialization and estimated economic impact........................... 1109

Table 369: Market challenges rating for nanotechnology and nanomaterials in the oil and gas exploration market.................................................................................... 1110



Table 370: Nanomaterials application developers in oil & gas exploration. 1110

Table 371: Applications in packaging, by nanomaterials type and benefits thereof. 1122

Table 372: Application markets, competing materials, nanomaterials advantages and current market size in packaging....................................................................................... 1125

Table 373: Nanomaterials in the packaging market-applications, stage of commercialization and estimated economic impact.................................................................... 1128

Table 374: Market challenges rating for nanotechnology and nanomaterials in the packaging market...................................................................................................................... 1129

Table 375: Nanomaterials application developers in packaging............. 1130

Table 376: Applications in military textiles, by nanomaterials type and benefits thereof. 1138

Table 377: Applications in military equipment, by nanomaterials type and benefits thereof. 1139

Table 378: Applications in anti-counterfeiting, by nanomaterials type and benefits thereof. 1141

Table 379: Applications in security and defence sensors and detection, by nanomaterials type and benefits thereof.......................................................................................... 1142

Table 380: Applications in ballistic protection, by nanomaterials type and benefits thereof. 1144



Table 381: Nanomaterials in the security and defence market-applications, stage of commercialization and estimated economic impact........................................................... 1146

Table 382: Market challenges rating for nanotechnology and nanomaterials in the security and defence market......................................................................................... 1148

Table 383: Nanomaterials application developers in security and defence. 1148

Table 384: Graphene properties relevant to application in sensors.......... 1159

Table 385: Applications in strain sensors, by nanomaterials type and benefits thereof. 1161

Table 386: Applications in strain sensors, by nanomaterials type and benefits thereof. 1164

Table 387: Applications in biosensors, by nanomaterials type and benefits thereof. 1164

Table 388: Applications in food sensors, by nanomaterials type and benefits thereof. 1167

Table 389: Applications in image sensors, by nanomaterials type and benefits thereof. 1168

Table 390: Applications in infrared (IR) sensors, by nanomaterials type and benefits thereof. 1168

Table 391: Applications in optical sensors, by nanomaterials type and benefits thereof. 1169

Table 392: Applications in pressure sensors, by nanomaterials type and benefits thereof. 1170

Table 393: Applications in humidity sensors, by nanomaterials type and benefits thereof. 1171



Table 394: Applications in acoustic sensors, by nanomaterials type and benefits thereof. 1172

Table 395: Applications in wireless sensors, by nanomaterials type and benefits thereof. 1172

Table 396: Nanotechnology and nanomaterials in the sensors market-applications, stage of commercialization and estimated economic impact........................... 1174

Table 397: Market challenges rating for nanotechnology and nanomaterials in the sensors market...................................................................................................................... 1176

Table 398: Nanotechnology and nanomaterials application and product developers in sensors...................................................................................................................... 1176

Table 399: Applications in solar, by nanomaterials type and benefits thereof. 1186

Table 400: Applications in solar water splitting, by nanomaterials type and benefits thereof. 1191

Table 401: Applications in solar coatings, by nanomaterials type and benefits thereof. 1192

Table 402: Nanotechnology and nanomaterials in the solar market-applications, stage of commercialization and estimated economic impact........................... 1195

Table 403: Market challenges for nanomaterials in solar............................ 1197

Table 404: Market challenges rating for nanotechnology and nanomaterials in the solar market...................................................................................................................... 1197

Table 405: Nanotechnology and nanomaterials application developers in solar. 1198



Table 406: Applications in supercapacitors, by nanomaterials type and benefits thereof. 1205

Table 407: Nanotechnology and nanomaterials in the supercapacitors market-applications, stage of commercialization and estimated economic impact........................... 1207

Table 408: Market challenges rating for nanotechnology and nanomaterials in the supercapacitors market......................................................................................................... 1209

