TABLE OF CONTENTS€¦ · table of contents chapter 1 design standard policies and processes 1.1...

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER 1 DESIGN STANDARD POLICIES AND PROCESSES

1.1 INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................................... 1-1

1.2 PRACTICAL DESIGN .................................................................................................................. 1-2

1.2.1 General ............................................................................................................................. 1-2 1.2.2 Practical Design Goals ................................................................................................... 1-2 1.2.3 Practical Design Values, “SCOPE” .............................................................................. 1-2

1.3 DESIGN STANDARD POLICY .................................................................................................. 1-4

1.3.1 Policy Background ......................................................................................................... 1-4

1.3.1.1 Standards Background ................................................................................. 1-5 1.3.1.2 Local Agency Guidelines ............................................................................. 1-5 1.3.1.3 Project Delivery ............................................................................................. 1-5 1.3.1.4 Plans And Programs .................................................................................... 1-5

1.3.2 Design Standards Identification ................................................................................... 1-8

1.3.2.1 General ........................................................................................................... 1-8 1.3.2.2 ODOT 4R/New Design Standard .............................................................. 1-8 1.3.2.3 AASHTO Design Standards ........................................................................ 1-9 1.3.2.4 ODOT 3R Design Standards .................................................................... 1-10 1.3.2.5 ODOT 1R Standard .................................................................................... 1-11 1.3.2.6 Single Function (SF) Standard .................................................................. 1-12

1.4 PROJECT DELIVERY PROCESS .............................................................................................. 1-13

1.4.1 Practical Design in Project Delivery (Project Development) .................................. 1-13

1.4.1.1 Project Delivery Life-Cycle-Critical Decisions Points ........................... 1-13 1.4.1.2 Project Charters ........................................................................................... 1-14

1.4.2 Project Types ................................................................................................................. 1-14

1.4.2.1 General ......................................................................................................... 1-14 1.4.2.2 Modernization ............................................................................................. 1-15 1.4.2.3 Preservation ................................................................................................. 1-16 1.4.2.4 Preventive Maintenance ............................................................................ 1-16 1.4.2.5 Routine Maintenance ................................................................................. 1-16 1.4.2.6 Bridge ........................................................................................................... 1-17 1.4.2.7 Safety ............................................................................................................ 1-17

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2012 ODOT Highway Design Manual Table Of Contents

1.4.2.8 Operations ................................................................................................... 1-19 1.4.2.9 Miscellaneous/Special Programs ............................................................ 1-19 1.4.2.10 Single Function........................................................................................... 1-19

1.4.3 Design Standard Selection .......................................................................................... 1-22 1.4.4 Additional References ................................................................................................. 1-24

1.4.4.1 AASHTO References .................................................................................. 1-24 1.4.4.2 Other References (available from other sources-Not all inclusive): .... 1-24

1.5 ODOT 3R DESIGN PROCESS (FREEWAY, URBAN AND RURAL NON-FREEWAY) .. 1-25

1.5.1 General ........................................................................................................................... 1-25 1.5.2 3R Design criteria ......................................................................................................... 1-25

1.5.2.1 Background.................................................................................................. 1-25 1.5.2.2 Purpose ........................................................................................................ 1-26 1.5.2.3 Applicability ................................................................................................ 1-26 1.5.2.4 Project Scoping ............................................................................................ 1-27 1.5.2.5 Roadside Inventory .................................................................................... 1-30

1.5.3 3R Design Process - Freeway ...................................................................................... 1-30 1.5.4 3R Design Processes - Urban And Rual Non - Freeway ......................................... 1-31

1.5.4.1 Urban Preservation Strategy ..................................................................... 1-31

1.6 EMERGENCY RELIEF PROGRAM-BETTERMENTS ........................................................... 1-33

1.6.1 General ........................................................................................................................... 1-33 1.6.2 Definition ....................................................................................................................... 1-33 1.6.3 Policy .............................................................................................................................. 1-33 1.6.4 Examples Of Betterments ............................................................................................ 1-34 1.6.5 Approval Requests ....................................................................................................... 1-35

CHAPTER 2 DESIGN CONTROLS AND CRITERIA

2.1 INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................................... 2-1

2.2 TRAFFIC CHARACTERISTICS .................................................................................................. 2-2

2.3 ACCOMMODATION AND DESIGN FOR PEDESTRIANS AND BICYCLISTS ................ 2-3

2.3.1 Design Principles For Pedestrians ............................................................................... 2-4 2.3.2 Design Principles For Bicyclists ................................................................................... 2-4

2.4 DESIGN VEHICLES ..................................................................................................................... 2-6

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2.5 DESIGN SPEED ............................................................................................................................ 2-7

2.5.1 85th Percentile Speed ..................................................................................................... 2-8 2.5.2 Selecting Project Design Speed ..................................................................................... 2-8

2.6 ACCESS MANAGEMENT .......................................................................................................... 2-9

2.6.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................... 2-9 2.6.2 Design Tools .................................................................................................................. 2-10

2.6.2.1 Right In – Right Out Only ......................................................................... 2-10 2.6.2.2 Right In – Right Out with Left In.............................................................. 2-12 2.6.2.3 Opposing approaches with Left In ........................................................... 2-14 2.6.2.4 Offset Approaches ...................................................................................... 2-17 2.6.2.5 Frontage Roads ........................................................................................... 2-17 2.6.2.6 U-Turns ........................................................................................................ 2-17 2.6.2.7 Indirect Left Turns ...................................................................................... 2-18

2.6.3 Management Tools ....................................................................................................... 2-22

2.6.3.1 Access Control ............................................................................................. 2-22 2.6.3.2 Grants of Access .......................................................................................... 2-22 2.6.3.3 Access Management Plans ........................................................................ 2-22 2.6.3.4 ODOT Permit Process ................................................................................ 2-22

CHAPTER 3 ELEMENTS OF DESIGN

3.1 INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................................... 3-1

3.2 SIGHT DISTANCE ....................................................................................................................... 3-2

3.2.1 General ............................................................................................................................. 3-2 3.2.2 Stopping Sight Distance ................................................................................................ 3-2 3.2.3 Decision Sight Distance ................................................................................................. 3-4 3.2.4 Intersection Sight Distance ............................................................................................ 3-4 3.2.5 Passing Sight Distance ................................................................................................... 3-5

3.3 HORIZONTAL & VERTICAL ALIGNMENT .......................................................................... 3-6

3.3.1 Horizontal Alignment ................................................................................................... 3-6

3.3.1.1 General ........................................................................................................... 3-6 3.3.1.2 Horizontal Curves ........................................................................................ 3-6

3.3.2 Vertical Alignment ....................................................................................................... 3-20 3.3.3 Combined Horizontal And Vertical Alignment ...................................................... 3-23 3.3.4 Grades ............................................................................................................................ 3-23

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CHAPTER 4 CROSS SECTION ELEMENTS

4.1 INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................................... 4-1

4.2 CROSS SECTION .......................................................................................................................... 4-2

4.2.1 Roadway .......................................................................................................................... 4-2 4.2.2 Cross Slope ...................................................................................................................... 4-2 4.2.3 Safety Edge ...................................................................................................................... 4-3 4.2.4 Curbs and Their Location ............................................................................................. 4-3 4.2.5 Roadside Barriers ........................................................................................................... 4-4 4.2.6 Roadside Trees ................................................................................................................ 4-5 4.2.7 Ditches ............................................................................................................................. 4-8 4.2.8 Earthwork ........................................................................................................................ 4-8 4.2.9 Rounding Cutbanks ....................................................................................................... 4-9

