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IFoSAC2018 – Empowering Food Sustainability

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Welcome Messages 2 – 4

Biodata of Keynote Speaker 5

Biodata of Plenary Speaker 6 – 7

Full Program 8 – 15

Oral Presentations 8 – 15

Poster Presentations 16 – 17

Keynote Paper 18

Plenary Papers 19 – 21

Oral Presentation Abstracts 22 – 71

Poster Presentation Abstracts 72 – 87

List of Participants 88 – 89

Acknowledgements 90

List of Organizing Committees 91

Sponsors 92


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Welcome Address

Assalamualaikum Warahmatulllahi Wabarakatuh

It is my great pleasure and honor to welcome you all at the opening ceremony of the International Food Science and Agricultural Conference 2018 (IFOSAC2018). My heartiest congratulations goes to the organizer, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, UMT for successfully organizing this conference with the main theme of

“Empowering Food Sustainability”. Food sustainability which involve a collaborative network that integrates several components

in order to enhance a community’s environmental, economic and social well-being is need for human wellbeing. This will ensure that we can have a preferable food economic development and at the same time the protection of natural resources at sustained level of economic development without excessive waste and pollution, besides the protection of natural resources and biodiversity with a cleaner environment. In the past decade, researchers have clearly identified the range of scenarios for food and agriculture and identified the past impacts as well as the many challenges we faced. Accordingly, there is considerable agreement about the nature and causes of these challenges. The challenges are not only those of our crops and animal husbandry but also those of our soils, biodiversity, and water. However, given the interpretations of past developments that are framed by diverse values and world views, there has been less accord about the best solutions. The many contributors to this conference despite having diverse world views, find that they share a number of conclusions about how to achieve a more sustainable food and agriculture system. It should be notable that dynamic results can come from working together and that to move forward means to seek the areas of consensus based on the evidence. To accomplish this, a sense of citizenship in the sustainable development could be developed through the delivery of quality education and training, a reappraisal of our core values systems, and the empowerment of green community that affect the consumer’s behaviour and preference towards green technologies. Thus, the theme of this year’s seminar – “Empowering Food Sustainability” is relevant as it is believed to overcome environmental degradation and natural resources, improve health and lives, protect ecosystems, costs to the government in its efforts to mitigate the impact of development and serve as an alternative in order to boost the economy. In addition, bridging the gap between research innovation and industrial application is the main challenge for competence networking. Therefore, UMT emphasizes on the interdisciplinary research work across various fields; from science to engineering to management and economics, even to public policy, law and social analysis; as it will explore and utilise various technical issues and multi-dimensional manner within a research problem. UMT has set-up several Special Interest Group (SIGs) that registered members can come from any academic disciplines that has interest in that area. Furthermore, UMT also


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has play an important role to cultivate ‘Green culture’ through teaching, research and innovation activities, besides promoting the sustainable development via corporate social responsibility such as Centre for Socioeconomic Development, Tasik Kenyir Research Station, Setiu Wetland Research Station, Turtle Conservation Station Changar Hutang and many more. I would also like to take this opportunity to extend my warmest greetings to all participants. I wish you will have a pleasant and memorable stay in Kuala Terengganu. To all the participants, wish you a very fruitful conference. Thank you PROF. DATO’ DR. NOR AIENI BINTI HAJI MOKHTAR VICE CHANCELLOR UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA TERENGGANU


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Welcome Address

Assalammualaikum Warahmatullahi Taala Wabarakatuh. Welcome to the International Food Science and Agricultural Conference 2018 (IFOSAC2018) organized by the School of Food Science and Technology. The theme for this conference is “Empowering Food Sustainability”. On behalf the Organizing Committee, I would like to express our sincere gratitude to all distinguished keynote speaker and plenary speakers who will be sharing with us their expert views in their areas pertaining green technologies.

I am optimistic that this two-day conference will inspire all the participants to explore a wide spectrum of topics and research in future appropriate with a theme of “Empowering Food Sustainability”. In addition, this event may serve as a platform for the growth and development of new ideas to expand for the benefit of all. This conference provided the best platform for the researchers and academia to share, transfer and exchange knowledge related to science exploration in the field of green technologies and sustainable resources. The implementation of green technology is a crucial factor as we all strive for continuous productivity, quality and competitiveness. The expectation with this technology is to change the daily habitual habits of society. I would like to thank Prof. Dato’ Dr. Nor Aieni Binti Haji Mokhtar, Vice Chancellor Universiti Malaysia Terengganu (UMT) for officiating this conference. I would also like to thank the Vice Chancellor of UMT for giving the School of Food Science and Technology her tremendous support. Furthermore, I would also like to acknowledge our sponsor and individuals who directly or indirectly making this event a great success. Last but not least, I would like to take this opportunity to express my deepest gratitude to all the committee of International Food Science and Agricultural Conference 2018 (IFOSAC2018) for their untiring effort in making this conference a success. To all session chairs, speakers and participants, I wish you a fruitful conference. Thank you PROF. MADYA DR. AMIZA MAT AMIN CHAIRMAN OF THE ORGANIZING COMMITTEE IFOSAC2018


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Prof. Achmad Subagio (Indonesia)

Prof Achmad Subagio is Prof. Achmad Subagio obtained PhD in food chemistry from Osaka

Prefecture University JAPAN. Now, he is a lecture in Faculty of Agricultural Technology,

University of Jember INDONESIA. Giving attention in indigenous natural resources for foods,

his researches are focusing in starch and protein from various local commodities i.e. cassava,

sweet potatoes, legumes, and fish. He had been developing a technology to produce bland flour

from cassava called “MOCAF” which is applicable for substitution of wheat, rice flour and

others. Combining with his attention on small-medium enterprise, he is establishing some

factories for “MOCAF” in a cluster industry concept. He also develops advanced technology

for MOCAF industrialization. He has received awards from various institutions both private

and government, including various ministries and presidents of the Republic of Indonesia.

Biodata of Keynote Speaker


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`

Mohd Shukri bin Mat Ali @ Ibrahim (Malaysia)

Dr. Mohd Shukri Mat Ali obtained his BSc. and MSc. in Biochemistry from National

University of Malaysia (UKM) and Ph.D. in Plant Product and Nutrition (Phytochemistry)

from University of Glasgow, Scotland. He has been in the area of research and

development (R&D) on plant sciences for 18 years mainly in the genebank conservation

management, nutritional analysis of medicinal plants and traditional vegetables as well

as utilisation of plants for added value products such as antibacterial agent and

biopesticidal formulation. He has two patents for these product formulations and has won

several awards at national and international exhibitions such as Malaysian Technology

Expo (MTE), International Technology Exhibition (ITEX), BioInno (BioAsia), Seoul

International Invention Fair (SIIF) and British Invention Show (BIS).

He is currently a Principal Research Officer and Deputy Director of the Program

on Conservation and Management of Genetic Resources, Genebank and Seed Centre,

Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute (MARDI) which focuses on

conservation of plant genetic resources to be further utilised for food and agriculture. Dr.

Mohd Shukri is also responsible on the operation of National Rice Genebank in Seberang

Perai, Penang and National AgroFood Genebank (MyGeneBank™) in Serdang, Selangor

under the International Treaty on Plant genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture

(ITPGRFA). In term of academic contributions, he had supervised three MSc. students and

one Ph.D. student from Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM). He had published more than 70

technical papers through conference, seminar, national and international journals.

Biodata of Plenary Speaker


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Asst. Prof. Santad Wichienchot (Thailand)

Assistant Professor, Director of Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Nutraceutical and

Functional Food (IGS-NFF) and head of post-graduate curriculum in Functional Food and

Nutrition at the Prince of Songkla University (PSU), Thailand. He is a member in

Functional Food Cluster under Research University Network (RUN), Thailand. His

research focuses on prebiotics, probiotics, gut health and functional foods. He is research

program administrator, principal investigator and coinvestigator of 20 completed

research projects in last 9 years. He holds 4 patents and research collaboration with 5

companies. He has published 30 articles in last 5 years in peer-reviewed and

internationally referred Food Science and Life Science Journals. He published 3 book

chapters entitled “Prebiotic oligosaccharides: origins and production, health benefits

and commercial applications” in Nova Science Publishers, Inc., New York, and most

recent book chapters entitled “Prebiotics and dietary fibers from food processing by-

products” and “Sustainability of nutraceuticals and functional foods” had been published

in John Wiley & Sons, Inc. in 2017. He has been invited to be a speaker in several

International Conferences. He is currently serving as reviewer in several International

Journals in Elsevier, Springer and Taylor&Francis. Dr.Santad Wichienchot received his

PhD in Biotechnology from the Prince of Songkla University, Thailand and he had

experience in research work on prebiotics and gut microbiota at University of Reading,

UK during PhD and postdoctoral studies.

Biodata of Plenary Speaker


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FULL PROGRAM

International Food Science and Agrotechnology Conference

(IFoSAC 2018)

7 – 9th August 2018

Kompleks Kuliah Berpusat, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu

ORAL PRESENTATIONS

Tuesday, August 7th

08:00 –

09:00

Registration

Dewan Seminar

09:00 –

09:30

Opening ceremony

Auditorium 2

9:30 –

10:00

Tea break / exhibition

Dewan Seminar

10:00 –

10:30

KEYNOTE ADDRESS

Cassave integrated value chain in sub-optimal land to empower food security

and community welfare

Prof. Ir. Achmad Subagio

Universitas Jember, Indonesia

Chairperson: Prof. Sri Harimurti

Auditorium 2

PARALLEL SESSION 1

Food Processing and

Preservation

Chairperson:

Dr Uswatun Hasanah

Zaidan

BK3-03

Agrotechnology

Chairperson:

Dr Ramisah Mohd Shah

BK3-04

Clinical Nutrition &

Interventions / Food

Habits, Nutrition &

Health / Food Safety &

Quality Management

Chairperson:

Dr Iffah Hazirah Mohd

Nawi

BK3-05


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10:30 –

10:45

S01

Effect of different

drying methods on the

morphological

structure, colour profile

and citral concentration

of lemongrass

(Cymbopogon citratus)

powder

Hashim, M.A., Yahya, F.,

Hamzah, Y. & Wan Aida,

W.M. Universiti

Malaysia Terengganu,

Malaysia

S08

Land evaluation

assessment using

climatic classification

system for agricultural

benefits in Peninsular

Malaysia

Usman Mohammed Ishaq

Universiti Malaysia

Terengganu, Malaysia

O5

Case-control

retrospective study on

cardiovascular disease

risk and quality of life

among malay adults

Mo, M.E., Ali, A., Hadi,

N., Harith, S. & Mohd

Yusof, H.

Universiti Malaysia


10:45 –

11:00

S02

Effect of drying

temperatures on

antioxidant properties

of Napier grass

(Pennisetum purpureum)

Ng K.S., Mohd Zin, Z. &

Zainol, M.K.

Universiti Malaysia


O1

Revegetation efforts at

former mining land in

Citatah Kars area west

Bandung regency

Humaeriyah, H. &

Romadhona, S.

University of Jember,

Indonesia

O6

Consumption of dietary

supplement and health-

related quality of life

among cancer survivors

in kuala lumpur

Lee, S.Y., Mohd Yusof,

H., Mahmood, A. &

Zakaria, N.S.

Universiti Malaysia


11:00 –

11:15

S03

Extraction and

optimization of chitosan

from razor clam (Ensis

arcuatus) by using

Response Surface

Methodology (RSM)

Latiff, N.F., Zamri, A.I.

& Abdullah, Q.H.

Universiti Malaysia


S09

Effect of nutrient pre

and post-planting slow

release fertilizer into

zeolite containing kenaf

core fibre non

performance of

marigold plant

Mohammed, B.A. & Mat

Arshad, Adzemi

Universiti Malaysia


S11

An assessment on pre-

and post- food hygiene

training on food safety's

kap level among food

handlers in Kuala

Terengganu and Kuala

Nerus

Jaafar, S.N.A., Tuan

Chilek, T.Z. & Che Has,

S.M.

Universiti Malaysia


11:15 –

11:30

S04

Antibiotic susceptibility

of Lactic Acid Bacteria

isolated from Malaysian

fermented foods

S10

Interaction between oil

palm frond residue

mulch and isoxaflutole

activity on emergence of

O7

Consumer’s knowledge,

risk perception, attitude

and purchase intention


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Ismail, S.N., Azmi, N.S.

& Essam, A.M

Universiti Malaysia

Pahang, Malaysia

three selected weeds in

landscapes

Nordin, M.A. & Chuah,

T.S.

Universiti Malaysia

of seafood in Jitra,

Kedah

Suwanmani, K., Che Has,

S.M. & Jaafar, S.N.A.