Table 409: Nanotechnology and nanomaterials application developers in supercapacitors. 1209

Table 410: Desirable functional properties for the textiles industry afforded by the use of nanomaterials...................................................................................................................... 1218

Table 411: Applications in textiles, by nanomaterials type and benefits thereof. 1221

Table 412: Nanocoatings applied in the textiles industry-type of coating, nanomaterials utilized, benefits and applications......................................................................... 1225

Table 413: Nanomaterials in the textiles market-applications, stage of commercialization and estimated economic impact.................................................................... 1233

Table 414: Market challenges rating for nanotechnology and nanomaterials in the textiles and apparel market......................................................................................................... 1234

Table 415: Nanotechnology and nanomaterials application and product developers in textiles...................................................................................................................... 1235



Table 416: Applications in tools & manufacturing, by nanomaterials type and benefits thereof. 1243

Table 417: Nanotechnology and nanomaterials in the tools and manufacturing market-applications, stage of commercialization and estimated economic impact............ 1245

Table 418: Market challenges rating for nanotechnology and nanomaterials in the tools and manufacturing market.............................................................................. 1246

Table 419: Nanomaterials application developers in tools & manufacturing. 1246

Table 420: Applications in 3D printing, by nanomaterials type and benefits thereof. 1253

Table 421: Nanotechnology and nanomaterials in the 3D printing market-applications, stage of commercialization and estimated economic impact........................... 1255

Table 422: Market challenges rating for nanotechnology and nanomaterials in the 3D printing market...................................................................................................................... 1256

Table 423: Nanomaterials application and product developers in 3D printing. 1257

Table 424: Applications in catalysts, by nanomaterials type and benefits thereof. 1261

Table 425: Nanotechnology and nanomaterials application and product developers in catalysts...................................................................................................................... 1262

Table 426: Nanomaterials application and product developers in cabling. 1264

Table 427: Nanomaterials application and product developers in sporting goods. 1267



Table 428: Applications in wind energy nanocomposites, by nanomaterials type and benefits thereof...................................................................................................................... 1271

Table 429: Applications in wind energy nanosensors, by nanomaterials type and benefits thereof...................................................................................................................... 1271

Table 430: Applications in wind energy nanocoatings, by nanomaterials type and benefits thereof...................................................................................................................... 1272

Table 431: Nanomaterials application and product developers in wind energy. 1272

Table 432: Applications in thermoelectrics, by nanomaterials type and benefits thereof. 1275

Table 433: Nanotechnology and nanomaterials application and product developers in thermoelectrics........................................................................................... 1277

FIGURES

Figure 1: National Nanotechnology (NNI) funding, 2001-2016..................... 107

Figure 2: Graphene-enabled bendable smartphone.................................. 116

Figure 3: Graphene coated solar panels in China........................................ 118



Figure 4: Nanotechnology patent applications, 1991-2015......................... 129

Figure 5: Share of nanotechnology related patent applications since 1972, by country. 130

Figure 6: Demand for aluminium oxide nanoparticles, by market.............. 137

Figure 7: Technology Readiness Level (TRL) for Aluminium Oxide Nanoparticles. 138

Figure 8: Production volumes of aluminium oxide nanoparticles (tons), 2010-2025. 140

Figure 9: Production volumes of of Aluminium Oxide Nanoparticles 2015, by region. 141

Figure 10: Demand for antimony tin oxide nanoparticles, by market......... 153

Figure 11: Technology Readiness Level (TRL) for Antimony Tin Oxide Nanoparticles. 154

Figure 12: Production volume of antimony tin oxide nanoparticles (tons), 2010-2025. 156

Figure 13: Production volumes of Antimony Tin Oxide Nanoparticles 2015, by region. 157

Figure 14: Demand for bismuth oxide nanoparticles, by market................. 168

Figure 15: Technology Readiness Level (TRL) for Bismuth Oxide Nanoparticles. 168

Figure 16: Production volume of bismuth oxide nanoparticles (tons), 2010-2025. 170