4.3 MEDIAN DESIGN (NON-FREEWAY) ................................................................................... 4-11

4.3.1 General ........................................................................................................................... 4-11 4.3.2 Continuous Two Way Left Turn Lanes ..................................................................... 4-11 4.3.3 Painted Medians ........................................................................................................... 4-13 4.3.4 Non-Traversable Medians........................................................................................... 4-13

4.3.4.1 Raised Medians ........................................................................................... 4-13 4.3.4.2 Raised Median Design Standards ............................................................ 4-14

4.4 TRAFFIC CONTROL ................................................................................................................. 4-23

4.5 CLEARANCES ............................................................................................................................ 4-24

4.5.1 Vertical Cleazrance - Highways ................................................................................. 4-24

4.5.1.1 Vertical Clearances for Local Jurisdiction Roads ................................... 4-25

4.5.2 Vertical Clearance – Railroads .................................................................................... 4-25 4.5.3 Clear zone ...................................................................................................................... 4-25

4.6 GUARDRAIL AND CONCRETE BARRIER ........................................................................... 4-32

4.6.1 General ........................................................................................................................... 4-32 4.6.2 Barrier Systems On Retaining Walls .......................................................................... 4-32 4.6.3 Concrete Barrier and Bridge Columns ...................................................................... 4-33 4.6.4 Tall Precast Concrete Barrier ...................................................................................... 4-34 4.6.5 Overlays and Concrete Median Barrier Vertical Face ............................................. 4-34 4.6.6 Concrete Barrier End Treatment ................................................................................ 4-34 4.6.7 Concrete Barrier Upgrades ......................................................................................... 4-34 4.6.8 Guardrail Upgrades ..................................................................................................... 4-35

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4.6.9 Guardrail and Length of Need ................................................................................... 4-35 4.6.10 Guardrail Terminals ..................................................................................................... 4-36 4.6.11 Design Criteria .............................................................................................................. 4-37

4.6.11.1 Energy- Absorbing vs. Non energy- Absorbing ..................................... 4-37 4.6.11.2 Establishment Of Variable-Sized Recovery Areas ................................. 4-37 4.6.11.3 Widen Post To Hinge-Point Dimension .................................................. 4-38 4.6.11.4 Terminating Construction Of The 8-Foot Flare ...................................... 4-38

4.6.12 Cable Barrier ................................................................................................................. 4-38

4.6.12.1 For Median Use ........................................................................................... 4-38 4.6.12.2 For Shoulder Use ........................................................................................ 4-39

4.7 DRAINAGE ................................................................................................................................. 4-40

4.7.1 General ........................................................................................................................... 4-40 4.7.2 Longitudinal Slope ....................................................................................................... 4-40 4.7.3 Selection of Inlets .......................................................................................................... 4-40 4.7.4 StormWater Management ........................................................................................... 4-41

4.8 MISCELLANEOUS .................................................................................................................... 4-42

4.8.1 Fences ............................................................................................................................. 4-42

4.8.1.1 Right Of Way Fence .................................................................................... 4-42 4.8.1.2 Chain Link Fence ........................................................................................ 4-42 4.8.1.3 Snow Control ............................................................................................... 4-42

4.8.2 Passing Lanes ................................................................................................................ 4-44 4.8.3 Climbing Lanes ............................................................................................................. 4-45 4.8.4 Stopping Lanes At RR Crossings ............................................................................... 4-46 4.8.5 Stock And Equipment Passes ..................................................................................... 4-46 4.8.6 Rumble Strips ................................................................................................................ 4-46

CHAPTER 5 URBAN & RURAL FREEWAY DESIGN

5.1 INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................................... 5-1

5.2 ODOT 4R FREEWAY DESIGN STANDARDS ......................................................................... 5-2

5.2.1 Design Speed................................................................................................................... 5-2 5.2.2 Alignment and Profile ................................................................................................... 5-3 5.2.3 Shoulders ......................................................................................................................... 5-3 5.2.4 Lane Widths and Cross Slope ....................................................................................... 5-4 5.2.5 Curbs ................................................................................................................................ 5-4 5.2.6 Superelevation ................................................................................................................ 5-4

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5.2.7 Grades .............................................................................................................................. 5-5 5.2.8 Vertical Clearance .......................................................................................................... 5-5 5.2.9 Medians ........................................................................................................................... 5-6

5.2.9.1 Freeway Median Barrier Warrant .............................................................. 5-6

5.2.10 Clear Zone ....................................................................................................................... 5-8 5.2.11 Safety Rest Areas ............................................................................................................ 5-8 5.2.12 Emergency/Truck Escape Ramps................................................................................ 5-9 5.2.13 Truck Weigh Stations ..................................................................................................... 5-9 5.2.14 Chain-up And Brake Check Areas ............................................................................... 5-9

5.3 ODOT 3R FREEWAY DESIGN STANDARDS ....................................................................... 5-13

5.3.1 Design Speed................................................................................................................. 5-13 5.3.2 Sight Distance ............................................................................................................... 5-14 5.3.3 Curvature and Superelevation ................................................................................... 5-14 5.3.4 Lane Width .................................................................................................................... 5-14 5.3.5 Shoulders ....................................................................................................................... 5-14 5.3.6 Medians ......................................................................................................................... 5-14 5.3.7 Grades ............................................................................................................................ 5-15

5.3.7.1 Maximum Grades ....................................................................................... 5-15

5.3.8 Vertical Clearance ........................................................................................................ 5-15 5.3.9 Structure Cross Section ................................................................................................ 5-16 5.3.10 Bridges To Remain in Place ........................................................................................ 5-16 5.3.11 Tunnels .......................................................................................................................... 5-16

5.4 ODOT 1R FREEWAY DESIGN PROJECTS ............................................................................ 5-19

5.4.1 General ........................................................................................................................... 5-19 5.4.2 Resurfacing (1R) Project Standards ........................................................................... 5-19

5.4.2.1 Criteria to apply the 1R standard ............................................................. 5-20

5.5 ODOT SINGLE FUNCTION (SF) FREEWAY PROJECTS .................................................... 5-25

5.5.1 General ........................................................................................................................... 5-25 5.5.2 Application of Single Function (SF) Project Standards ................................................. 5-25

5.6 INTERCHANGE SPACING - ACCESS MANAGEMENT ................................................... 5-26

5.6.1 Interchange Area Access Spacing .............................................................................. 5-27 5.6.2 Interchange Area Management Plans (IAMPs) ....................................................... 5-27

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CHAPTER 6 URBAN HIGHWAY DESIGN (NON-FREEWAY)

6.1 INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................................... 6-1

6.1.1 Urban Expressways ....................................................................................................... 6-1 6.1.2 Urban Arterials ............................................................................................................... 6-2

6.1.2.1 1999 OHP Highway Segment Designations ............................................. 6-3 6.1.2.2 Non-Designated Urban Highways ............................................................ 6-3 6.1.2.3 Other OHP Special Overlays ....................................................................... 6-4 6.1.2.4 Role of Planning Documents and Design Criteria ................................... 6-5 6.1.2.5 Transitions ..................................................................................................... 6-7 6.1.2.6 Other Design Resources ............................................................................... 6-8