Universiti Malaysia


11:30 –

11:45

S05

Preliminary

phytochemical

screening and

antioxidant properties

of Morinda citrifolia leaf

water extract

Chong, K.H., Mohd. Zin,

Z., Majid, N.I., Mohd

Zainol, M.K., Mohd

Yusof, H. & Mohamad,

H.

Universiti Malaysia

Terengganu

O2

Effect of silviculture

management on growth

performance of Justicia

gendarussa Burm F.

Che Soh, N., Hamzah,

N.A. & Mohd Shah, R.

Universiti Malaysia


O8

Breakfast consumption

and its relationship with

cognitive performance

among fishermen’s

children in Terengganu

Tai, S.W., Ali, A.,

Zakaria, N.S. & Mohd

Yusof, H.

Universiti Malaysia


11:45 –

12:00

S06

Enzymatic

transglycosylation using

cyclodextrin

glucanotransferase

(CGTase) as biocatalyst

Lim, C. H., Sulisyto, J.,

Rasti, B. & Hamid, M.A.

Universiti Malaysia

Sabah, Malaysia

O3

Impact of the National

Fadama development

project on the capacity

of small holder farmer

for sustainable

livelihoods in Katsina

State Nigeria

Maiunguwa, S. &

Adefila, J.O.

IKCOE Dutsinma

O9

Assessment of diet

quality and its

association with

nutritional status

among fishermen’s

children in Terengganu

Chua, H.S., Ali, A.,

Zakaria, N.S. & Mohd

Yusof, H.

Universiti Malaysia


12:00 –

12:15

S07

Chemical and

functional properties of

rose cactus (Pereskia

bleo) mucilage as

affected by different

purification mediums

Nurul Farhanah, M. A.,

Nor Hayati, I., Yusnita,

H. and Mohd Zul Helmi,

R.Universiti Malaysia Terengganu

O4

The effect of planting

material on chemical

composition,

production, and

digestibility

of Brachiaria Sp

Umami, N., Widodo, S.

& Suhartanto, B.

Universitas Gadjah

Mada, Indonesia

O10

Perceived value,

customers’ satisfaction

and behavioral

intention in relation to

seafood restaurants in

Johor Bahru

Abdul Wahab, R., Radin,

N., Ahmad, F., Wan

Zainal Shukri, W.H. &

Tuan Chilek,


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T.Z.Universiti Malaysia


12:30 –

13:00

POSTER SESSION 1

Dewan Seminar

13:00 –

14:30

Lunch break

Dewan Seminar

14:30 –

14:50

PLENARY SESSION 1

Prebiotics and dietary fibers from food processing by-products

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Santad Wichienchot

Prince of Songkla University, Thailand

Chairperson: Prof. Lokman Shamsudin

Auditorium 2

PARALLEL SESSION 2

Food Science and

Technology

Chairperson:

Dr Suvik A/L Assaw

BK3-03

Agrotechnology

Chairperson:

Mr Romadhona Sukron

BK3-04

Food Safety and Quality

Management /

Functional Food and

Nutraceuticals

Chairperson:

Dr Zamzahaila Mohd

Zin

BK3-05

14:50 –

15:05

S12

Optimization of

enzymatic hydrolysis

condition of edible

bird’s nest using

Protamex® to obtain

maximum degree of

hydrolysis

Khuzma, D., Amiza,

M.A. & Kee, C.H.

Universiti Malaysia


O13

Optimization of sugar

cane for growth and

biomass production of

probiotic lactic acid

bacteria indigenous

Sri Harimurti

Universitas Gadjah

Mada, Indonesia

S16

Antioxidant,

phytochemical

properties and

anticancer properties of

honey and black seed

mixture on MCF-7 cell

line

Hadi, N., Kua, M.P.,

Islamiah, M. & Yusof,

H.M.

Universiti Malaysia


15:05 –

15:20

S13

Factors affecting

enzymatic hydrolysis of

oil palm frond bagasse

using Cellic HTec2 for

xylooligosaccharides

production

O14

Genetic relationship of

sweet potato (Ipomea

batatas) accessions from

Malaysia and Indonesia

using molecular marker

Ramisah Mohd Shah

S17

Optimization of

enzymatic protein

hydrolysis conditions to

obtain maximum

angiotensin-I-

converting enzyme


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Yaacob, A.S.M., Mazlan,

N.A., Samad, K.A. &

Yussof, H.W.

Universiti Malaysia

Pahang,

Malaysia

Universiti Malaysia


(ACE) inhibitory

activity from flower

crab (Portunis

pelagicus) meat

Zaliha, H., Amiza, M.A.

& Liyana, M.R.

Universiti Malaysia


15:20 –

15:35

O11

Effects of cross-linking

on breadfruit starch

and its batter properties

Revathi, S., Yusnita H.,

& Suhana, M.H.

Universiti Malaysia


O15

Antifungal activity of

Hevea brasiliensis and

rubber processing

effluent in relation to

polyphenol composition

and polyphenol oxidase

activity as a possible

protection approach

against diseases

Mubarak, A., Ismun, A.,

Razak, S.B.A. & Ariffin,

M.M.

Universiti Malaysia


S18

Microbiological profiles

of keropok lekor

production in Kuala

Terengganu and

Marang, Terengganu

Haslinda, W.H., Mohd

Nizam, L., Yusnita, H.,

Rozila, A. & Zaiton, H.

Universiti Malaysia


15:35 –

15:50

S14

Laboratory Determined

Sugar Content and

Composition of Selected

Sugar Sweetened

Beverages (SSBs) and

Snacks in Kelantan.

Noor-Fazlina, H.,

Rohana, A.J., Roziyani,

H., Amira-Suriyati, M.,

Wan Rosli, W.I., Naing,

N.N., Pachotikarn, C.,

Prapkree, L., Rueangsri,

N. & Yamamoto, S.

Universiti Sains

Malaysia, Malaysia

O16

The milk index, blood

biochemistry status and

growth performance of

local malaysian cow

(Bos Sundoicus) fed

Arthrospira Platensis

supplement

Shamsudin, L.

Universiti Malaysia

O19

Fatty acid profile,

organic acid and

vitamin B6 content of

ripened goat milk

cheese added with

combination of liquid

smoke and porang

glucomannan

Nurliyani, Harmayani, E.

& Rahmatulloh, S.

Universitas Gadjah

Mada, Indonesia

15:50 –

16:05

S15

Antimicrobial resistance

of Escherichia coli

isolated from ulam

O17

Evaluation of feeding

high proportion

concentrates containing

O20

Purification and

characterization of

angiotensin I converting


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taken from

supermarkets and

wetmarkets in


Bahri, A.A., Salleh, W.,

Lani, M.N. & Wan

Abdullah, W.Z.

Universiti Malaysia


tofu waste on nutrient

consumption, milk

production and body

condition score of dairy

goat in smallholder of

Yogyakarta

Suranindyah, Y. Adiarto,

Astuti, S.D., Murti, T.W.

& Widyobroto, B.P.

Universitas Gadjah

Mada, Indonesia

enzyme inhibitory

peptide by enzymatic

hydrolysis of blood

cockle (Anadara

granosa) meat

Aishah, S., Amiza M.A.,

Norizah, M.S., Effendy,

W.A.M. & Zaliha, H.

Universiti Malaysia


16:05 –

16:20

O12

A shelf life study: An

evaluation on

physicochemical

properties and

microbiological analysis

of honey and Nigella

sativa seed mixture

during accelerated

storage

Tuan Chilek, T.Z., Lau,

Y.C., Mohd Yusof, H.,

Ahmad, F., Zainol, M.K.

& Mohd Zin, Z.

Universiti Malaysia


O18

Accuracy of estrus

detection through

vaginal pH in Saanen

Ettawah crossbreed

goat

Widayati, D.T.,

Sitaresmi, P.I., Bintara, S.

& Widyobroto, B.P.

Universitas Gadjah

Mada, Indonesia

O21

Evaluation of different

protein extraction

methods suitable for

gel-based proteomics

studies of Caulerpa

lentiferra proteins

Ahmad, F., Awang, A.,

Tuan Chilek, T.Z., Zamri,

A.I., Mohd Zainol, M.K.,

Ismail, N., Ismail, M.N.

& Sulaiman, M.R.

Universiti Malaysia


16:30 –

17:00

Tea break & adjourn

Lobi Kompleks Kuliah Pusat


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Wednesday, August 8th

09:00 –

09:20

PLENARY SESSION 2

Malaysian underutilized plant species for future and agricultural diversity

Dr. Mohd Shukri Mat Ali

MARDI, Malaysia

Chairperson: PM. Dr. Shamsul Bahri Abd Razak

Auditorium 2

09:20 –

10:00

Tea break / exhibition

Dewan Seminar

PARALLEL SESSION 3

Food Science and Technology

Chairperson:

Dr Norhidayah Che Soh

BK3-03

Food Science & Agrotechnology

Chairperson:

Dr Wan Zaliha Wan Sembok

BK3-04

10:00 –

10:15

O22

Gelatin-chitosan film incorporated

with clove essential oil for retaining

quality of silver pomfret fish fillet

Mubarak, A., Othman, Z.S. & Karim,

N.U.

Universiti Malaysia Terengganu,

Malaysia

O27

Effect of protein supplementation

made of rejects soybean prepared

with differrent treatments on meat

quality of onggole crossbreed cattle

Suhartanto, B., Utomo, R., Habibi, M.F.

& Astuti, D.

Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia

10:15 –

10:30

O23

Optimization of Extraction

Conditions on Yield, Crude Protein

Content and Emulsifying Capacity of

Mucilage from Talinum paniculatum

Ibrahim, N.H., Tengku Zakaria, T.N.D

& Hamzah, Y.


Malaysia

O28

Elemental analyses of commercially

available rice samples in Malaysia by

using ICP-MS and SEM-EDX

Ong, M.G., Rohana, A.J., Wan Rosli,

W.I., Hamid, N.A., Che badariah, A.A.,

Wan Suriati, W.N., Noor-Fadzlina, H.,

Vasanti, S.M., Willet, W.C. & Hu, F.B.

Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia

10:30 –

10:45

O24

Sub-acute toxicity of black seed

(Nigella sativa) and honey mixture

Wong, P.L., Assaw, S., Lokman, M.A.

& Mohd Yusof, H.

Universiti Malaysia Terenggan,

Malaysia

O29

Antioxidant and antibacterial

activities of polysaccharides and

methanolic crude extracts of local

edible red seaweed Gracilaria sp

Suvik, A., Rosli, N.L., Azmi, M.N.A.,

Mazlan, N.W. & Ismail, N.


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Malaysia

10:45 –

11:00

O25

Effect of ethanol in ultrasonic

assisted extraction technique on

antioxidative properties of passion

fruit (Passiflora edulis) leaves

Zainol, M.K., Wong, K.Y., Mohd. Zin,

Z., Kamarudin, K.S., Abdullah,

M.D.D., Ng, K.S. & Mamat, H.


Malaysia

O30

Nutraceutical evaluation and

antioxidant potential of bean seed

coat of red kidney bean (Phaseolus

vulgaris) and chickpea (Cicer

arietenum)

Zaidan, U.H., Ab Karim, N., Ahmad, S.

& Abd Gani, S.S.

Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia

11:00 –

11:15

O26

Microbiological quality and sensory

evaluation of partially dried fruit

salad ‘kerabu mangga’

Lani, M.N., Adnan, N.A, Mohd Maidin,

N., Ibrahim, R., and Hassan, Z.


Malaysia

O31

Detection of Coconut Milk

Adulteration

Hasim, A.S., Siang, Q.L., Yusof, F. &

Yusof, H.M.


Malaysia

Food Safety & Q

11.15 –

11.30

12:00 –

13:00

Closing ceremony

Auditorium 2

13:00 –

14:30

Lunch break

Dewan Seminar

Thursday, August 9th

08:00 –

16:00

Excursion (Minimum participant of 20 pax)

Tasik Kenyir Tour (Fees : To Be Announced)


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POSTER PRESENTATIONS

Food Science

PP1 Simultaneous determination of ethanol and methanol in “Alcohol-Free” beverages,

energy drinks and fruit juices by gas chromatography

Sirhan, A.Y., Wong, R., Mohammad, Y.M., Mostafa, A. & Al-Ebini, T.

Applied Science Private University, Jordan

PP2 Development and validation of an RP-HPLC method for simultaneous

determination of sorbic acid, benzoic acid, and natamycin in domestic yogurt in

Jordan

Sirhan, A.Y., Abdulra’uf, L., Mostafa, A., Talhouni, A. & Al-Ebini, T.