Figure 17: Production volumes of Bismuth Oxide Nanoparticles 2015, by region. 171

Figure 18: Demand for carbon nanotubes, by market................................. 184

Figure 19: Technology Readiness Level (TRL) for Carbon Nanotubes........... 187



Figure 20: Production volumes of carbon nanotubes (tons), 2010-2025..... 189

Figure 21: Production volumes of Carbon Nanotubes 2015, by region....... 190

Figure 22: Production capacities for SWNTs in kilograms, 2005-2014............ 196

Figure 23: Demand for cerium oxide nanoparticles, by market................... 211

Figure 24: Technology Readiness Level (TRL) for cerium oxide nanoparticles. 212

Figure 25: Production volumes of cerium oxide nanoparticles (tons), 2010-2025. 214

Figure 26: Production volumes of Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles 2015, by region. 215

Figure 27: Demand for cobalt oxide nanoparticles, by market................... 224

Figure 28: Technology Readiness Level (TRL) for Cobalt Oxide Nanoparticles. 225

Figure 29: Production volumes of cobalt oxide nanoparticles (tons), 2010-2025. 227

Figure 30: Production volumes of Cobalt Oxide Nanoparticles 2015, by region. 228

Figure 31: Demand for copper oxide nanoparticles by market................... 236

Figure 32: Technology Readiness Level (TRL) for copper oxide nanoparticles. 237

Figure 33: Production volumes of copper oxide nanoparticles (tons), 2010-2025. 239

Figure 34: Production volumes of copper oxide nanoparticles 2015, by region. 240

Figure 35: Dendrimer structure......................................................................... 246

Figure 36: Dendrimer schematic for application in biomedicine................. 248

Figure 37: Demand for dendrimers by market................................................ 251

Figure 38: Technology Readiness Level (TRL) for dendrimers......................... 252



Figure 39: Production volumes of dendrimers (tons), 2010-2025................... 254

Figure 40: Production volumes of dendrimers 2015, by region..................... 255

Figure 41: Demand for fullerenes, by market.................................................. 263

Figure 42: Technology Readiness Level (TRL) for fullerenes............................ 264

Figure 43: Production volume of fullerenes (tons), 2010-2025....................... 266

Figure 44: Production volumes of fullerenes 2015, by region........................ 267

Figure 45: Demand for gold nanoparticles, by market................................. 277

Figure 46: Technology Readiness Level (TRL) for gold nanoparticles............ 278

Figure 47: Production volumes of gold nanoparticles (tons), 2010-2025..... 280

Figure 48: Production volumes of gold nanoparticles 2015, by region........ 281

Figure 49: Graphene layer structure schematic............................................ 290

Figure 50: Demand for graphene, by market................................................ 300

Figure 51: Technology Readiness Level (TRL) for graphene........................... 301

Figure 52: Production volumes of graphene (tons), 2010-2025..................... 304

Figure 53: Production volumes of graphene 2015, by region....................... 305

Figure 54: Demand for iron oxide nanoparticles, by market........................ 325

Figure 55: Technology Readiness Level (TRL) for iron oxide nanoparticles... 326

Figure 56: Production volumes of iron oxide nanoparticles (tons), 2010-2025. 328

Figure 57: Production volumes of iron oxide nanoparticles 2015, by region. 329

Figure 58: Demand for magnesium oxide nanoparticles, by market.......... 338



Figure 59: Technology Readiness Level (TRL) for magnesium oxide nanoparticles. 339

Figure 60: Production volumes of magnesium oxide nanoparticles (tons), 2010-2025. 341

Figure 61: Production volumes of magnesium oxide nanoparticles 2015, by region. 342

Figure 62: Demand for manganese oxide nanoparticles, by market.......... 349

Figure 63: Technology Readiness Level (TRL) for manganese oxide nanoparticles. 350