6.2 ODOT 4R/NEW URBAN DESIGN STANDARDS .................................................................. 6-9

6.2.1 Expressways .................................................................................................................... 6-9

6.2.1.1 Design Speed ................................................................................................. 6-9 6.2.1.2 Pedestrians ..................................................................................................... 6-9 6.2.1.3 Shoulders and Bike Lanes ......................................................................... 6-10 6.2.1.4 Parking ......................................................................................................... 6-11 6.2.1.5 Access Management ................................................................................... 6-11 6.2.1.6 Median ......................................................................................................... 6-11 6.2.1.7 Lane Widths................................................................................................. 6-14 6.2.1.8 Intersections And Interchanges ................................................................ 6-14 6.2.1.9 Design Exceptions ...................................................................................... 6-14

6.2.2 Special Transportation Areas (STAs)......................................................................... 6-16

6.2.2.1 General Design Concepts .......................................................................... 6-16 6.2.2.2 Pedestrian .................................................................................................... 6-19 6.2.2.3 Shoulders/Bike Lanes ................................................................................ 6-20 6.2.2.4 Parallel Parking ........................................................................................... 6-21 6.2.2.5 Diagonal Parking ........................................................................................ 6-21 6.2.2.6 Access Management ................................................................................... 6-22 6.2.2.7 Medians ........................................................................................................ 6-22 6.2.2.8 Lane Widths................................................................................................. 6-23 6.2.2.9 Traffic Calming ........................................................................................... 6-24 6.2.2.10 Exceptions in STA Designations ............................................................... 6-26

6.2.3 Urban Business Areas (UBAs) .................................................................................... 6-29

6.2.3.1 General Design ............................................................................................ 6-29 6.2.3.2 Pedestrians ................................................................................................... 6-31 6.2.3.3 Shoulders/Bike Lanes ................................................................................ 6-31 6.2.3.4 Parking ......................................................................................................... 6-32 6.2.3.5 Access Management ................................................................................... 6-32

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6.2.3.6 Medians ........................................................................................................ 6-33 6.2.3.7 Lane Widths................................................................................................. 6-33 6.2.3.8 Design Exceptions ...................................................................................... 6-34

6.2.4 Commercial Centers (CCs) .......................................................................................... 6-37

6.2.4.1 General Design ............................................................................................ 6-37

6.2.5 Oregon Highway Plan Special Overlays................................................................... 6-39

6.2.5.1 Freight Route ............................................................................................... 6-39 6.2.5.2 Lifeline Route .............................................................................................. 6-40 6.2.5.3 Scenic Byway Policy ................................................................................... 6-40

6.3 NON-DESIGNATED URBAN HIGHWAY ............................................................................ 6-42

6.3.1 Urban Fringe/Suburban Areas .................................................................................. 6-43

6.3.1.1 General Design ............................................................................................ 6-43 6.3.1.2 Pedestrian .................................................................................................... 6-44 6.3.1.3 Shoulders/Bike Lanes ................................................................................ 6-44 6.3.1.4 Parking ......................................................................................................... 6-45 6.3.1.5 Access Management ................................................................................... 6-45 6.3.1.6 Medians ........................................................................................................ 6-45 6.3.1.7 Lane Widths................................................................................................. 6-46 6.3.1.8 Design Exceptions ...................................................................................... 6-46

6.3.2 Developed Areas .......................................................................................................... 6-49

6.3.2.1 General Design ............................................................................................ 6-49 6.3.2.2 ODOT 4R/New Urban Design Standards – Developed Areas ............ 6-49

6.3.3 Traditional Downtown/Central Business District .................................................. 6-49

6.3.3.1 General Design ............................................................................................ 6-49 6.3.3.2 Pedestrian .................................................................................................... 6-49 6.3.3.3 Shoulders/Bike Lanes ................................................................................ 6-50 6.3.3.4 Parking ......................................................................................................... 6-51 6.3.3.5 Access Management ................................................................................... 6-51 6.3.3.6 Medians ........................................................................................................ 6-51 6.3.3.7 Lane Widths................................................................................................. 6-52 6.3.3.8 Mobility Standards ..................................................................................... 6-53 6.3.3.9 Traffic Calming ........................................................................................... 6-53 6.3.3.10 Design Exceptions ...................................................................................... 6-53

6.4 ODOT 3R URBAN (NON-FREEWAY) DESIGN STANDARDS ......................................... 6-57

6.4.1 General Design ............................................................................................................. 6-57 6.4.2 Design Standards .......................................................................................................... 6-57 6.4.3 Roadway Widths .......................................................................................................... 6-57

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6.4.4 Horizontal Curvature and Superelevation ............................................................... 6-59 6.4.5 Vertical Curvature and Stopping Sight Distance ..................................................... 6-59 6.4.6 Vertical Clearance ........................................................................................................ 6-59 6.4.7 Bridge Width ................................................................................................................. 6-60 6.4.8 Pavement Design and Cross Slope ............................................................................ 6-60 6.4.9 Sideslopes and Clear Zone .......................................................................................... 6-61 6.4.10 Mandatory 3R Design Features .................................................................................. 6-62 6.4.11 Low-Cost Safety Mitigation Measures ...................................................................... 6-63 6.4.12 3R Urban Preservation Strategy ................................................................................. 6-64

6.5 ODOT 1R URBAN (NON-FREEWAY) DESIGN STANDARDS ......................................... 6-69


6.5.2.1 CRITERIA TO APPLY THE 1R STANDARD ....................................... 6-70

6.6 ODOT SINGLE FUNCTION (SF) URBAN (NON-FREEWAY) DESIGN STANDARDS . 6-75

6.6.1 General ........................................................................................................................... 6-75 6.6.2 Application of Single Function (SF) Project Standards ........................................... 6-75

CHAPTER 7 RURAL HIGHWAY DESIGN (NON-FREEWAY)

7.1 INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................................... 7-1

7.2 ODOT 4R/NEW RURAL EXPRESSWAY DESIGN STANDARDS ....................................... 7-2

7.2.1 General ............................................................................................................................. 7-2 7.2.2 Design Considerations ................................................................................................... 7-4

7.2.2.1 Design Speed ................................................................................................. 7-4 7.2.2.2 Grades ............................................................................................................ 7-4 7.2.2.3 Lanes ............................................................................................................... 7-4 7.2.2.4 Shoulders ....................................................................................................... 7-4 7.2.2.5 Medians .......................................................................................................... 7-5 7.2.2.6 Access Control ............................................................................................... 7-6 7.2.2.7 Intersections And Interchanges .................................................................. 7-6 7.2.2.8 Deceleration & Acceleration Lanes ............................................................ 7-7

7.3 ODOT 4R/NEW RURAL ARTERIAL DESIGN STANDARDS ............................................. 7-8

7.3.1 General ............................................................................................................................. 7-8 7.3.2 Design Considerations ................................................................................................. 7-10

7.3.2.1 Design Speed ............................................................................................... 7-10 7.3.2.2 Grades .......................................................................................................... 7-10