Applied Science Private University, Jordan

PP3 Effect of chitosan film on storage stability of culinary product (‘asam pedas’

cube)

Adzaly, N.Z., Kasim, N., Watt Moey, S., Anvarali, M.N., Manshor, M.R., Abd

Halim, K.H., Akbar, A. & Mohamad, H.

MARDI, Malaysia

PP4 Mardi new food product development: consumer acceptance of nutritious

functional food

Rusli, R., Ali, R., Ibrahim, A.H., Karuppan, J., Saari, S.B., Ishak, Z. & Wan

Zainon, W.Z.

MARDI, Malaysia

PS1 Effect of different drying methods on antioxidant properties, stevioside and

rebaudioside a of stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni) Rebaudiana leaves

Abdul Halim, A., Mohd Zin, Z., Mubarak, A. & Tufail Ahmad, F.

Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Malaysia

PS2 Antifungal activity of lactic acid bacteria isolated from fermented catfish (Clarias

gariepinus) in Controlling Sclerotium rolfsii Associated With Infected Chili Plant

Zakaria, S.F., Lani, M.N., Chuah, T.S., Ahmad, F., Ahmad, K.M. & Hassan, Z.


PP5 Development of white bread fortified with calcium derived from eggshell powder

Tuan Chilek, T.Z., Kairuman, N.A., Ahmad, F., Abdul Wahab, R., Zamri, A.I. &

Mahmood, A.


PS3 Physico-chemical analysis and antibacterial activity of raw honey of stingless bee

farmed in coastal areas in Kelantan and Terengganu

Hasali, N.H., Zamri, A.I., Lani, M.N. & Mubarak, A.


PP6 Assessment of food insecurity and food coping strategies among fishermen

household during monsoon in Terengganu, Malaysia

Nik Mohd Sanusi, N.N.N., Ali, A., Kamarudin, K.S. & Mohd Yusof, H.



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PP7 Comparison of liberica and arabica coffee: chlorogenic acid, caffeine, total

phenolic and DPPH radical scavenging activity

Mubarak, A., Croft, K.D., Bondonno, C.B. & Din, N.S.


PP8 Nutrient compositions of five selected glutinous rice-based traditional Malaysian

kuih

Mahmood, A., Yusof, H.M. & Lye, Y.M.


Agrotechnology

PP9 Effects of fertilizers and media on biomass of Justicia Gendarussa Burm F.

cuttings

Che Soh, N., Hamzah, N.A. & Mohd Shah, R.


PS4 Effect of root temperature on growth and production of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.)

grown in hydroponics

Siti Nadhirah, S.D., Yahya, A. & Khairulmazmi, A.

Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Malaysia

PS5 Red and blue LED spectra and its combination with cool white fluorescent light

affect the growth and quality of Brassicaceae microgreens

Ibrahim, N. & Awang, Y.

Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia

PP10 Preliminary observation on feeding behaviour and physical characteristics of

goats following supplementation of Sesbania grandiflora leaves

Azrul, L.M., Poungpong, K., Jittapalapong, S. &Prasanpanich, S.


PS6 In vitro antifungal potential of Lactococcus lactis isolated from agricultural soils

in Terengganu against anthracnose pathogen, Colletotrichum capsici

Fakri, M.A., Lani, M.N., Chuah, T.S., Alias, R. & Hassan, Z.


PP11 Performance and economic incentives cow calf operation of three cattle

crossbreeds at smallholder farmers in Yogyakarta Indonesia

RiniWidiati, Sudi Nurtini Tri Anggraeni Kusumastuti, Suci Paramitasari

Syahlani,Mujtahidah Anggriani Ummul Muzayanah



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KEYNOTE PAPER

MOCAF AGROINDUSTRY:

CASSAVA INTEGRATED VALUE CHAIN IN SUB-OPTIMAL LAND TO

EMPOWER FOOD SECURITY AND COMMUNITY WELFARE

Achmad Subagio

Universitas Jember

Jl. Kalimantan 37 Jember - Indonesia

Modified Cassava Flour (MOCAF) is a flour product from cassava, which is processed

by fermentation of lactic acid bacteria. The technology was developed by Universitas Jember

team to increase the use of cassava as abundant carbohydrate resource in Indonesia. Cassava is

not a strategic commodity, because of its poor acceptability as food raw material. Contrary,

MOCAF can be used as food ingredient with very wide use, ranging from noodle, bakery, snack

to semi-wet food, to substitute from wheat, rice/waxy rice to tapioca, and also can become the

main raw material of a new product with unique characteristics.

Using cluster system, which is involving farmers in production line of MOCAF,

significant social engineering has been carried out in several places since 2008, starting with

the formation of cooperatives, cluster formation, and business systems involving farmer group

networks with clusters of MOCAF chips scattered in various districts in Java, Kalimantan, and

Halmahera Maluku.

The presence of MOCAF chips processing clusters at the farm level triggered a biomass

cycle in cassava production areas. Cassava peel is processed into animal feed, and liquid waste

is into liquid fertilizer. Furthermore, the integration of organic fertilizer, cassava cultivation,

processing of chips, feed, and livestock, can be well applied in sub-optimal land, from coastal

sand, peatlands and dryland to mountains. Currently, we apply this system in the sand beach

land of Jember - Lumajang Regencies with coverage reaching to 80 ha, with target of 600

farmers involved.

Moreover, the presence of clusters and factories MOCAF will create various types of

businesses from workshops, woven bamboo, cassava vendors, transportation to food

processing. Nationally, more than 13 thousand job opportunities have been created from this

industry, thereby enhancing the welfare of the communities in the area of sub-optimal land and

national food security.


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PLENARY PAPER

MALAYSIAN UNDERUTILIZED PLANT SPECIES FOR FUTURE FOOD AND

AGRICULTURAL DIVERSITY

Mohd Shukri, M.A., Salma, I., Mohd Norfaizal, G., Khadijah, A., Muhammad Shafie, M.S.,

Site Noorzuraini, A.R., Izlamira, R., Noor Camellia, N.A., Suryanti, B., Zaulia, O., Maimun,

T., Camillus, B.A. and Azuan, A.

Genebank and Seed Centre, Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute

(MARDI), Persiaran MARDI-UPM, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

As one of the twelve mega-biodiversity countries in the world, Malaysia is blessed to

hold a reservoir of approximately 15,000 vascular plant species i.e. fruits, vegetables, herbs and

medicinal plants as well as underutilised species or crop wild relatives. Underutilised plant

species consist of neglected and unpopular, rare and wild crops which have a lot of potential as

food source, high nutritional content, for medicinal preparation or for landscape use. These

plant species have not been fully studied and little is known on their actual distribution and

potential. Some species are near to extinction due to deforestation activities and land

development. Therefore, MARDI had initiated collection, characterisation, evaluation and

utilisation of these species since 1970s. Based on the several surveys and collection expeditions

carried out in the forests, home gardens and orchards throughout the country, more than 18,000

accessions from 118 species of underutilised fruits, 39 species of traditional vegetables and

more than 100 species from other crops were identified, recorded and conserved in the

genebanks. Evaluation of the underutilised species indicated that some species such as

Mangifera odorata (kuini), Garcinia atroviridis (asam gelugor), Lepisanthes fruiticosa (ceri

Terengganu), Anacardium occidentale (gajus) and Pluchea indica (beluntas) are rich in

nutrition and antioxidant compounds for health benefits. Elite accessions for selected

underutilised species are up-scaled for further research and development (R&D).

Characterisation using molecular markers was also conducted for selected genera such as for

Mangifera and Durio species. Products such as pickles, flour, jam and juice from underutilised

species were developed and promoted for the public to value these potential valuable resources.

Some of the species can be used potentially for agriculture such as for the development of non-

food products i.e. biopesticidal formulation, antibacterial soap or antiseptic cream. It is hoped

that more R&D on underutilised species can be conducted as they can be the key role for

horticultural crops breeding and future product development to enrich Malaysia food and

agricultural sector.


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PLENARY PAPER

PREBIOTICS AND DIETARY FIBERS FROM FOOD PROCESSING BY-PRODUCTS

Santad Wichienchot

Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Nutraceutical and Functional Food (IGS-NFF), Prince

of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand 90112

The abundance of agricultural wastes or by-products from industrial and domesticated

food processing is the main cause of environment problems. Presently, scientific investigation

on the benefits or functional properties of waste and by-products from industrial food

processing for their utilization as functional ingredients. The most common by-products are

classified under carbohydrate and dietary fiber groups. Dietary fibers are a class of non-starch

polysaccharides (i.e. cellulose, dextrins, chitins, pectins, β-glucans and waxes) and lignin,

which are able to modulate the transit time through the gut. Prebiotics are non-digestible food

ingredients that beneficially affect the host by selectively stimulating the growth and/or activity

of one or a limited number of bacteria in the colon. However, it differs from the classical dietary

fibers in which is selectively stimulates the growth and/or activity of beneficial bacteria, i.e.

bifidobacteria and lactobacilli species. The non-digestible and fermentable oligosaccharides are

the most popular compounds, which gained specific interest because they had been reported to

possess significant prebiotic properties, such as galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS),

fructooligosaccharides (FOS), gentio-oligosaccharides, gluco-oligosaccharides,

isomaltooligosaccharides (IMO), mannan-oligosaccharides, chito-oligosaccharides (COS),

soybean oligosaccharide (SOS), pectic oligosaccharides (POS) and xylo-oligosaccharides

(XOS). Potential sources of by-products from food processing for production of prebiotics are

derived from various food industries and some from agricultural wastes or by-products. For

example, pectic oligosaccharide and fructo-oligosaccharide are generated from fruit and

vegetable processing and the sugar cane industry, xylo-oligosaccharide from wood and

corncob, chitooligosaccharide from seafood processing, ß-glucan from cereal and mushroom

by-products, while soybean oligosaccharide is a by-product from the tofu and soy protein

industry. Production of these prebiotics occurs through three main approaches; direct extraction

and/or purification, enzymatic depolymerization/synthesis and chemical synthesis. Currently,

the top production of prebiotics at high volumes is inulin and their oligomers (oligofructose

and fructooligosaccharide), followed by galacto-oligosaccharide. Prominent raw materials or

substrates for production of these prebiotics are roots of chicory and Jerusalem artichoke and


P a g e 21 | 92

lactose from the agriculture and dairy industries, respectively. However, due to high demand,

the cost of these raw materials is exponentially increasing every year. Thus, many

manufacturers of prebiotics are shifting the utilization of their raw materials from other

alternative sources with lower cost. Due to this situation, various by-products derived from

food processing, including agricultural-based items, are of much interest in terms of economy

and food sustainability.


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ORAL PRESENTATION ABSTRACTS

S01 EFFECT OF DIFFERENT DRYING METHODS ON THE MORPHOLOGICAL

STRUCTURE, COLOUR PROFILE AND CITRAL CONCENTRATION OF

LEMONGRASS (CYMBOPOGON CITRATUS) POWDER

1Hashim, M.A. 1*Yahya, F., 1Hamzah, Y. and 2Wan Aida, W.M. 1School of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala

Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia 2School of Chemical Sciences and Food Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology,

Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia

Lemongrass is a well-known aromatic herb due to its strong lemony odour which contributes

to several volatile compounds such as citral, β–myrcene and limonene. Volatile compounds of

the aromatic herb are consequently difficult to restrain due to high volatility and adverse effect

caused by thermal treatment applied during processing. Therefore, this study was conducted to

determine the effect of different drying methods on the morphological structure, colour profile

and citral concentration of lemongrass powder. Lemongrass powder was prepared by drying

the fresh lemongrass stalks with oven drying, vacuum drying and freeze-drying. The yield of

lemongrass powder resulted after drying processes were in the range of 9.92-11.09%. The

morphology structures of all lemongrass powders were flake-like structure, irregular size,

shrunk and appeared of pores. The freeze-dried powder was brighter in colour with L* value

of 84.51 ± 1.64 and obtained the highest citral concentration of 321.41 ± 19.97 ppm. This study

suggested that freeze-drying was the suitable method for preserving the colour qualities and

citral compound of lemongrass powder. The freeze-dried powder has high potential to be

applied in the food and beverage products.