Figure 64: Production volumes of manganese oxide nanoparticles (tons), 2010-2025. 352

Figure 65: Production volumes of manganese oxide nanoparticles 2015, by region. 353

Figure 66: Hierarchical Structure of Wood Biomass........................................ 359

Figure 67: Types of nanocellulose.................................................................... 360

Figure 68: Demand for nanocellulose, by market.......................................... 368

Figure 69: Technology Readiness Level (TRL) for nanocellulose.................... 370

Figure 70: Production volumes of nanocellulose (tons), 2010-2025.............. 372

Figure 71: Production volumes of nanocellulose 2015, by region................ 373

Figure 72: Nanoclays structure. The dimensions of a clay platelet are typically 200-1000 nm in lateral dimension and 1 nm thick.......................................................................... 384

Figure 73: TEM of montmorillonite.................................................................... 385



Figure 74: TEM of halloysite nanotubes.......................................................... 386

Figure 75: Demand for nanoclays, by market................................................ 389

Figure 76: Technology Readiness Level (TRL) for nanoclays.......................... 390

Figure 77: Production volumes of nanoclays (tons), 2010-2025.................... 392

Figure 78: Production volumes of nanoclays 2015, by region...................... 393

Figure 79: Demand for nanodiamonds, by market....................................... 404

Figure 80: Technology Readiness Level (TRL) for nanodiamonds.................. 405

Figure 81: Production volumes of nanodiamonds, 2010-2025...................... 406

Figure 82: Production volumes of nanodiamonds 2015, by region.............. 407

Figure 83: Demand for nanofibers, by market................................................ 414

Figure 84: Production volumes of nanofibers (tons), 2010-2025.................... 416

Figure 85: Production volumes of nanofibers 2015, by region...................... 416

Figure 86: Technology Readiness Level (TRL) for nanofibers.......................... 417

Figure 87: Supply chain for nanosilver products............................................ 426

Figure 88: Demand for nanosilver, by market................................................ 429

Figure 89: Production volumes of nanosilver (tons), 2010-2025..................... 432

Figure 90: Production volumes of nanosilver 2015, by region....................... 433

Figure 91: Demand for nanowires, by market................................................ 442

Figure 92: Technology Readiness Level (TRL) for nanowires........................... 443

Figure 93: Production volumes of nanowires 2015, by region....................... 444



Figure 95: Technology Readiness Level (TRL) for nickel nanoparticles......... 451

Figure 96: Production volumes of nickel nanoparticle (tons), 2010-2025.... 452

Figure 97: Global consumption of nickel nanoparticles 2015, by region.... 453

Figure 98: Quantum dot................................................................................... 457

Figure 99: The light-blue curve represents a typical spectrum from a conventional white-LED LCD TV. With quantum dots, the spectrum is tunable to any colours of red, green, and blue, and each Color is limited to a narrow band......................................................................... 458

Figure 100: Demand for quantum dots, by market....................................... 466

Figure 101: Technology Readiness Level (TRL) for quantum dots.................. 467

Figure 102: Total QD revenues 2013-2025 ($M), conservative and optimistic estimates. 469

Figure 103: Production volumes of quantum dots 2015, by region.............. 470

Figure 104: Demand for silicon oxide nanoparticles, by market.................. 482

Figure 105: Technology Readiness Level (TRL) for silicon oxide nanoparticles. 483

Figure 106: Production volumes of silicon oxide nanoparticles (tons), 2010-2025. 485

Figure 107: Production volumes of silicon oxide nanoparticles 2015, by region. 486

Figure 108: Demand for titanium dioxide nanoparticles, by market........... 500

Figure 109: Technology Readiness Level (TRL) for Titanium Oxide Nanoparticles. 501

Figure 110: Production volumes of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (tons), conservative and optimistic estimates....................................................................................................... 503



Figure 111: Production volumes of titanium dioxide nanoparticles 2015, by region. 504

Figure 112: Demand for zinc oxide nanoparticles, by market...................... 516