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7.3.2.3 Travel Lanes and Lane Width ................................................................... 7-10 7.3.2.4 Shoulders ..................................................................................................... 7-11 7.3.2.5 Medians ........................................................................................................ 7-11 7.3.2.6 Roadside Design ......................................................................................... 7-14 7.3.2.7 Left Turn Lanes ........................................................................................... 7-14 7.3.2.8 Right Turn Lanes ........................................................................................ 7-15 7.3.2.9 Emergency/Truck Escape Ramps ............................................................ 7-15 7.3.2.10 Truck Weigh Stations ................................................................................. 7-15 7.3.2.11 Access Management ................................................................................... 7-15

7.3.3 Special Design Considerations ................................................................................... 7-16

7.3.3.1 Scenic Byways ............................................................................................. 7-16 7.3.3.2 Rural Communities .................................................................................... 7-16

7.4 ODOT 4R / NEW RURAL COLLECTOR DESIGN STANDARDS ..................................... 7-18

7.5 ODOT 4R/NEW LOCAL ROUTE DESIGN STANDARDS ................................................. 7-19

7.6 ODOT 3R RURAL (NON-FREEWAY HIGHWAYS) DESIGN STANDARDS .................. 7-20

7.6.1 General ........................................................................................................................... 7-20 7.6.2 Roadway Widths .......................................................................................................... 7-21 7.6.3 Horizontal Curvature and Superelevation ............................................................... 7-21 7.6.4 Vertical Curvature and Stopping Sight Distance ..................................................... 7-21 7.6.5 Vertical Clearance ........................................................................................................ 7-22

7.6.5.1 Bridge Width ............................................................................................... 7-22 7.6.5.2 Pavement Design and Cross Slope ........................................................... 7-23 7.6.5.3 Sideslopes and Clear Zone ........................................................................ 7-23 7.6.5.4 Mandatory 3R Design Features ................................................................ 7-24 7.6.5.5 Low-Cost Safety Mitigation Measures .................................................... 7-24

7.7 ODOT 1R RURAL (NON-FREEWAY) DESIGN STANDARDS .......................................... 7-26


7.7.2.1 Criteria to apply The 1R standard ............................................................ 7-27

7.8 ODOT SINGLE FUNCTION (SF) RURAL (NON-FREEWAY) DESIGN STANDARDS . 7-31

7.8.1 General ........................................................................................................................... 7-31 7.8.2 Application of Single Function (SF) Project Standards ........................................... 7-31

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CHAPTER 8 INTERSECTIONS

INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................................... 8-1 8.1

ROAD APPROACHES................................................................................................................. 8-1 8.2

General ............................................................................................................................. 8-1 8.2.1 Design Requirements for Private Road Approaches ................................................ 8-2 8.2.2

Legal Considerations for Road Approaches ............................................. 8-7 8.2.2.1

GENERAL INTERSECTION DESIGN....................................................................................... 8-9 8.3

General Design Consderations ..................................................................................... 8-9 8.3.1 Approach Grades ........................................................................................................... 8-9 8.3.2 Travel Lane Widths ...................................................................................................... 8-14 8.3.3 Travel Lane Alignment ................................................................................................ 8-14 8.3.4 Shoulder Widths ........................................................................................................... 8-15 8.3.5 Intersections on Curves and Superelevation ............................................................ 8-17 8.3.6 Skew Angles .................................................................................................................. 8-18 8.3.7 Turning Radii ................................................................................................................ 8-19 8.3.8 Left Turn Lanes ............................................................................................................. 8-20 8.3.9

Right Turn Lanes .......................................................................................................... 8-24 8.3.10 At-Grade Right Turn Acceleration Lanes ................................................................. 8-25 8.3.11 Median Acceleration Lanes ......................................................................................... 8-28 8.3.12 Left Turn Add Lanes .................................................................................................... 8-33 8.3.13 Channelization Islands ................................................................................................ 8-33 8.3.14 Curb Extensions ............................................................................................................ 8-35 8.3.15 Bicycle And Pedestrian Needs ................................................................................... 8-37 8.3.16 Intersection Design Affecting Pedestrians ................................................................ 8-37 8.3.17

Excessive Skews .......................................................................................... 8-37 8.3.17.1 Long Crosswalks ......................................................................................... 8-38 8.3.17.2 Island Geometry ......................................................................................... 8-39 8.3.17.3 Corner Radii ................................................................................................ 8-40 8.3.17.4 Crosswalk And Ramp Placement ............................................................. 8-40 8.3.17.5 Curb Ramps - Placement and Number.................................................... 8-41 8.3.17.6 Signal Pole Placement ................................................................................ 8-42 8.3.17.7 Free-Flow Acceleration (Add) Lanes ....................................................... 8-43 8.3.17.8

SIGNALIZED INTERSECTIONS ............................................................................................. 8-44 8.4

Left Turn Lanes ............................................................................................................. 8-44 8.4.1 Right Turn Lanes .......................................................................................................... 8-47 8.4.2 Bicycle and Pedestrian Needs..................................................................................... 8-48 8.4.3

UNSIGNALIZED INTERSECTIONS ....................................................................................... 8-49 8.5

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Left Turn Lanes ............................................................................................................. 8-49 8.5.1 Right Turn Lanes .......................................................................................................... 8-49 8.5.2 Bicycle and Pedestrian Needs..................................................................................... 8-49 8.5.3

MODERN ROUNDABOUTS .................................................................................................... 8-51 8.6

General ........................................................................................................................... 8-51 8.6.1 Overview ....................................................................................................................... 8-52 8.6.2 Roundabout Selection Criteria and Approval Process ................................................. 8-54 8.6.3 Design Considerations ................................................................................................. 8-58 8.6.4

Design Vehicle ............................................................................................. 8-58 8.6.4.1 Design Speed and Target Speed ............................................................... 8-60 8.6.4.2 Inscribed Circle and Central Island ......................................................... 8-64 8.6.4.3 Entry/Exit Geometry and Layout ............................................................ 8-71 8.6.4.4

Multi-Lane Roundabouts ............................................................................................ 8-84 8.6.5

Multi-lane Roundabout Configuration.................................................... 8-84 8.6.5.1 Path Overlap ................................................................................................ 8-88 8.6.5.2 Large Vehicle Accommodation ................................................................ 8-90 8.6.5.3

Multi-Modal Road Users ............................................................................................. 8-91 8.6.6

Pedestrians ................................................................................................... 8-91 8.6.6.1 Bicyclists ....................................................................................................... 8-93 8.6.6.2 Transit Considerations ............................................................................... 8-95 8.6.6.3 Trucks in Roundabouts .............................................................................. 8-96 8.6.6.4

CHAPTER 9 GRADE SEPARATIONS & INTERCHANGES

9.1 GENERAL INFORMATION ....................................................................................................... 9-1

9.1.1 Warrants for Interchanges and Grade Separations ................................................... 9-1 9.1.2 Interchange Spacing ....................................................................................................... 9-2 9.1.3 Access Control at Interchanges .................................................................................... 9-3 9.1.4 Traffic Studies ................................................................................................................. 9-4 9.1.5 Design Reviews and Approvals ................................................................................... 9-4 9.1.6 Standard Interchange Layout Sheets ........................................................................... 9-4

9.2 INTERCHANGE TYPES AND FORMS .................................................................................... 9-6

9.3 GUIDING PRINCIPLES FOR INTERCHANGES .................................................................. 9-14

9.3.1 Route Continuity .......................................................................................................... 9-14 9.3.2 Basic Number of Lanes ................................................................................................ 9-14 9.3.3 Lane Balance ................................................................................................................. 9-17