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S02 EFFECT OF DRYING TEMPERATURES ON ANTIOXIDANT PROPERTIES OF

NAPIER GRASS (PENNISETUM PURPUREUM)

1Ng, K.S., 1Mohd-Zin, Z., 2Abdullah, M.A.A. and *1Zainol, M.K. 1School of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala

Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysi. 2School of Fundamental Science, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Terengganu,


This study aimed to determine the effect of oven drying temperatures on antioxidant properties

of Napier grass. Fresh samples of Napier grass were oven dried at 50, 60, 70, 80 and 90°C for

7h. Fresh and dried samples were extracted with water (95°C, 30min) and the extracts were

analysed for total phenolic content (TPC) assay, total flavonoid content (TFC) assay, diphenyl-

picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) assay, Ferric reducing antioxidant potential (FRAP) assay, ferric

thiocyanate (FTC) method and thiobarbituric acid (TBA) method. The data show significant

changes in TPC and TFC of Napier grass. DPPH radical scavenging activity of all the samples

were significantly increased after drying. Ferric reducing potential of fresh Napier grass extract

(71.31 ± 1.30) and samples dried at 50°C (66.62 ± 2.77) and 90°C (65.58 ± 5.98) were not

significant. Sample dried at 50°C showed no significant difference with that of fresh Napier

grass extract in FTC and TBA assay indicating it is a recommended drying temperature in

preserving antioxidants. The results suggested that Napier grass extract possess high

antioxidant properties and it can be potent natural antioxidants. It also shows that sample dried

at 50°C have the greatest antioxidant properties.


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S03 EXTRACTION AND OPTIMIZATION OF CHITOSAN FROM RAZOR CLAM

(ENSIS ARCUATUS) BY USING RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY (RSM)

*Wan Najma Farhaten, Amir Izzwan Zamri, Muhamad Qamarul Haziman

School of Food Science and Technology,University Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala

Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia

This study was designed and conducted to determine the optimum condition for the extraction

of chitosan from razor clam (Ensis arcuatus) by using response surface methodology (RSM).

The extraction was optimized using three levels and two variables which were the deacetylation

temperature (ºC) and its deacetylation time (hr). Demineralization, deproteination and

deacetylation were involved in the extraction process. A full factorial of central composite

design by Design Expert software was implemented. Four responses were evaluated such as,

yield%, degree of deacetylation %, ash content%, and moisture content% in order to ascertain

the extraction’s optimum condition. The optimum condition for the chitosan extraction were at

deacetylation temperature 80ºC, and 10 hours for deacetylation time. The yield of chitosan

48.5205%, degree of deacetylation, 51.9986%, ash content 81.046%, and moisture content of

2.026% could be obtained from the optimum condition.


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S04 ANTIBIOTIC SUSCEPTIBILITY OF LACTIC ACID BACTERIA (LAB) ISOLATED

FROM MALAYSIAN FERMENTED FOODS

1Ismail, S.N., *2Azmi, N.S., 3Essam A.M.

1Food Technology Department, Polytechnic Sultan Haji Ahmad Shah, 25350 Kuantan,

Pahang. 2,3Faculty of Industrial Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Lebuhraya Tun

Razak, 26300, Pahang, Malaysia

One of important probiotic properties of Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) is the ability to resist

towards antibiotics. However, the antibiotic susceptibility of LAB associated in Malaysian

fermented foods is less explored. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the antibiotic

susceptibility of isolated LAB from Pekasam (fermented fish), jeruk maman (fermented

vegetable), tapai (fermented glutinuous rice) and tempoyak (fermented durian). Twenty

selected strains growth on MRS agar were confirmed LAB by showing negative result in

catalase test, gram positive and rod shaped bacteria in gram staining test. All isolated LAB

were determined their antibiotic susceptibility towards Penicillin, Ampicillin, Kanamycin,

Vancomycin, Streptomycin, Tetracylin, Chloramphenicol and Rifampicin. All strains showed

different degree of resistance towards all eight antibiotic used. Three LAB strains which were

P-8, P-1 isolated from pekasam and M-3 isolated from jeruk maman showed ability to resist

towards all antibiotics used. It can be concluded that the results obtained from this study could

contribute to the potential use of isolated LAB as a probiotic in the food and pharmaceutical

industries.


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S05 PRELIMINARY PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND EFFECT OF HOT WATER

EXTRACTION CONDITIONS ON PHENOLIC CONTENTS AND ANTIOXIDANT

CAPACITIES OF Morinda citrifolia LEAF

Chong Kah Huia, Zamzahaila Mohd Zinab, Nurul Izwanie Majida, Mohamad Khairi Mohd

Zainola, Hayati Mohd Yusofa, Habsah Mohamadc

aSchool of Food Science and Technology, bCentre for Fundamental and Liberal Education, cInstitute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus,


Morinda citrifolia is a common plant in tropical countries which is believed to have beneficial

effects on human health. Qualitative phytochemical screening on fresh Morinda citrifolia leaf

(MCL) and MCL water extract was done to test the presence of phytochemical classes. The

effect of 3 extraction temperatures (70°C , 80°C, and 90°C) and times (15 min, 30 min, and 45

min) on the phenolic contents and antioxidant capacities of MCL water extract were

investigated. Total phenolic content (TPC) of the extracts was determined with Folin-Ciocalteu

method and total flavonoid content (TFC) was determined with aluminium chloride

colorimetric assay while antioxidant capacities were investigated through ferric reducing

antioxidant power (FRAP) and 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging

activity. Results showed that both fresh MCL and MCL water extract contained carbohydrate,

phytosterols, flavonoids, proteins, tannins, and triterpenoids. As comparison, MCL water

extract was found to have additional phytochemicals include alkaloids, saponins, phenols,

amino acids, and coumarins. The recommended extraction condition was (80°C, 30min) which

gave better antioxidant results, with 42.66±8.870 mg GAE/g extract for TPC, 6.00±0.408 mg

CE/g extract for TFC, 151.50±16.208 μM TEAC/mg extract for FRAP and IC50 of 0.57±0.095

mg/ml for DPPH. MCL with antioxidant properties might have great potential in nutraceutical

industry.


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S06 ENZYMATIC TRANSGLYCOSYLATION USING CYCLODEXTRIN

GLUCANOTRANSFERASE (CGTase) AS BIOCATALYST

Lim Chin Hui 1, Joko Sulisyto1, Babak Rasti1 and Mansoor Abdul Hamid 1

1Faculty Of Food Science and Nutrition, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, 88400, Kota

Kinabalu, Sabah.

Transglycosylation is an important process of transferring glycosyl group from donor to an

acceptor whether through in vivo or in vitro transfer reaction. In vitro transglycosylation

usually performed by enzymatic reaction due to simple reaction steps involve, low steric

hindrance, high regiospecificity, low production cost and eco-friendliness, and can be

performed under mild conditions when compared with chemical synthesis. One of the

common enzymes used in enzymatic transglycosylation is cyclodextrin glucanotransferase

(CGTase). The transglycosylated products catalysed by CGTase are widely used in food

additives, supplements, personal care and cosmetic products. This is because

transglycosylation reaction can improves solubility, stability, bioactivity of

transglycosylated product and elongates desired length of alkyl glucoside. This paper

presents importance of enzymatic transglycosylation and enzymes used in the reaction,

characteristics and mechanism of CGTase, production of glycosidic linkages catalysed by

CGTase, sources and production yield of CGTase, effect of donor specificity, acceptor

specificity, pH, temperature, metal ions, organic reagent, CGTase’s concentration,

CGTase’s sources, homogeneous and heterogeneous enzyme reaction systems, preparation

techniques on transglycosylation activity catalysed by CGTase, conversion yield of

transglycosylated product and advantages of transglycosylation reaction using CGTase.


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S07 CHEMICAL AND FUNCTIONAL PROPERTIES OF ROSE CACTUS (Pereskia bleo)

MUCILAGE AS AFFECTED BY DIFFERENT PURIFICATION MEDIUMS

Nurul Farhanah, M. A., *Nor Hayati, I., Yusnita, H. and Mohd Zul Helmi, R.

School of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala

Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia

Rose cactus (Pereskia bleo) leaves contain a complex polysaccharide called mucilage, which

its functionality in foods should be better explored. This study aimed to investigate the effects

of different purification mediums on the chemical and functional properties of rose cactus

mucilage (RCM). Crude mucilage from leaves of rose cactus was extracted by using 0.14 M

NaOH solution at 70°C. Three different purification mediums were employed i.e. isopropanol,

saturated barium hydroxide and Fehling solution to obtain mucilage that pure in chemical

composition with improved functional properties. Of all mediums, saturated barium hydroxide

significantly (p < 0.05) gave the highest recovery yield (52.61%) of RCM, with the best

properties especially in terms of crude protein content (26.01%), solubility at 60°C (87.19%),

water holding capacity (WHC) (393.88%) and also with emulsifying capacity and emulsion

stability (at 1% solution) of 14.11% and 10.44%, respectively. The values were also

significantly (p < 0.05) higher than those recorded for crude mucilage. Fourier transformed

infrared spectra revealed that RCM was characterized by a β-(14)-D-glucosidic main

backbone while galactose, glucose, mannose, arabinose, xylose and uronic acid were the

monosaccharide’s identified. The mucilage was also determined to contain high amount of

magnesium (7.95 g/kg) and potassium (6.29g/kg). The findings signify that purification using

saturated barium hydroxide could be used to improve the chemical and functional properties of

RCM ensuring its wider application in the food industry.


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S08 LAND EVALUATION ASSESSMENT USING CLIMATIC CLASSIFICATION

SYSTEM FOR AGRICULTURAL BENEFITS IN PENINSULAR MALAYSIA

Usman Mohammed Ishaq


The Köppen Climate Classification subtype for this climate is referred to as “Af." which

Peninsular Malaysia falls within. Papadakis system of climate classification provide distinctive

consideration into ecological requirements of the diverse agricultural crops such that the

classification indicates the agricultural potential and limitation in a region. It involves the use

of calculation with a primary climatic data which uses an average in all the lowest data of an

average daily minimum and maximum temperature, also vapor pressure and rainfall. And to

determine the coldest months in a year, an average monthly temperatures is necessitated. While

the potential monthly evapotranspiration was calculated with the use of these formula PET

equal 5.625(eatmax-ed) where eatmax is equal to saturation vapor pressure that relates to average

daily maximum. This system also enable a useful interpretation of the possible land utilization

types. The benefit of this system is that the meteorological data required for the classification

are generally accessible in the country. A global system of classifying world climate such as

Papadakis system has shown that this system can be used to classify the climate of Peninsular

Malaysia to a great level of detail.


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S09 EFFECT OF NUTRIENT PRE AND POST-PLANTING SLOW RELEASE

FERTILIZER INTO ZEOLITE CONTAINING KENAF CORE FIBRE NON

PERFORMANCE OF MARIGOLD PLANT

Bilal Adil Mohammed and Adzemi Mat Arshad

Laboratory of Soil Science, School of Food Science and Technology

Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 20130 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia

Kenaf core fiber (KCF) could become a good growing substrate as the material is renewable,

easy to handle, lightweight and low cost. However, KCF has poor chemical and physical

properties due to its low cation exchange capacity (CEC) and water retention capacity. The study

was conducted to determine the effects of different concentrations of zeolite incorporated to

KCF on growth and development of marigold plant; to examine the physical and chemical

properties of the substrate consisting of KCF by applying different rates of slow- release

fertilizer; to determine the effects of different rates of slow-release fertilizer on growth and

flowering of marigold plants grown on KCF containing different concentrations of zeolite. The

result of this study shows that using KCF as a soilless media mixed with different amounts of

zeolite had significant effect on plant height. However, using KCF as a substrate media contain

different concentrations of zeolite incorporated to the slow release fertilizer resulted to a good

performance on growth and developments of marigold plant.


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S10 INTERACTION BETWEEN OIL PALM FROND RESIDUE MULCH AND

ISOXAFLUTOLE ACTIVITY ON EMERGENCE OF THREE SELECTED WEEDS

IN LANDSCAPES

1Nordin M. Amirul, *1Chuah Tse Seng, 2Masilamany Dilipkumar 1School of Food Science and Technology, University Malaysia Terengganu,

21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu Darul Iman, Malaysia 2Inbred Rice Program, Rice Research Center Malaysian Agricultural

Research and Development Institute (MARDI) MARDI 13200 Seberang

Perai, Kepala Batas, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia

A combination of mulch and herbicide holds promise as a method to control weeds in

landscapes. This study aimed to evaluate the interaction between isoxaflutole herbicide and oil

palm frond (OPF) mulch on inhibition of goosegrass, slender cyperus and coat buttons under

glasshouse conditions. Three suboptimal rates of isoxaflutole, representing low, medium and

high rates were applied alone or used to treat 3.5 t ha-1 OPF residue powder (< 2mm),

respectively. There was no interaction when treating the OPF mulch with isoxaflutole at the

low rate (0.16 g a.i. ha-1). The OPF mulch treated with isoxaflutole had synergistic effect on

inhibition of coat buttons regardless of application rate. In contrast, The OPF mulch treated

with the high rate of isoxaflutole (0.65 g a.i. ha-1) gave antagonism on inhibition of goosegrass

and slender cyperus seedling emergence. These results suggest that interaction between

isoxaflutole and OPF mulch is weed species and rate dependent.