Figure 113: Production volumes of zinc oxide nanoparticles (tons), 2010-2025. 519

Figure 114: Production volumes of zinc oxide nanoparticles 2015, by region. 520

Figure 115: Demand for zirconium oxide nanoparticles, by market............ 533

Figure 116: Production volumes of zirconium oxide nanoparticles (tons), 2010-2025. 536

Figure 117: Production volumes of zirconium oxide nanoparticles 2015, by region. 537

Figure 118: Applications of yttrium oxide nanoparticles............................... 555

Figure 119: TEM image of carbon onion......................................................... 558

Figure 120: Black phosphorus structure........................................................... 562

Figure 121: Structural difference between graphene and C2N-h2D crystal: (a) graphene; (b) C2N-h2D crystal............................................................................................................ 566

Figure 122: Schematic of germanene............................................................. 570

Figure 123: Graphdiyne structure.................................................................... 573

Figure 124: Schematic of Graphane crystal................................................... 576

Figure 125: Structure of hexagonal boron nitride.......................................... 579

Figure 126: Structure of 2D molybdenum disulfide........................................ 582

Figure 127: Atomic force microscopy image of a representative MoS2 thin-film transistor. 583



Figure 128: Schematic of the molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) thin-film sensor with the deposited molecules that create additional charge................................................ 586

Figure 129: Schematic of a monolayer of rhenium disulphide..................... 587

Figure 130: Silicene structure............................................................................ 589

Figure 131: Monolayer silicene on a silver (111) substrate............................. 590

Figure 132: Silicene transistor............................................................................ 593

Figure 133: Crystal structure for stanene......................................................... 594

Figure 134: Atomic structure model for the 2D stanene on Bi2Te3(111)....... 595

Figure 135: Schematic of tungsten diselenide............................................... 596

Figure 136: Nanomaterials-based automotive components........................ 633

Figure 137: The Tesla S's touchscreen interface.............................................. 634

Figure 138: Energy densities and specific energy of rechargeable batteries. 664

Figure 139: Nanoparticles and their application in theranostics................. 776

Figure 140: Tokyo Station GranRoof. The titanium dioxide coating ensures long-lasting whiteness. 856

Figure 141: Global market segmentation for cosmetics, personal care and sunscreen products incorporating nanomaterials, by market sub-sector, 2015...................... 879

Figure 142: Global touch panel market ($ million), 2011-2018..................... 902

Figure 143: Capacitive touch panel market forecast by layer structure (Ksqm). 903

Figure 144: Global transparent conductive film market forecast (million $). 904

Figure 145: Global transparent conductive film market forecast by materials type, 2015, % 905



Figure 146: Global transparent conductive film market forecast by materials type, 2020, % 906

Figure 147: Global market for smart wearables (Millions US$)....................... 907

Figure 148: QD-LCD supply chain.................................................................... 910

Figure 149: Schematic of the wet roll-to-roll graphene transfer from copper foils to polymeric substrates........................................................................................................................ 914

Figure 150: The transmittance of glass/ITO, glass/ITO/four organic layers, and glass/ITO/four organic layers/4-layer graphene.............................................................................. 916

Figure 151: Global market for conductive inks and pastes in printed electronics. 931

Figure 152: Transistor architecture trend chart............................................... 939

Figure 153: CMOS Technology Roadmap...................................................... 940

Figure 154: Emerging logic devices................................................................. 946

Figure 155: Phone coated in WaterBlock submerged in water tank........... 964

Figure 156: Hybrid graphene phototransistors................................................ 982

Figure 157: Wearable health monitor incorporating graphene photodetectors. 983

Figure 158: Schematic of QD laser device...................................................... 986

Table of contents€¦ · The Nanotechnology and Nanomaterials Global Opportunity Report © Future...

Documents

Transcript of Table of contents€¦ · The Nanotechnology and Nanomaterials Global Opportunity Report © Future...