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9.3.4 Weaving Sections ......................................................................................................... 9-17 9.3.5 Auxiliary Lanes ............................................................................................................ 9-18 9.3.6 Collector-Distributor (C-D) Roads ............................................................................. 9-18 9.3.7 Grade Separation Structure Considerations ............................................................. 9-19

9.4 COMMON ELEMENTS FOR INTERCHANGE DESIGN AND PLANNING ............................ 9-21

9.5 INTERCHANGE GEOMETRIC DESIGN ............................................................................... 9-22

9.5.1 Crossroad Design ......................................................................................................... 9-22 9.5.2 Ramp Design ................................................................................................................. 9-22 9.5.3 Design Speed................................................................................................................. 9-26 9.5.4 Speed Change Lanes .................................................................................................... 9-27 9.5.5 Horizontal Alignment ................................................................................................. 9-32 9.5.6 Vertical Alignment ....................................................................................................... 9-36 9.5.7 Superelevation .............................................................................................................. 9-37 9.5.8 Ramp Terminal Curves ............................................................................................... 9-37

9.5.8.1 Ramp Terminal Intersections .................................................................... 9-38

9.5.9 Ramp Meters ................................................................................................................. 9-44

9.6 RAMP TYPICAL SECTIONS .................................................................................................... 9-46

9.7 LOOP RAMPS ............................................................................................................................. 9-49

9.8 FRONTAGE ROADS AND OUTER SEPARATIONS ........................................................... 9-52

9.9 SAFETY REST AREAS ............................................................................................................... 9-53

9.10 NON-FREEWAY INTERCHANGE DESIGN ......................................................................... 9-54

9.10.1 General ........................................................................................................................... 9-54 9.10.2 Interchange Spacing ..................................................................................................... 9-54 9.10.3 Design Speed................................................................................................................. 9-54 9.10.4 Typical Section .............................................................................................................. 9-54 9.10.5 Access Control .............................................................................................................. 9-54 9.10.6 Deceleration Lanes ....................................................................................................... 9-55 9.10.7 Acceleration Lanes ....................................................................................................... 9-55 9.10.8 Transitional and Combination Type Facilities ......................................................... 9-55

9.11 ACCOMMODATING BICYCLES AND PEDESTRIANS ..................................................... 9-59

CHAPTER 10 SPECIAL DESIGN ELEMENTS

10.1 AERONAUTICS ......................................................................................................................... 10-1

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10.1.1 General ........................................................................................................................... 10-1 10.1.2 Design Elements ........................................................................................................... 10-1 10.1.3 Contacts ......................................................................................................................... 10-2

10.2 BRIDGE ........................................................................................................................................ 10-3

10.2.1 General ........................................................................................................................... 10-3 10.2.2 Bridge Definition .......................................................................................................... 10-3 10.2.3 Structure Types ............................................................................................................. 10-3 10.2.4 Structure Lengths ......................................................................................................... 10-4

10.2.4.1 Roadway Crossings .................................................................................... 10-4 10.2.4.2 Stream Crossings ........................................................................................ 10-4

10.2.5 Structure Clearances .................................................................................................... 10-4

10.2.5.1 Vertical Clearance For highway traffic .................................................... 10-4 10.2.5.2 Horizontal Clearances for highway traffic .............................................. 10-5 10.2.5.3 Vertical Clearances for railroad traffic ..................................................... 10-5 10.2.5.4 Horizontal Clearances for railroad traffic ............................................... 10-5 10.2.5.5 Horizontal Clearance during construction ............................................. 10-5

10.2.6 Curbs and Sidewalks ................................................................................................... 10-6 10.2.7 Deck Drains ................................................................................................................... 10-6 10.2.8 Structure Superelevations ........................................................................................... 10-6 10.2.9 Traffic Control During Construction ......................................................................... 10-6 10.2.10 Bridge Rail End and Barrier Treatments ................................................................... 10-7

10.3 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES ................................................................................................. 10-8

10.3.1 Project Classification .................................................................................................... 10-8 10.3.2 Environmental Studies ................................................................................................ 10-9 10.3.3 Specific Impacts .......................................................................................................... 10-10

10.3.3.1 Noise ........................................................................................................... 10-10 10.3.3.2 Historic ....................................................................................................... 10-11 10.3.3.3 Archaeology .............................................................................................. 10-11 10.3.3.4 Wetlands .................................................................................................... 10-11 10.3.3.5 Water Quality ............................................................................................ 10-11 10.3.3.6 Threatened and Endangered (T&E) Species ......................................... 10-12 10.3.3.7 Migratory Bird Treaty Act ....................................................................... 10-13 10.3.3.8 Air Quality ................................................................................................. 10-13 10.3.3.9 Hazardous Materials ................................................................................ 10-13 10.3.3.10 Other Areas ................................................................................................ 10-14 10.3.3.11 Permits ....................................................................................................... 10-14

10.3.4 Design Specifications ................................................................................................. 10-14 10.3.5 Plans, Specifications and Estimate (PS&E) ............................................................. 10-14

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10.4 GEOTECHNICAL DESIGN .................................................................................................... 10-15

10.4.1 General ......................................................................................................................... 10-15 10.4.2 Common Geotechnical Design Issues ..................................................................... 10-15

10.4.2.1 Selecting and Designing Stable Slopes for Cuts and Embankments . 10-16 10.4.2.2 Avoiding or Dealing with Unstable or Potentially Unstable Slopes . 10-16 10.4.2.3 Embankments over Soft Foundations .................................................... 10-16 10.4.2.4 Materials for Construction ...................................................................... 10-16 10.4.2.5 Widening Cuts and Fills .......................................................................... 10-17 10.4.2.6 Earthwork Balance Analysis ................................................................... 10-17 10.4.2.7 Surface and Groundwater Control ......................................................... 10-17 10.4.2.8 Seismic Site Response and Mitigation Design ...................................... 10-17 10.4.2.9 Rock Slopes ................................................................................................ 10-17 10.4.2.10 Pavement Subgrade .................................................................................. 10-17

10.5 HYDRAULICS .......................................................................................................................... 10-18

10.5.1 General ......................................................................................................................... 10-18 10.5.2 Design Considerations of Drainage Structures ...................................................... 10-18 10.5.3 Economic and Legal Aspects

That Must Be Considered During Drainage Design ............................................. 10-19 10.5.4 Oregon Drainage Law ............................................................................................... 10-19 10.5.5 Cooperative Projects .................................................................................................. 10-20 10.5.6 Hydraulics Report ...................................................................................................... 10-21 10.5.7 Standard Stormwater Design Documentation or Stormwater Report ............... 10-21 10.5.8 Design Features .......................................................................................................... 10-22

10.5.8.1 Floodways .................................................................................................. 10-22 10.5.8.2 Bridges ........................................................................................................ 10-23 10.5.8.3 Scour and Streambank Protection .......................................................... 10-23 10.5.8.4 Inlet Selection ............................................................................................ 10-23 10.5.8.5 Storm Drains .............................................................................................. 10-24 10.5.8.6 Culverts ...................................................................................................... 10-24 10.5.8.7 Fish Passage ............................................................................................... 10-25 10.5.8.8 Pipe Materials ............................................................................................ 10-25 10.5.8.9 Detention .................................................................................................... 10-27 10.5.8.10 Water Quality Treatment ......................................................................... 10-27 10.5.8.11 Outlet Protection ....................................................................................... 10-28 10.5.8.12 Roadside Ditches ...................................................................................... 10-28 10.5.8.13 Cut-off Ditches .......................................................................................... 10-29 10.5.8.14 Design Deviations ..................................................................................... 10-29