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S11 AN ASSESSMENT ON PRE- AND POST-FOOD HYGIENE TRAINING ON FOOD

SAFETY’S KAP LEVEL AMONG FOOD HANDLERS IN KUALA TERENGGANU

AND KUALA NERUS

Siti Nur’Afifah Jaafar, Tuan Zainazor Tuan Chilek, Siti Murnirah binti Che Has


Terengganu, Terengganu

This study was conducted to examine food handlers’ knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP)

on food safety before and after food hygiene training. Study involved hundred food handlers

who attended food hygiene training course in five training schools around Kuala Terengganu

and Kuala Nerus district. The food safety KAP (n=100) was assessed using questionnaire

before and after training course. The data were analysed using the SPSS version 22.0. There

were improvements in food handlers’ of food safety knowledge score after training.

However, improvements were noted for certain areas of food safety although most food

handlers had attended food hygiene training course before. The areas were foodborne

pathogens, foodborne disease symptoms, personal hygiene, sanitation and food handling. In

general, food handlers had positive attitudes towards food safety and excellent scores of food

safety practices were recorded. There was no significant difference for food safety attitude

scores before and after food hygiene training. A statistically significant difference in

knowledge and practice scores of food handlers before and after attending food hygiene

training was discovered. In conclusion, food hygiene training had significantly given

improvement on food handlers’ food safety knowledge and practice, but not attitudes.


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S12 OPTIMIZATION OF ENZYMATIC HYDROLYSIS CONDITION OF EDIBLE

BIRD’S NEST USING PROTAMEX® TO OBTAIN MAXIMUM DEGREE OF

HYDROLYSIS

Amiza, M.A., Khuzma, D, and Kee, C.H.



This study reported on the optimization of enzymatic hydrolysis condition of edible bird’s nest

(EBN) using Protamex® to obtain maximum degree of hydrolysis degree (DH). Besides, the

proximate analyses of soaked cleaned raw EBN and its lyophilized hydrolysate powder

prepared under optimum condition (suggested in this study) were also compared. Response

surface methodology (RSM) was employed using a three-level face-centered Central

Composite Design (CCD) at four different parameters, namely temperature (40-60oC),

concentration of Protamex® (0.5-1.5%), pH (5.5-9.5) and hydrolysis time (2-6 hr). It was found

that a quadratic fit could explain the effect of these four variables on the DH of EBN. The

optimum condition was obtained at temperature 59.9°C, pH of 6.3, Protamex® concentration

of 2% and hydrolysis time of 5.4 hr. The DH achieved under this optimum condition was

33.88%, which was close to the predicted DH of 34.11%. It was found that the lyophilized

EBN hydrolysate powder prepared under the optimum condition gave similar protein and

carbohydrate content, but lower fat content and higher ash content as compared to cleaned raw

EBN.


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S13 FACTORS AFFECTING ENZYMATIC HYDROLYSIS OF OIL PALM FROND

BAGASSE USING CELLIC HTec2 FOR XYLOOLIGOSACCHARIDES

PRODUCTION

1Yaacob, A. S. M., 1Mazlan, N. A., 1Samad, K. A., 1Saufi, S. M., *1Yussof, H. W., and 2Jahim, J. 1Faculty of Chemical and Natural Resources Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang,

Lebuhraya Tun Razak, 26300, Gambang, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia 2Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built

Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia

Enzymatic hydrolysis has become outstanding technology in converting lignocellulosic

biomass to its xylose monomer for xylooligosaccharides (XOS) production. The present work

involves an investigation on the effects of enzyme loading, agitation speed, substrate loading,

temperature and hydrolysis time on enzymatic hydrolysis for XOS production. Pretreated oil

palm frond bagasse by dilute nitric acid was used for enzymatic hydrolysis using Cellic HTec2.

The effects of factors were analyzed by half fractional factorial design 25-1 using Design Expert

with Response Surface Methodology (RSM) to achieve maximum XOS production. The results

revealed that the best enzymatic hydrolysis condition yielded 4.13 mg/L of XOS when

conducted at 5% (w/v) of substrate loading, 50 U/mL enzyme loading with 200 rpm agitation

speed and 55°C for 4 hours of hydrolysis time. Two factors that contributed to the highest

production of XOS were substrate loading and enzyme loading. The model obtained in this

present research is significant with p-value < 0.0001 and R-squared of 0.9545. It is

recommended that model had a maximum point which is possible for the optimization process

later. Overall, the findings of this study suggest that Cellic HTec2 is a suitable candidate for

enzymatic hydrolysis of pretreated OPFB for higher XOS production.


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S14 LABORATORY DETERMINED SUGAR CONTENT AND COMPOSITION OF

SELECTED SUGAR SWEETENED BEVERAGES (SSBS) AND SNACKS IN

KELANTAN

H Noor-Fadzlina1*, A.J. Rohana2, H Roziyani1, M Amira-Suriyati1, W.I. Wan Rosli1, NN

Naing3, C Pachotikarn4, L Prapkree4, N Rueangsri5, S Yamamoto6 1Nutrition and Dietetic Program, School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia,

16150 Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia

2Department of Community Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia,

16150 Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia 3Institute for Health Community Development (i-CODE), Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin,

Gong Badak, 21300 Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia 4Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, 999 Phutthamonthon 4 Rd., Salaya,

Phutthamonthon, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand 5Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Burapha University, 169, Bangsaen, Chonburi 20131,

Thailand 6Asian Nutrition and Food Culture Research Center, Jumonji University, 2-1-28 Sugasawa,

Niiza, Saitama 352-8510, Japan

Sugars are important ingredients for the sugar sweetened beverages (SSBs) and snack foods

industries. All sugars provide sweet taste but the intensity, quality and temporal profile of the

sweeteners varies by type of sugar. The objective of this study was to determine sugar

composition and it would contribute to the development of Malaysia database sugar

composition table. Enzymatic technique was used to determine sugar composition in SSBs and

snack foods, where combination of enzyme in sequential was used. The results showed the

amount of isomerized sugar was found predominant in some beverages and minor in snack

foods. However, the sucrose was the major component of total sugar in all of the SSBs and

snack foods. The maltose level was the highest in instant chocolate malt drink and ground

peanut cookies for SSBs and snack foods, respectively. The galactose levels in all sample was

found to be very little. Lactose content was high in dairy products and snack foods samples

such as chocolate coated, chocolate spread, chocolate nugget, chocolate coated wafer, milk

chocolate coated wafer and chocolate rice cereal. The highest total sugar was found in instant

coffee milk (60.65±3.13 g/100ml) for SSBs and milk chocolate coated (63.69±2.25 g/100g) for

snack foods. In general, these findings suggested that total sugar composition of the food

packaging items did not only indicate of sucrose as sugar content but also include either

glucose, fructose, maltose, galactose or lactose. This information need to be disseminated to

the public to increase awareness about the total sugar on food labels.


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S15 ANTIMICROBIAL RESISITANCE ON Escherichia coli ISOLATED OF ULAM

FROM SUPERMARKETS AND WET MARKETS IN KUALA TERENGGANU,

MALAYSIA

Anis Athirah Bahri1, Wahida Salleh2, Mohd Nizam Lani1* and Wan Zawiah Wan Abdullah1

1School of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala


2Terengganu Food Safety and Quality Laboratory, Ministry of Health Malaysia, 21200 Kuala


Raw vegetables were highly exposed to microbial contamination by handling at harvest or

during postharvest processing. Nowadays, emerging issues threatening the public health are

bacterial resistance to antibiotics due to the excessive usage and misuse of antibiotics in

agriculture. In this study, antibiotic susceptibility profiles of 23 Escherichia coli strains were

tested by the standard disk diffusion method. Sixteen antimicrobial agents namely amikacin,

amoxycillin/cluvanic acid, ampicillin, ampicillin/sulbactam, chloramphenicol, ceftriaxone,

ciproflaxacin, ceftazidime, cephalotin, cefoperazone, gentamicin, kanamycin, nalidixic acid,

streptomycin, tetracycline and trimetoprim were included in this study. 78.3% of the E. coli

isolates were found to be resistant to cephalotin and it was the highest compared with the other

antibiotics. It was found that 87% of isolates exhibited resistance to at least one antibiotic. E.

coli showed high resistance to ampicilin (52.2%) and tetracycline (52.2%). In contrast,

ceftriaxone and ceftazidime were found to be (100%) effective in restraining the growth of E.

coli isolates. The highest multiple antibiotic resistance index (MAR) index was 0.48. Multiple

resistance was observed in 47.8% of isolates with resistance to three to seven antibiotics. In

conclusion, ulam could be potential source of these antibiotic resistant of E. coli, and it may

pose health threat to consumers.


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S16 ANTIOXIDANT, PHYTOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES AND ANTICANCER

PROPERTIES OF HONEY AND BLACK SEED MIXTURE ON MCF-7 CELL LINE

1Kua, M.P., 2Islamiah, M. 1,3Hadi, N, and 1, 2*Yusof, H.M., 1School of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala

Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia 2Institute Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus,

Terengganu, Malaysia 3School of Nutrition and Dietetic, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin

(UniSZA), Hafsah Block, Gong Badak Campus, 21300 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia

Breast cancer is a leading cause of death of women in Malaysia, accounting for 17.7% of all

cancer cases reported and 31.1% of all female cases. Chemotherapy drugs are effective in

breast cancer treatment but may cause physiological and psychological distress to the patient.

Therefore, an alternative way to provide better anticancer treatment with less side effects is

important. Honey and black seed have been reported to show strong anticancer and antioxidant

properties. The combination and synergistic of honey and black seed is believed to have

pharmaceutical and medical values particularly in cancer research. Thus, in the present study,

honey and black seed mixture extracted using methanol and water such as methanolic extracted

honey and black seed mixture (ME), aqueous extracted honey and black seed mixture (AE) and

mixture of methanolic extracted honey and aqueous extracted black seed (ME+AE) were

evaluated for their anticancer and antioxidant properties.Antioxidant properties of the mixtures

were determined using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhdrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging assay and

the half maximal effective concentration (EC50) were determined. Meanwhile, anticancer

properties of the mixtures were evaluated on MCF-7 breast cancer cell line. Results revealed,

in the antioxidant assays, the EC50 values of AE, ME and ME+AE mixture were evaluated to

be at 4.15 mg/mL, 2.47 mg/mL and 4.17 mg/mL, respectively. In the anticancer study, there

was no significant difference (p>0.05) between extraction methods on the cytotoxicity of MCF-

7 cell line. . The IC50 values obtained from different extraction method range between 13.27

µg/mL to 16.45 µg/mL.In addition, bioactive compounds such as alkaloid, flavonoid, phenol,

tannin and saponin via phytochemical screening test in honey and black seed mixture might

contribute to its high cytotoxic activity. Therefore, the use of honey and black seed mixture as

a health supplement for its of anticancer and antioxidant benefits should be considered.


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S17 OPTIMIZATION OF ENZYMATIC PROTEIN HYDROLYSIS CONDITIONS TO

OBTAIN MAXIMUM ANGIOTENSIN-I-CONVERTING ENZYME (ACE)

INHIBITORY ACTIVITY FROM FLOWER CRAB (PORTUNIS PELAGICUS) MEAT

Amiza, M.A., *Zaliha, H. and Intan Liyana, M.R.



In this study, optimization of enzymatic protein hydrolysis conditions of flower crab (Portunis

pelagicus) meat to yield maximum angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity

was carried out using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Prior to optimization of

enzymatic hydrolysis, screening of commercial food grade enzymes (Alcalase®, Neutrase®,

Protamex® and papain) was carried out to select the most suitable proteinase to yield high ACE

inhibitory activity. Optimization study employed a 3-level face-centered central composite

design (CCD) to optimize four hydrolysis parameters including temperature (45-55°C),

hydrolysis time (1-3 hours), pH (6-8) and Neutrase® to substrate ratio (E/S) (1-3%).

Furthermore, half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of flower mud crab hydrolysate

prepared at optimum condition was also determined. It was found that the highest ACE

inhibitory activity (85.52%) was given by Neutrase® after 2 hours hydrolysis time. Hence,

Neutrase® was used in the optimization study. It was found that the enzymatic hydrolysis of

flower crab meat towards ACE inhibitory activity could be predicted by a quadratic model. The

optimum enzymatic hydrolysis condition for maximum ACE inhibitory activity was at

temperature of 54°C, enzyme to substrate (E/S) ratio of 3%, pH of 7 and hydrolysis time of 1

hr. It was found that the predicted value of ACE inhibitory activity (97.21%) was close to that

of experimental value (90.34%). This study shows that RSM can be used to describe

interrelationship between hydrolysis conditions and ACE inhibitory activity. In addition, this

study found that the IC50 for ACE inhibitory activity of flower crab meat hydrolysate prepared

under optimum condition was 0.425±0.05 mg/ml.


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S18 MICROBIOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF KEROPOK LEKOR PRODUCTION IN

KUALA TERENGGANU AND MARANG, TERENGGANU

1,2Haslinda, W.H., 2*Mohd Nizam, L., 2Yusnita, H., 3Rozila, A. and 4Zaiton, H. 1Food Safety and Quality Laboratory, Terengganu Health State Department, Kg. Bukit

Tunggal, 21200 Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu. 2School of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala

Nerus, Terengganu. 3International Halal Institute Universiti Selangor (INSHA), Seksyen 7, 40000 Shah Alam,

Selangor, Malaysia 4Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia (USIM), Bandar Baru

Nilai, 71800 Nilai, Negeri Sembilan.

Keropok lekor is a popular Terengganu heritage traditional snack and its microbiological safety

is one of the important aspects should be of concern. Thus, the present study was carried out to

assess microbiological status of keropok lekor, and its production premises in Kuala

Terengganu and Marang. A total of 136 samples were collected randomly from eight premises

(in three replicates) comprising of raw materials, food contact surfaces and ready to eat (RTE).

All samples were analysed for aerobic plate count (APC), total coliforms (TC) count,

Escherichia coli and detection of foodborne pathogens. Results showed that the APC and TC

count in raw materials (fish flesh, sago starch, ice, dough and chilli paste) ranged from below

the detection limit (< 1.0 log10 CFU/g) to 6.7 log10 CFU/g and 4.6 log10 CFU/g, respectively.

While, food contact surfaces have the APC and TC in the range of < 1.0 to 6.4 log10 CFU/cm2

and < 1.0 to 4.1 log10 CFU/cm2, respectively. The food handlers hand swabs had APC and TC

counts between 2.2 to 6.4 log10 CFU/cm2 and < 1.0 to 4.4 log10 CFU/cm2, respectively. RTE

keropok lekor and dipping sauce contained APC in 1.8 to 5.5 log10 CFU/g and < 1.0 to 5.1 log10

CFU/g range, respectively. TC was detected as unsatisfactory level (> 1.7 log10 CFU/g) in three

keropok lekor samples. E. coli was found in 10.29% of samples and all of them were non-

diarrheagenic serotypes. Two RTE keropok lekor and display containers were contaminated

with E. coli. Coagulase positive staphylococci, Salmonella and Vibrio parahaemolyticus were

detected in four, two and one samples, respectively, with none of them found to have Vibrio

cholerae and Listeria monocytogenes. High prevalence of indicator organisms in food contact

surfaces and food handlers hand indicated that hygiene practices were not well implemented.

The unsatisfactory levels of presence of APC, TC and E. coli in RTE keropok lekor also

described cross contamination due to inadequate hygiene practices after cooking process.


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O1 REVEGETATION EFFORTS AT FORMER MINING LAND IN CITATAH KARS

AREA WEST BANDUNG REGENCY

Hana Humaeriyah1, Sukron Romadhona2

1University of Padjadjaran, Jl. Raya Bandung Sumedang, Hegarmanah, Jatinangor, Kabupaten

Sumedang, Jawa Barat 45363 2University of Jember, Jalan Kalimantan No. 37, Kampus Tegalboto, Sumbersari, Jember,

Kabupaten Jember, Jawa Timur 68121

Citatah karst area is the oldest kars in West Java that located in District Cipatat West Bandung

Regency. Karst area in Cipatat District Gunung Masigit Village has 1,053 Ha area, one of the

areas that have a potential of cultural heritage and geological reserves. Mining activities

conducted in the kars area Citatah Gunung Masigit Village, in the form of active mining and

post mining, resulting in decreased quality of physical, chemical, and biological soil fertility.

To solve problems in post-mining areas, governments should be able to replace community

livelihoods (such as limestone mining) to agriculture, farming, tourism and the creative

economy. Through the efforts of plant revegetation. Several options plan that will be developed

based on environmental, social, and economic conditions. Selection of plants for revegetation

purposes, will be analyzed using Analytical Hierarcy Process (AHP), while to know the public

response to revegetation and soil fertility assessment, will be analyzed descriptively. Based on

the results obtained from the community response level, a positive response from the AHP

analysis of the agrotourism revegetation program has a relative value of 0.834 states agreement

for revegetation program with each positive response given that the most positive response is

a conative response of 0.395, continued by cognitive response 0.277, affective response 0.199,

while the relative value of the lowest response were shown in the negative response of 0.13.

On the type of election plant revegetation, has acquired the plant revegetation well developed

based on the relative value of the highest to the lowest of which is; 1). Corn (0.338 the highest

crop species to be a revegetation commodity in both of social, economic and environmental

conditions, 2). Guava (0,216), 3). Albasiah (0.109), 4). Cassava (0.084), 5). Soybean (0,043),

6) Cucumbers, Bananas, yam each have a relative value (0.042). Albasiah and nuts, can be used

as pioneer plants to improve the fertility of the land before being developed in fruit and

vegetable crops.


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O2 EFFECT OF SILVICULTURE MANAGEMENT ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE

OF Justicia gendarussa Burm F.

Norhidayah Che Soh1*, Nur Adnilaila Hamzah2 and Ramisah Mohd Shah1

1School of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030

Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia 2Faculty of Forestry, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

Justicia gendarussa is an important medicinal plant. In modern societies, J. gendarussa is used

for many health problem.To fulfill the market’s demand, a large production of medicinal herb

is needed. This study was conducted to determine the best cutting part, medium and fertilizer

for growth of J. gendarussa. Mother plant were divided into shoot and mid-stem, after that

samples were assigned to media of topsoil, topsoil mixed with palm oil mill effluent (POME)

at the ratio of 1:1, 1:2, and POME only. Fertilizers used were wood charcoal, bamboo charcoal

and chicken manure with 0 g, 50 g, 100 g and 150 g. At nursery, result indicated that shoot part

and medium of topsoil (1): POME (2) had the highest growth. At the site, there was significant

different between the medium, type of fertilizer and the growth rates. For plant height, the

highest result presented by shoot part, topsoil (1): POME (2) and chicken manure with 150 g.

For crown diameter, the mid-stem, topsoil (1): POME (2) and chicken manure with 100 g is

the best. For plant diameter, shoot cutting, topsoil and 150 g wood charcoal gave the highest.

As conclusion, almost all treatments give significant difference on growth of J.gendarusa.


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O3 IMPACT OF THE NATIONAL FADAMA DEVELOPMENT PROJECT ON THE

CAPACITY OF SMALL HOLDER FARMER FOR SUSTAINABLE LIVELIHOODS

IN KATSINA STATE NIGERIA

1Maiunguwa, S. & 2Adefila, J.O. 1Isa Kaita College Of Education, Pmb 5007, Dutsinma Katsina State, Nigeria 2Geography Department , Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Nigeria

As one of the many strategies that use agriculture to drive the economy along the path of

sustainable growth, the federal government, in partnership with state governments, local

governments and peasants, and with the support of the World Bank, initiated the national

Fadama programme, the aim of which is to leverage the unique characteristics of the vast

wetlands in the country to promote year-round farming in order to sustain the livelihoods of the

farmers and boost domestic food supply. The scope of Phases I and II of the Fadama

programme from 2000 to 2008 was characterized by a strong emphasis on arable farming. The

scope was extended in Phase III to encompass sustainable rural livelihoods by promoting

diversification into non-farm economic activities. This study sets out to examine the extent to

which the Fadama programme has been able to develop the capacity of smallholder farmers for

sustainable livelihoods in Katsina State. The data used for the study were gathered in field

surveys using two sets of structured questionnaires amongst sampled groups of beneficiaries

and officials of the Fadama programme in the State. The key areas of Fadama intervention to

communities include; Asset development, Agricultural inputs, infrastructural development and

Capacity building. The achievements of the Project were observed in the improvement of the

Beneficiaries’ capacity to diversify within and outside agriculture. Eleven (11) different types

of 1900 subprojects were executed to the completion level. However the average monthly

income of the Beneficiary FUG members was found to be generally low and varied as most

could be said to be within the poverty line. This is because income was found to be constrained

by household size which induced family and community responsibilities. Nonetheless

improving access to factors of production which Fadama project had made the Beneficiaries to

achieve also translate into income improvement, self empowerment, by enabling the poor

especially women and landless to become economic agents of change, they made laudable

investments to improve their livelihood activities. However, most Beneficiaries are poor

farmers and are constantly held back by prices that are too low to be remunerative and too

volatile to consider continuous investments. Climatic variations, diseases and pest,

vulnerability in interactions with commercial operators, difficulty in entering remunerative


P a g e 43 | 92

value chains and markets and in freely choosing and appropriating suitable technologies are

every day challenges. Thus the study recommends that Fadama effort to diversify the Katsina

State’ economy by supporting off-farm activities in villages and rural growth centers need to

be accompanied by measures to strengthen the rural-urban linkages. These require that rural

growth centers be promoted in the context of rural development. while appropriate measure to

create mass purchasing power in urban areas through promotion of labour intensive activities

and an enabling environment for small-scale informal activities and cottage industries are

crucial for the enhancement of market and income opportunities for producers. This requires

provision and or rehabilitation of social and economic infrastructures.

O4 THE EFFECT OF PLANTING MATERIAL ON CHEMICAL COMPOSITION,

PRODUCTION, AND DIGESTIBILITY OF Brachiaria Sp IN YOGYAKARTA,

INDONESIA

Nafiatul Umami, Slamet Widodo, and Bambang Suhartanto

Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

This research aims to identify chemical composition, production, and digestibility of

Brachiaria sp with different planting materials in Yogyakarta Indonesia. Planting material used

in this research are seeds (10 days germination) and pols. This research use split-plot design

which main plot is varieties of Brachiaria and subplot is planting material, and each treatment

replicated nine times. The parameter that observed in this research are; dry matter, organic

matter, crude fiber, and crude protein, fresh production, dry matter production, organic matter

production, dry matter digestibility, and organic matter digestibility. The result of this research

is, planting material significantly affected (P>0.05) to chemical composition. The use of pols

can increase dry matter content (23.10%) but also increase crude fiber content (30.15). Planting

material does not significantly affect (P>0.05) on production and digestibility of Brachiaria

sp. Varieties of Brachiaria sp shows significantly (P<0.05) different from chemical

composition, production, and digestibility. B. decumben show the best result on dry matter

(24%), and organic matter (87%), and B. ruziziensis show the best result on crude protein

content (11.86%), B. decumben show the best result on production with 6.83 ton ha-1 fresh

production, 1.69 ton ha-1 dry matter production, and 1.48 ton ha-1 organic matter production. B.

ruziziensis show the best result on dry matter digestibility with 78.40%, and B. decumben show

the best result on organic matter digestibility with 82.56%.


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O5 CASE-CONTROL RETROSPECTIVE STUDY ON CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE

RISK AND QUALITY OF LIFE AMONG MALAY ADULTS

Mo Min Erl, Asma’ Ali, Norhayati Hadi, Sakinah Harith And Hayati Mohd Yusof

School of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu (UMT),

21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia

In recent years, cardiovascular disease (CVD) has become the top cause of mortality, morbidity,

and hospitalization in Malaysia. This study aimed to identify the most significant CVD risk

factor and protective factor among Malay adults in Kuala Terengganu, as well as to compare

the quality of life between case and control groups. A case-control study via self-administered

questionnaire was carried out among 130 respondents aged 23 to 56 years in Universiti

Malaysia Terengganu (UMT) and Nursing College Kuala Terengganu to compare past

exposure (retrospective) between case and control groups to CVD risk. In the present study, 68

of them were in a case group with high blood cholesterol (total cholesterol [TC] ≥ 5.18

mmol/L), while the other 62 were in a control group with normal range of blood cholesterol

(total cholesterol [TC] < 5.18 mmol/L). Purposive sampling was first applied to select the

respondents in Kuala Terengganu. Then, consecutive sampling and quota sampling were

performed in the study locations to recruit respondents, considering type of respondents (case

or control group) as a factor. The data were analysed using Independent-Samples t-test, Mann-

Whitney U test, Chi-Square test and odds ratio (OR). The findings show no significant

differences (p > 0.05) between the two groups in terms of CVD risk factors. However, by

comparing the food frequency consumption scores, their fish consumption levels were found

to be significantly different (p = 0.010). The control group had higher consumption (with score

of 60.8) compared to the case group (with a score of 50.8). Overweight or obesity was the only

significant risk factor (OR: 2.13, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.06 to 4.29), while the only

significant protective factor was the absence of any chronic diseases (OR: 0.00, 95% CI: 0.00

to 0.03), which were found to be associated with CVD, such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus

and stroke. Furthermore, quality of life of the control group was higher than that of the case

group, but this difference was not significant (p > 0.05). Overweight or obesity is a major risk

factor of CVD, while the absence of any chronic diseases is a major protector factor.