10.6 PAVEMENT .............................................................................................................................. 10-31

10.6.1 General ......................................................................................................................... 10-31 10.6.2 Project Scope ............................................................................................................... 10-31 10.6.3 Design Considerations ............................................................................................... 10-32

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10.6.4 Urban Pavement Rehabilitation Projects (in town, curbed sections) ................. 10-32 10.6.5 Pavement Preservation Minimum Design Life ...................................................... 10-33 10.6.6 Project Scoping and Design Estimates .................................................................... 10-33

10.7 PERMITS & DOCUMENTS ..................................................................................................... 10-34

10.7.1 Permit Responsibilities .............................................................................................. 10-34 10.7.2 Permit Types ............................................................................................................... 10-36

10.7.2.1 Airports ...................................................................................................... 10-36 10.7.2.2 Diking and Irrigation District ................................................................. 10-36 10.7.2.3 Use Permits and Agreements .................................................................. 10-36 10.7.2.4 Department of Geology and Mineral Industries .................................. 10-37 10.7.2.5 U. S. Coast Guard Permit ......................................................................... 10-37 10.7.2.6 U. S. Corps of Engineers/Division of State Lands Permit .................. 10-38 10.7.2.7 Construction Permit ................................................................................. 10-39 10.7.2.8 Stormwater Report ................................................................................... 10-39

10.8 RAIL ........................................................................................................................................... 10-40

10.8.1 General ......................................................................................................................... 10-40 10.8.2 Field Diagnostic Review ............................................................................................ 10-40 10.8.3 Rail Crossing Orders .................................................................................................. 10-41 10.8.4 Railroad Roadway Plan Sheet .................................................................................. 10-41 10.8.5 Design Elements ......................................................................................................... 10-42 10.8.6 Crossing Types ........................................................................................................... 10-43 10.8.7 Stopping Lanes At Railroad Crossings ................................................................... 10-43 10.8.8 Curb Exposure ........................................................................................................... 10-43

10.9 ROADSIDE DEVELOPMENT ................................................................................................ 10-44

10.9.1 General ......................................................................................................................... 10-44 10.9.2 Project Development Phases ..................................................................................... 10-45

10.9.2.1 Planning ..................................................................................................... 10-45 10.9.2.2 Programming and Scoping...................................................................... 10-45 10.9.2.3 Design ......................................................................................................... 10-45 10.9.2.4 Construction .............................................................................................. 10-46 10.9.2.5 Post-Construction ..................................................................................... 10-46

10.9.3 Roadside Development Responsibilities................................................................. 10-47 10.9.4 Roadside Development Tools and References ....................................................... 10-48 10.9.5 Specific Project Considerations ................................................................................ 10-48 10.9.6 Roadside Development Initial Project Checklist ................................................... 10-50

10.10 TEMPORARY AND PERMANENT EROSION AND SEDIMENT CONTROL .............. 10-51

10.10.1 General ......................................................................................................................... 10-51

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10.11 TRAFFIC ENGINEERING....................................................................................................... 10-53

10.11.1 General ......................................................................................................................... 10-53 10.11.2 Authorities of the State Traffic-Roadway Engineer .............................................. 10-53 10.11.3 Signals .......................................................................................................................... 10-54 10.11.4 Signs ............................................................................................................................. 10-55 10.11.5 Signal and Sign Supports in Islands ........................................................................ 10-55 10.11.6 Illumination ................................................................................................................. 10-55 10.11.7 Striping ........................................................................................................................ 10-56 10.11.8 Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) ................................................................ 10-56 10.11.9 Crash Analysis ............................................................................................................ 10-56 10.11.10 Project Safety Management System ......................................................................... 10-57

10.11.10.1 Highway Safety Program ........................................................................ 10-57 10.11.10.2 Safety Priority Index System (SPIS) ....................................................... 10-57 10.11.10.3 Safety Emphasis Areas ............................................................................. 10-58

10.11.11 Work Zone Analysis and Constructability ............................................................. 10-58

10.12 TRANSPORTATION ANALYSIS .......................................................................................... 10-59

10.12.1 General ......................................................................................................................... 10-59 10.12.2 Projects ......................................................................................................................... 10-59 10.12.3 Design Guidelines ...................................................................................................... 10-60

10.12.3.1 Estimating Capacity for Highways ........................................................ 10-62 10.12.3.2 Capacity Estimation Process Outline ..................................................... 10-62

CHAPTER 11 ROADSIDE INVENTORY, DESIGN PROCEDURES, SURVEY, AND RIGHT-OF-WAY

GENERAL .............................................................................................................................................. 11-1

11.1 ROADSIDE INVENTORY ......................................................................................................... 11-2

11.1.1 General ........................................................................................................................... 11-2 11.1.2 Roadside Inventory Analysis and Design Exception Process ................................ 11-2 11.1.3 Roadside Inventory for 4R projects and SPIS safety Projects ................................ 11-3

11.1.3.1 Purpose ........................................................................................................ 11-3 11.1.3.2 Guidelines .................................................................................................... 11-3 11.1.3.3 References .................................................................................................... 11-7

11.1.4 Roadside Inventory for 3R projects ........................................................................... 11-7

11.1.4.1 General ......................................................................................................... 11-7 11.1.4.2 Roadside Inventory .................................................................................... 11-8

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11.1.5 Roadside Inventory For 1R Projects .......................................................................... 11-9

11.1.5.1 Significance of The 1R Roadside Inventory ............................................ 11-9 11.1.5.2 1R Roadside Inventory Safety Features And Data Elements ................. 11-10

11.2 DESIGN PROCEDURES .......................................................................................................... 11-12

11.2.1 General ......................................................................................................................... 11-12 11.2.2 STIP Program development ...................................................................................... 11-12 11.2.3 Project Development Process ................................................................................... 11-12

11.3 GENERAL SURVEY PROCEDURES ..................................................................................... 11-15

11.3.1 Land Survey Law ....................................................................................................... 11-15 11.3.2 Survey Types ............................................................................................................... 11-16

11.3.2.1 Geodetic Control Survey ......................................................................... 11-16 11.3.2.2 Cadastral Survey ....................................................................................... 11-16 11.3.2.3 Topographic Survey ................................................................................. 11-16 11.3.2.4 Stationing ................................................................................................... 11-18

11.3.3 Project Survey ............................................................................................................. 11-19

11.3.3.1 General ....................................................................................................... 11-19 11.3.3.2 Maintenance And 1R Projects ................................................................. 11-19 11.3.3.3 Preservation Projects ................................................................................ 11-19 11.3.3.4 Modernization Projects ............................................................................ 11-20

11.4 RIGHT OF WAY ....................................................................................................................... 11-21

11.4.1 General ......................................................................................................................... 11-21 11.4.2 Acquisition Process .................................................................................................... 11-21 11.4.3 Time Allowances ........................................................................................................ 11-22 11.4.4 Property Rights ........................................................................................................... 11-22

11.4.4.1 Fee Title ...................................................................................................... 11-22 11.4.4.2 Easements .................................................................................................. 11-23 11.4.4.3 Conditional Entry onto Private Property .............................................. 11-24

11.4.5 Property Conveyance Documents ........................................................................... 11-25

11.4.5.1 Special Rights of Way............................................................................... 11-25 11.4.5.2 Railroad Encroachments .......................................................................... 11-25

11.4.6 Access Rights .............................................................................................................. 11-25

11.4.6.1 Location of Highway Approaches ......................................................... 11-27

11.4.7 Miscellaneous Right Of Way Issues......................................................................... 11-28

11.4.7.1 Right of Way Estimates ............................................................................ 11-28 11.4.7.2 Encumbrances and Liens ......................................................................... 11-28

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11.4.7.3 Utilities ....................................................................................................... 11-28 11.4.7.4 Railroads .................................................................................................... 11-28 11.4.7.5 Land Services Justifications ..................................................................... 11-29 11.4.7.6 Livestock and Equipment Underpasses ................................................ 11-29 11.4.7.7 Sound Walls ............................................................................................... 11-29

CHAPTER 12 PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION GUIDELINES

12.1 GENERAL .................................................................................................................................... 12-1

12.2 DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS .................................................................................................. 12-2

12.3 TRANSIT STOPS ........................................................................................................................ 12-4

12.3.1 Bus Stops ....................................................................................................................... 12-4

12.3.1.1 Bus Stop Locations Selection ..................................................................... 12-4 12.3.1.2 Bus Stop Layout And Delineation ............................................................ 12-8 12.3.1.3 Bus Stop Guidelines For Special Treatments .......................................... 12-8

12.3.2 Light Rail, Bus Rapid Transit and Steetcar Stops .................................................. 12-14

12.4 TRANSIT ACCESSIBILITY AND AMENITIES ................................................................... 12-15

12.4.1 Sidewalks ..................................................................................................................... 12-15 12.4.2 Providing Accessibility .............................................................................................. 12-15 12.4.3 Amenities For Waiting Passengers .......................................................................... 12-15 12.4.4 Security And Safety.................................................................................................... 12-20

12.5 ROADWAY AND INTERSECTION DESIGN FOR TRANSIT .......................................... 12-21

12.5.1 Roadway And Intersection Design For Buses ........................................................ 12-21

12.5.1.1 Bus Pads ..................................................................................................... 12-22

12.5.2 Roadway And Intersection Design For Bus Rapid Transit .................................. 12-23 12.5.3 Roadway And Intersection Design For Light Rail Transit And Streetcars ........ 12-23

12.6 PARK-AND-RIDE FACILITIES .............................................................................................. 12-27

12.6.1 Needs Assessment ...................................................................................................... 12-27 12.6.2 Site Selection ............................................................................................................... 12-28 12.6.3 Site Design ................................................................................................................... 12-29

12.6.3.1 Access ......................................................................................................... 12-29 12.6.3.2 Internal Circulation .................................................................................. 12-30 12.6.3.3 Pavement, Drainage, and Landscaping ................................................. 12-30

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12.6.3.4 Amenities ................................................................................................... 12-33 12.6.3.5 Lighting and Security ............................................................................... 12-33 12.6.3.6 Signs and Pavement Markings ............................................................... 12-33 12.6.3.7 Bicycle Parking .......................................................................................... 12-33 12.6.3.8 Disabled Person Parking ......................................................................... 12-34 12.6.3.9 Environmental Considerations ............................................................... 12-34

CHAPTER 13 PEDESTRIAN AND BICYCLE

13.1 ON-ROAD BIKEWAYS ............................................................................................................. 13-2

13.1.1 Rural Bicycle Accommodation ................................................................................... 13-2

13.1.1.1 Shoulders ..................................................................................................... 13-3 13.1.1.2 Designated Bikeways ................................................................................. 13-3

13.1.2 Urban Bicycle Accommodation .................................................................................. 13-3

13.1.2.1 Shoulders And Bike Lanes ........................................................................ 13-3 13.1.2.2 Shared Lane ................................................................................................. 13-4 13.1.2.3 Parallel Streets ............................................................................................. 13-6

13.1.3 Design Exceptions ........................................................................................................ 13-6

13.2 LANE RECONFIGURATIONS ................................................................................................. 13-7

13.3 BICYCLE PARKING .................................................................................................................. 13-8

13.4 WALKWAYS ............................................................................................................................... 13-9

13.4.1 Pedestrian Accommodation ........................................................................................ 13-9 13.4.2 Americans With Disabilities Act (ADA) ................................................................... 13-9 13.4.3 Sidewalk Dimensions ................................................................................................ 13-10

13.4.3.1 Buffer Strips ............................................................................................... 13-10

13.4.4 Surfacing ...................................................................................................................... 13-11 13.4.5 Grade ............................................................................................................................ 13-12 13.4.6 Cross-Slope .................................................................................................................. 13-12 13.4.7 Handrail ....................................................................................................................... 13-13

13.4.7.1 Bridge Rail ................................................................................................. 13-13 13.4.7.2 Open HandRail ......................................................................................... 13-14 13.4.7.3 Rail Height ................................................................................................. 13-15

13.4.8 Transit Stops................................................................................................................ 13-15 13.4.9 Design Exceptions ...................................................................................................... 13-16

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13.5 STREET CROSSINGS ............................................................................................................... 13-17

13.5.1 Crossing Locations ..................................................................................................... 13-17

13.5.1.1 Related Issues ............................................................................................ 13-17

13.5.2 Crossing Design .......................................................................................................... 13-18

13.5.2.1 Raised Medians ......................................................................................... 13-18 13.5.2.2 Crossing Islands ........................................................................................ 13-18 13.5.2.3 Right Turn Islands .................................................................................... 13-19 13.5.2.4 Curb Extensions ........................................................................................ 13-20 13.5.2.5 Illumination ............................................................................................... 13-20 13.5.2.6 Crosswalks ................................................................................................. 13-21 13.5.2.7 Pedestrian Activated Crosswalk Beacons ............................................. 13-21 13.5.2.8 Pedestrian Signals ..................................................................................... 13-21 13.5.2.9 Bicycle Crossings ...................................................................................... 13-22 13.5.2.10 Signing ........................................................................................................ 13-22 13.5.2.11 Sight Distance ............................................................................................ 13-22

13.6 INTERSECTIONS ..................................................................................................................... 13-23

13.7 SEPARATED PATHS ............................................................................................................... 13-24

13.7.1 Context ......................................................................................................................... 13-24

13.7.1.1 Shared Use Paths on Expressways ......................................................... 13-25 13.7.1.2 Bike Lanes on Separate Alignment (Cycle Tracks) .............................. 13-25 13.7.1.3 Off-Highway Trail Connections ............................................................. 13-25

13.7.2 Design Standards ....................................................................................................... 13-26

13.7.2.1 Two-way Separated Paths ....................................................................... 13-26 13.7.2.2 One-way Separated Paths........................................................................ 13-26 13.7.2.3 Clearance and Grade ................................................................................ 13-27

13.7.3 Design Exceptions ...................................................................................................... 13-27

CHAPTER 14 DESIGN EXCEPTION PROCESS

14.1 GENERAL .................................................................................................................................... 14-1