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O6 CONSUMPTION OF DIETARY SUPPLEMENT AND HEALTH-RELATED

QUALITY OF LIFE AMONG CANCER SURVIVORS IN KUALA LUMPUR

Lee Sook Yin1, Hayati Mohd Yusof1, Azizah Mahmood1 and Noor Salihah Zakaria1 1School of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu (UMT),


The use of dietary supplements has become increasingly more popular in the recent year

especially among cancer survivors. This research aimed to assess the supplement consumption

among cancer survivors’ and to compare the BMI and health-related quality of life (HRQoL)

between dietary supplement users and non-users. A cross-sectional study was conducted at

National Cancer Society Malaysia (NCSM) and Gleneagles Kuala Lumpur using convenience

sampling. Cancer survivors above 18 years old and diagnosed with any type of cancers were

invited to participate. The following aspects were evaluated: dietary supplement consumption

and HRQoL (EORTC QLQ-C30). A total of 84 cancer survivors were gathered (median age:

55 years old; median cancer duration: 30 months). Two-thirds of the respondents reported using

dietary supplement over the past one year (65.5%). Calcium, vitamin C and multivitamin were

the commonly used dietary supplement. ‘Doctor’s suggestion’ was the most common reason

of supplement consumption. Supplement intake was significantly higher among cancer

survivors with lower BMI (p = 0.007). Supplement users had significantly experienced more

insomnia (p = 0.0045) compared to non-users. There was a significant proportion of dietary

supplement users among cancer survivors. Except for BMI and insomnia, all others variables

were not associated with supplement consumption.


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O7 CONSUMERS’ KNOWLEDGE, RISK PERCEPTION, ATTITUDE, AND PURCHASE

INTENTION OF SEAFOOD IN JITRA, KEDAH

Kayvalin Suwanmani, Siti Munirah Che Has and Siti Nur’afifah Jaafar

School of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala

Nerus, Terengganu

Seafood is the most popular high protein food compared to other protein sources. Consuming

two seafood meals weekly is the recommended advice from the government and health

organizations. The main objective of this study is to determine consumers’ knowledge, risk

perception, attitude, and purchase intention of seafood in Jitra, Kedah. Besides, relationship

between study variables was examined. Data was collected among 200 consumers aged 18

years old who shopped seafood at hypermarket, using self-administered questionnaire. Score

of consumers’ knowledge of seafood indicate that 75 percent respondents have good

knowledge. For the risk perception, consumers rated all statements neither agree nor disagree

that seafood consumption is risky. Overall, consumers have almost positive attitudes towards

seafood. Despite low rating for risk perception and attitudes towards seafood, consumers have

positive intention in purchasing seafood. Results also indicate that consumers’ knowledge and

attitudes on seafood will affect their purchase intention of seafood while their perception of

seafood risk may not influence their intention to purchase seafood. It is anticipated that the

outcome of this research may be beneficial to the government to establish campaign to increase

consumers’ knowledge and attitudes towards seafood consumption and in turns will improve

their intake of seafood for better protein intake in their diet.


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O8 BREAKFAST CONSUMPTION AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH COGNITIVE

PERFORMANCE AMONG FISHERMEN’S CHILDREN IN TERENGGANU

Tai Sin Wei, Asma’ Ali*, Noor Salihah Zakaria And Hayati Mohd Yusof



Regular breakfast consumption among children is important to improve their cognitive

performance. However, there has been no data found yet on breakfast consumption of children

among fishermen families in Terengganu or its relationship with cognitive performance. The

main objective of this cross-sectional study was to determine the relationship between breakfast

consumption and cognitive performance among fishermen’s children aged 7 to 12 years old in

Terengganu, Malaysia. A questionnaire consisting of demographic data and 3-day dietary recall

was used along with face-to-face interviews with children and their parents. Moreover,

respondents’ cognitive performance was assessed using Raven’s Coloured Progressive

Matrices and categorized into five grades. Among 100 children who fulfilled the inclusion

criteria of this study, 75% were regular breakfast eaters (consumed breakfast at least 5 times

weekly). Both age groups; 7 to 9 and 10 to 12 years old, fulfilled Ministry of Health’s and RNI

recommendations in terms of total energy intake at breakfast (352.79 kcal and 339.8 kcal) and

carbohydrate content (51.27 g and 52.13 g), respectively, despite their low socio-economic

condition. However, their fat consumption (10.91 g and 9.85 g) exceeded the suggested range,

while protein (12.49 g and 11.34 g) and fiber (1.20 g) intake were insufficient to reach

recommended range. Referring to RNI, the respondents’ highest fulfilments of micronutrient

were vitamin C and iron while the lowest was iodine from their breakfast consumption.

Although total raw scores in cognitive assessment increased with respondent age, a majority

(94%) had a level of cognitive performance which was below average. There was no

association found between breakfast frequency and cognitive performance. Furthermore,

energy intake and selected macro- and micronutrients in breakfast consumption also had no

relationship towards significant cognitive performance.


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O9 ASSESSMENT OF DIET QUALITY AND ITS ASSOCIATION WITH NUTRITIONAL

STATUS AMONG FISHERMEN’S CHILDREN IN TERENGGANU

Chua Hwee Shan, Asma’ Ali*, Noor Salihah Zakaria and Hayati Mohd Yusof

School of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu,

21030 Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia

The aim of this study was to assess diet quality and its association with nutritional status among

7 to 12 years old fishermen’s children in Terengganu. The dietary intake data and nutritional

status of 100 fishermen’s children were obtained using two-day 24 hours dietary recall and Body

Mass Index. Diet quality of the subjects was assessed using the Healthy Eating Index. 61% of

subjects had normal BMI, 22% had a BMI below the normal range, and 17% had their BMI

above the normal range. The diet quality of subjects was poor, with mean total HEI score of

50.45±5.27 out of 100 points. The low median scores of the five food groups, particularly for

the vegetable (0.83), fruit (0.00) and dairy (0.00) components, indicates the poor compliance of

the fishermen’s children with the dietary guidelines. No significant association was found

between total HEI score and BMI of the subjects (χ 2= 0.051, p=0.821). Thus, BMI did not

reflect the diet quality of the fishermen’s children in this study. The findings of this study provide

additional information on the diet quality and nutritional status of fishermen’s children in

Terengganu, on the East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia.


P a g e 49 | 92

O10 PERCEIVED VALUE, CUSTOMERS’ SATISFACTION AND BEHAVIOURAL

INTENTION IN RELATION TO SEAFOOD RESTAURANTS IN JOHOR BAHRU

Rahijan Abdul Wahab, Radin Nurdiyanah , Fisal Ahmad , Wan Hafiz Wan Zainal Shukri

and Tuan Zainazor Tuan Chilek .



Seafood restaurant is one of the principal draws for holidaymakers and local residents in

Malaysia. This study focuses on the factors that affecting perceived values, customers’

satisfactions and behavioural intentions in a seafood restaurant in Johor Bahru. This research

aimed to determine the level of perceived value, customers’ satisfactions and behavioural

intentions towards seafood restaurant in Johor Bahru, to determine the relationship between

perceived value, customers’ satisfaction and behavioural intentions of seafood restaurants, and

to compare between demographic variables on perceived value customers’ satisfaction and

behavioural intentions towards seafood. The data have been collected through sets of

questionnaire answered by 150 respondents who are dining in a seafood restaurant in Johor

Bahru, Johor. The result showed that customers have positive perception in terms of perceived

value where the ‘variety of foods’ factor received most positive value compared to price

fairness. To customers’ satisfaction, ‘overall dining experience’ gives the most satisfaction for

customers compared to ‘service satisfaction’ , while in terms of behavioural intentions,

customers will ‘spread more positive word of mouth about the restaurant which it score the

highest positive value compared to recommend about the restaurant . All the variables in this

study (perceived value, customer satisfaction and behavioural intention) have moderately

correlated to each other at <0.05. In addition, the results indicate that outcome of ‘overall

satisfaction’ as the most primary element of satisfaction among customers to go to seafood

restaurant.


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O11 EFFECTS OF CROSS-LINKING ON BREADFRUIT STARCH AND ITS BATTER

PROPERTIES

Revathi, S., Yusnita, H., Nor Hayati, I. and Suhana, M.H.



The characteristics of breadfruit starch after cross-linked using 2%, 5%, and 10% of a mixture

of sodium trimetaphosphate (STMP) /sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP) (99/1% w/w) and their

feasibility in batter formulation were investigated. The concentrations of 2%, 5%, and 10% of

STMP/STPP led to high (85.99%) medium (64.43%) and low (49.59%) cross-linking degree

of breadfruit starches, respectively. Swelling power of native and high cross-linked breadfruit

starches (CLBS) were significantly higher than that of medium and low CLBS. In addition,

enthalpy of gelatinization (ΔH) of high cross-linked CLBS was the lowest (1.81J/g) among the

others. Different degrees of cross-linking did not significantly affect the appearances (size and

shape) and crystallinity of breadfruit starches. Batters were prepared by combining wheat flour

and native or CLBS (1:1). All batters behaved as shear-thinning fluids and batter with the

highest cross-linking degree (CLBS with 2% STMP/STPP) had the highest consistency (K,

0.46 Pasn) compared to other CLBS formulations. Water retention capacity of batters

containing native and high CLBS were significantly higher than batters containing medium and

low CLBS. The pick-up of batter incorporated with low degree of CLBS (10% STMP/STPP)

was significantly lower than other batters. However, the cooking yield of batters containing

native and different degrees of CLBS as well as their moisture and fat content were

insignificantly affected. In summary, addition of 2% STMP/STPP as cross-linking agents

obviously exhibited high degree of cross-linking in breadfruit starch without change most of

the starch and batter properties. It uses in other food application are worth studied.


P a g e 51 | 92

O12 A SHELF LIFE STUDY: AN EVALUATION ON PHYSICOCHEMICAL

PROPERTIES AND MICROBIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF HONEY AND NIGELLA

SATIVA SEED MIXTURE DURING ACCELERATED STORAGE

Tuan Zainazor Tuan Chileka,*, Lau Yuke China, Hayati Mohd Yusofa, Fisal Ahmada, Mohd

Khairi Zainola and Zamzahaila Mohd Zina,b aSchool of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala

Terengganu, Terengganu bCentre for Fundamental and Liberal Education, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030,

Kuala Nerus, Terengganu

Honey and Nigella Sativa (Black Seeds) mixture is well known as a traditional Islamic

medicine with its high health benefits to human. This study attempts to determine the

physicochemical properties and presence of microorganisms of honey and black seed along 78

days accelerated storage at 55°C that representing 2 years shelf life. The physical properties of

mixtures were obtained using colourimeter, pH meter and texture analyser while antioxidant

properties were studied by total phenolic content (TPC) and 1,1- diphenyl-2-picrylhdrazyl

(DPPH) scavenging capacity. Microbiological activities were determined using Total Plate

Count and Yeast and Mould Count. Results indicated that the colour of sample turns darker,

more acidic and harder in texture across 78 days accelerated shelf life. A fluctuation of total

phenolic content (353.36–796.09 mg/L) and a gradual increasing in DPPH free radical-

scavenging activity (54.2–85.6%) were obtained. Microorganisms were found <1.0 X 102

CFU/g for both Total Plate Count and Yeast and Mould Count on the last day of storage

analysis. Overall, honey and black seed mixture can be labelled using “best-before” shelf life

dating that can last for at least two years. The mixture can still be consumed after the best before

date but there might have some losses of quality.


P a g e 52 | 92

O13 OPTIMIZATION OF SUGAR CANE FOR GROWTH AND BIOMASS

PRODUCTION OF PROBIOTIC LACTIC ACID BACTERIA INDIGENOUS

Sri Harimurti


The objective of this study was to evaluate the optimization culture condition to obtain growth

and biomass production of probiotic lactic acid bacteria indigenous. Three strains of bacteria,

Lacobacillus bulgaricus Ar3, Pediococcus acidiactici Kp2 and Streptococcus termophillus

Kd6 were isolated from the gastrointestinal of Indonesian Native chicken. Two kinds of

different medium culture were used, Peptone Glucose Yeast (PGY) and sugar cane molasses

as a low cost culture medium. Fermentation parameters such as the specific growth rate and

productivity were determined. Result showed that the highest growth rate was Lacobacillus

bulgaricus Ar3 using PGY, under ideal fermentation condition: temperature 37°C and 24 hours

fermentation. The fermentable sugar provided by sugar cane molasses, yeast extract, and

(NH4)2HPO4 was formulated. The sugar cane molasses, yeast extract and (NH4)2HPO4

concentrations and incubation time influenced the biomass of probiotic lactic acid bacteria.