14.1.1 Justification of Design Exceptions ............................................................................. 14-2

14.1.1.1 Project Development Projects ................................................................... 14-2 14.1.1.2 Planning Projects ........................................................................................ 14-2 14.1.1.3 Design Exceptions for Local Agency Projects ......................................... 14-3

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14.2 INFORMATIONAL NEEDS ..................................................................................................... 14-5

14.2.1 Roadside Inventory ...................................................................................................... 14-5 14.2.2 Local Plan Coordination .............................................................................................. 14-5 14.2.3 Traffic and Crash Analysis .......................................................................................... 14-5 14.2.4 Impacts and Right of Way ........................................................................................... 14-6 14.2.5 Costs ............................................................................................................................... 14-7 14.2.6 Incremental improvements ......................................................................................... 14-7 14.2.7 Proposed Mitigation .................................................................................................... 14-7

14.3 STEPS FOR DESIGN EXCEPTION APPROVAL ................................................................... 14-8

14.3.1 General ........................................................................................................................... 14-8 14.3.2 Design Exception Procedures ..................................................................................... 14-8 14.3.3 Clear Zone ................................................................................................................... 14-11 14.3.4 ADA Exceptions ......................................................................................................... 14-12 14.3.5 Additional Information ............................................................................................. 14-20

14.3.5.1 Clear Zone.................................................................................................. 14-20 14.3.5.2 Design Exception Reviews ...................................................................... 14-20 14.3.5.3 Examples of Design Exceptions .............................................................. 14-20

CHAPTER 15 CONTRACT PLANS, SPECIFICATIONS AND ESTIMATES

15.1 INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................................... 15-1

15.2 PLAN PROCEDURE .................................................................................................................. 15-2

15.2.1 General ........................................................................................................................... 15-2

15.3 PLAN PREPARATION .............................................................................................................. 15-3

15.3.1 General ........................................................................................................................... 15-3 15.3.2 Title Sheet & Index Sheets ........................................................................................... 15-3 15.3.3 Typical Sections & Details ........................................................................................... 15-4 15.3.4 Traffic Control Plans .................................................................................................... 15-4 15.3.5 Erosion and Sediment Control Plans ......................................................................... 15-4 15.3.6 Material Source, Stockpile, and Disposal Site Plans ................................................ 15-5 15.3.7 Pipe Data Sheet ............................................................................................................. 15-5 15.3.8 Plans, Contruction Notes, and Profiles ..................................................................... 15-5

15.3.8.1 Plan Scales .................................................................................................... 15-5 15.3.8.2 Construction Notes ..................................................................................... 15-5 15.3.8.3 Profiles .......................................................................................................... 15-6

15.3.9 Striping .......................................................................................................................... 15-7

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15.3.10 Wetland Mitigation ...................................................................................................... 15-7 15.3.11 Roadside Development ............................................................................................... 15-7 15.3.12 Temporary Erosion Control ........................................................................................ 15-7 15.3.13 Standard and Informational Drawings ..................................................................... 15-7 15.3.14 Other Plans .................................................................................................................... 15-8

15.4 SPECIFICATIONS ...................................................................................................................... 15-9

15.4.1 General ........................................................................................................................... 15-9 15.4.2 Standard Specifications ............................................................................................... 15-9 15.4.3 Supplemental Standard Specifications ...................................................................... 15-9 15.4.4 Project Special Provisions............................................................................................ 15-9 15.4.5 Guidelines, Procedures, and Required Forms ....................................................... 15-10

15.5 FINAL ESTIMATE.................................................................................................................... 15-11

15.5.1 General ......................................................................................................................... 15-11 15.5.2 Anticipated Items ....................................................................................................... 15-11

15.6 PROJECT SUBMITTAL ............................................................................................................ 15-12

CHAPTER 16 3D ROADWAY DESIGN

16.1 INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................................... 16-1

16.2 DIGITAL DESIGN ELEMENTS ................................................................................................ 16-2

16.2.1 Which Projects Require Digital Design? ................................................................... 16-2 16.2.2 Digital Design Engineering Software ........................................................................ 16-2 16.2.3 Digital File Formats ...................................................................................................... 16-3 16.2.4 Digital Design Packages .............................................................................................. 16-4

16.3 INROADS 3-DIMENSIONAL DIGITAL DESIGN PROCESS .............................................. 16-6

16.3.1 Template Considerations ............................................................................................ 16-7

16.3.1.1 Template Drops .......................................................................................... 16-8 16.3.1.2 Point Naming .............................................................................................. 16-8

16.3.2 InRoads Settings ........................................................................................................... 16-9

16.3.2.1 Chord height tolerances ............................................................................. 16-9 16.3.2.2 Roadway Designer Options .................................................................... 16-10 16.3.2.3 Surface Creation Settings ......................................................................... 16-11

16.3.3 Corridor Matching ..................................................................................................... 16-13 16.3.4 Detailed Modeling ...................................................................................................... 16-15

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16.3.4.1 Guardrail .................................................................................................... 16-15 16.3.4.2 Barrier ......................................................................................................... 16-15 16.3.4.3 Gores ........................................................................................................... 16-15 16.3.4.4 Abutments ................................................................................................. 16-16 16.3.4.5 Retaining Walls ......................................................................................... 16-16 16.3.4.6 Intersections ............................................................................................... 16-16 16.3.4.7 sidewalk ramps ......................................................................................... 16-16 16.3.4.8 Approaches ................................................................................................ 16-17 16.3.4.9 Islands & traffic separators ...................................................................... 16-17

16.3.5 Graphical Elements to Features ................................................................................ 16-17 16.3.6 Model Review ............................................................................................................. 16-19 16.3.7 Solids and Rendering of 3D Digital Data ................................................................ 16-20

16.4 REQUIRED CONTENT FOR DIGITAL DESIGN PACKAGES ......................................... 16-22

16.4.1 Index ............................................................................................................................. 16-22 16.4.2 Alignment Data .......................................................................................................... 16-25

16.4.2.1 InRoads geometry project (.alg) .............................................................. 16-25 16.4.2.2 MicroStation design file (.dgn) ............................................................... 16-26 16.4.2.3 Alignment Reports ................................................................................... 16-26 16.4.2.4 LandXML files ........................................................................................... 16-27

16.4.3 Superelevation Data ................................................................................................... 16-28 16.4.4 Surface Data ................................................................................................................ 16-28

16.4.4.1 Inroads Digital Terrain Model (.dtm) .................................................... 16-29 16.4.4.2 Microstation File (.dgn) ............................................................................ 16-29 16.4.4.3 Landxml Files ............................................................................................ 16-30

16.4.5 Cross Section Data ...................................................................................................... 16-31

16.4.5.1 Microstation Design File (.dgn) .............................................................. 16-32 16.4.5.2 Cross Section Reports ............................................................................... 16-33 16.4.5.3 LandXML Files .......................................................................................... 16-34

16.4.6 Quantities .................................................................................................................... 16-34

16.5 DIGITAL DESIGN QUALITY CONTROL ............................................................................ 16-38

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TABLE OF CONTENTS€¦ · table of contents chapter 1 design standard policies and processes 1.1...

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Transcript of TABLE OF CONTENTS€¦ · table of contents chapter 1 design standard policies and processes 1.1...