P a g e 53 | 92

O14 GENETIC RELATIONSHIP OF SWEET POTATO (Ipomea batatas) ACCESSIONS

FROM MALAYSIA AND INDONESIA USING MOLECULAR MARKER

Ramisah Mohd Shah

School of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030

Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia

Genetic relationship among sweet potato accessions collected from Malaysia and Indonesia

was analysed using molecular marker. The aim of this study was to characterise and provide

scientific evaluation on preservation and utilisation of germplasm resources. A total of 92

accessions of sweet potato originally from Malaysia and Indonesia were characterized. In total,

212 polymorphic fragments (98.86%) out of 214 total fragments generated from 5 primers. The

fragments ranging in size between 117 – 3035 bp, each primer produced an average of 20

fragments. This results indicated that the levels of polymorphism among all sweet potato were

extremely high. The Jaccard’s similarity values ranged from 0.08 to 0.69 and this showing high

levels of genetic variability among the accessions. The cluster analysis separated Malaysian

and Indonesian accessions into separate different group with a number of additional clusters.

Some of the Malaysian and Indonesian accessions were clustered based on their geographic

source. The results suggest that very large genetic variation exists and this germplasm

collection is a valuable as a genetic resource. All of this information could be useful in the

germplasm management and hybridisation programs.


P a g e 54 | 92

O15 ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY OF Hevea brasiliensis FRESH LATEX AND RUBBER

PROCESSING EFFLUENT IN RELATION TO POLYPHENOL COMPOSITION

AND POLYPHENOL OXIDASE ACTIVITY AS A POSSIBLE PROTECTION

APPROACH AGAINST FUNGAL DISEASE

1Mubarak, A., 1Ismun, A., 1Razak, S.B.A. and 2Ariffin, M.M. 1School of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala

Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia 2School of Marine and Environmetal Science, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala


Hevea brasiliensis, an important rubber plant in the region of South East Asia faces many

pathological problems including the white root disease from Rigidoporus micropus that affects

the latex production. In this study, C-serum from the fresh latex of H. brasiliensis and rubber-

processing effluent from a processing plant was obtained to explore the possible antifungal

activities and its relation to polyphenols. Antifungal activities of both samples were tested

against the infective fungal organism of white root disease, Rigidoporus microporus and other

soil-borne fungi including Aspergillus niger, Fusarium sp. and Penicillium sp. through poison

plate method. Both samples were assessed for polyphenol content via total phenolic content

(TPC) assay and its oxidizing enzyme, polyphenol oxidase (PPO). The C-serum showed the

highest inhibition percentage on the R. microporus at 59% and lowest on A. niger at 16%, while

the effluent only showed inhibition on R. microporus at 10%. Presence of phenolics was found

higher in the C-serum (1.745 g/ml gallic acid equivalent) than the effluent (0.061 g/ml gallic

acid equivalent). PPO activities were detected at 0.0145unit/µg sample in H. brasiliensis and

0.0092 unit/µg sample in the effluent. This observation suggest the attribution of phenolics

content towards antifungal activities in the H. brasiliensis which may be important in regulation

of disease prevention through breeding activities. Understanding the PPO activity in H.

brasiliensis is also important owing to the relation with protection against tapping wound in

rubber plant as well as the browning of latex produced from this crop.


P a g e 55 | 92

O16 THE MILK INDEX, BLOOD BIOCHEMISTRY STATUS AND GROWTH

PERFORMANCE OF LOCAL MALAYSIAN COW (Bos Sundoicus) FED

ARTHROSPIRA PLATENSIS SUPPLEMENT

Lokman Shamsudin

Universiti Malaysia Kelantan

An experimental feed trial was carried out for 40 days to assess and investigate as to the bio-

physiological effect of locally isolated indigenous Arthrospira platensis on the growth

performance, milk quality index of the locally female Kelantan cattle bred type trait (Bos

sundoicus). Sixteen healthy local Kelantan cows (68.6±8.12 kg, 1.21±0.26 years old) were

randomly allotted into four groups, viz. one group fed standard diet and three group with

formulated diets with variable strength of A. platensis supplement. There were significant body

weight increments and milk volume as shown by the treated cows (p<0.05) when fed with 2-

6g/10kg body weight/d; the milk quality and nutrient composition have demonstrated notable

changes. The milk volume in treated cows with A. platensis increased by more than 15% and

the milk protein was recorded higher by more than 9% on day 15 when supplemented with the

Spirulina. However the sugar content in the treated cows was decreased by 13%. Meanwhile,

supplementation in cows had elevated the high density lipoprotein (HDL) levels by 12 – 19%

(p<0.05) and lowered the total cholesterol (TC) by 12 – 18% on day 30. The liver-kidney

markers and related biochemical enzyme indicators in the treated and untreated cows, such as

blood urine nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (Cr), urea, uric acid and alanine aminotransferase

(ALT) remained stable all the way throughout the experimental period. However, the aspartate

aminotransferase (AST) levels in the treated cows reduced significantly; however these levels

were still within the normal acceptant range of the cattle during the study period.


P a g e 56 | 92

O17 EVALUATION OF FEEDING HIGH PROPORTION CONCENTRATES

CONTAINING TOFU WASTE ON NUTRIENT CONSUMPTION, MILK

PRODUCTION AND BODY CONDITION SCORE OF DAIRY GOAT IN

SMALLHOLDER OF YOGYAKARTA

Suranindyah, Y., Adiarto, Astuti, S.D., Murti, T.W. & Widyobroto, B.P.


The study was done to investigate the effect of feeding high proportion concentrate containing

tofu waste on nutrient consumption, milk production, body condition score, and postpartum

mating of dairy goat. Data were collected from 30 lactating goats in small farms in Sleman

region, Yogyakarta province, Indonesia. The goats were fed two types of diet, respectively

consisted of Calliandra calothyrsus and wheat pollard as diet for farm A, Calliandra

calothyrsus, wheat pollard and tofu waste as diet for farm B. The proportion of concentrates in

farm A was 20% and in farm B was 55% on dry matter basis. The data were collected to obtain

feed and nutrient consumption, milk production, body condition score and the period of

postpartum mating. All data were statistically analysed by T-test. The results showed that

feeding high proportion concentrates containing tofu waste was significantly (P<0.05)

decreased dry matter and crude protein intake but no effect on crude fibre and total digestible

nutrient consumption. There was no effect on milk production and body condition score,

indicated that high concentrate feed could provide sufficient nutrient for lactating goat. The

period of postpartum mating was longer in goat fed high concentrate diet. Body condition score

did not affect postpartum mating of goats but tends to support energy for milk production.


P a g e 57 | 92

O18 ACCURACY OF ESTRUS DETECTION THROUGH VAGINAL PH IN SAANEN

ETTAWAH CROSSBREED GOAT

1Widayati, D. T., 1Sitaresmi, P. I., 1Bintara, S., 2Widyobroto, B. P. 1Department of Animal Genetic and Reproduction, Laboratory of Animal Physiology and

Reproduction, Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Bulaksumur 55281,

Yogyakarta, Indonesia 2Department of Animal Production, Laboratory of Dairy Science and Milk Industry, Faculty

of Animal Science, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Bulaksumur 55281, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Weak estrus behavior potentially to be cause of a decline in reproductive efficiency in goat.

The present study investigated the effect of measuring the vaginal pH on the detection of

estrous in Saanen Ettawah crossbreed goat. Furthermore, the vaginal pH is confirmed with

estrogen profile in each estrous phase. For this purpose, 13 Saanen Ettawah cross breed does

(Capra hircus) with BCS 2-3 were used. The does were feed concentrate, ad libitum forage

and water. The experiment was conducted with during the natural estrous cycle. Vaginal smears

were collected from each does at every day over a 60-day period to determine the timing of

each phase of the estrous cycle. The vaginal pH measurements were carried out together with

blood sampling. Measurements of the pH of the vaginal mucus is done with paper pH indicator

The blood were collected from the caudal vein into anticoagulant-coated tubes following

estrous cycle, covers estrus (E/day-0), metestrus (M/day-3), diestrus (D/day-12) and proestrus

(P/day-15). The concentration of plasma estrogen was determined using a solid phase

competitive Enzyme-Linked Immune Sorbent Assay (ELISA, DRG, Germany). We found

linkages between vaginal pH with each phase of estrous cycle and estrogen. The highest level

of vaginal pH and estrogen were found on estrus. The lowest vaginal pH was observed in

diestrus, whereas the lowest estrogen were found in diestrus. It was concluded that vaginal

pH related to the estrous phase, indicating that vaginal pH could be a useful parameter for

estrus detecting.


P a g e 58 | 92

O19 FATTY ACID PROFILE, ORGANIC ACID AND VITAMIN B6 CONTENT OF

RIPENED GOAT MILK CHEESE ADDED WITH COMBINATION OF LIQUID

SMOKE AND PORANG GLUCOMANNAN

1Nurliyani, 2Harmayani, E. and 1Rahmatulloh, S. 1Department of Animal Product Technology, Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Gadjah

Mada, Jl. Fauna 3, Kampus UGM, Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia 2Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Other than as an antimicrobial, the addition of liquid smoke may also affect the flavor of food

products. While, glucomannan has water binding capacity and prebiotic activity in vivo. The

flavor of various kinds of cheese can affected by composition and individual amounts of free

fatty acids and organic acids. Some lactic acid bacteria in fermented milk can synthesize

vitamins. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of liquid smoke and porang

glucomannan addition in cheese processing on fatty acid profile, organic acid and vitamin B6

of goat milk cheese ripened with Lactobacillus rhamnosus. Goat milk for the making of cheese

was divided into two groups: control (without liquid smoke and glucomannan) and milk added

with a combination of liquid smoke and porang glucomannan. These cheese were ripened for

30 d in a refrigerator. The result showed that addition of liquid smoke and glucomannan in

cheese preparation and ripening time had no effect on the content of saturated fatty acid /SFA

(caproic, caprylic, capric, lauric, palmitic, margaric acid), and unsaturated fatty acid /USFA

(linoleic and docosahexaenoic acid). Liquid smoke and glucomannan addition in cheese

processing could decrease the content of butyric and stearic acid, but increase in myristic and

pentadecanoic acid (SFA) (p<0.05). In USFA, liquid smoke and glucomannan addition in

cheese processing could decrease palmitoleic and trans-oleic acid, but able to increase cis-oleic

acid (p<0.05). There was a decrease in heptadecanoic acid content of cheese after 30 d of

ripening (p<0.05). The addition of liquid smoke and porang glucomannan has no effect on

cheese lactic, acetic and formic acid concentration. However, the concentration of lactic acid

in the control cheese and formic acid on both the control and cheese with addition of liquid

smoke and porang glucomannan increased after 30 d of ripening (p<0.05). Combination of

liquid smoke and glucomannan and also ripening time had no effect on vitamin B6 of goat milk

cheese, that detected in very small quantity (0.02 µg/mg). In conclusion, the addition of liquid

smoke and porang glucomannan may increase oleic acid which is beneficial to health, while

during cheese ripening there was an increase in lactic and formic acid which are important as

antimicrobials, although there was no change in vitamin B6.


P a g e 59 | 92

O20 PURIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ANGIOTENSIN I CONVERTING

ENZYME (ACE) INHIBITORY PEPTIDE BY ENZYMATIC HYDROLYSIS OF

BLOOD COCKLE (Anadara granosa) MEAT

1Aishah, S., 1*Amiza, M. A., 1Norizah, M.S., 2 Effendy, W.A.M. and 1Zaliha, H. 1School of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala

Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia 2School of Fisheries and Aquaculture Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030

Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia

The objective of this study was to purify and characterize angiotensin I converting enzyme

(ACE) inhibitory peptide from blood cockle (Anadara granosa) meat hydrolysate. ACE

inhibitory peptides from blood cockle meat hydrolysate (CMH) were prepared by enzymatic

protein hydrolysis using Protamex®. Crude CMH was purified by ultrafiltration, ion exchange

chromatography and reverse-phase chromatography, and then was characterized for its stability

against gastrointestinal proteases, at varying pH (2–11) and temperature (4–90°C). Crude CMH

was highly stable at low pH and temperature, and was resistant to gastrointestinal proteases

(pepsin and trypsin). A three-step purification increased the inhibitory activity of CMH,

reducing its IC50 from 0.35 mg/ml to 0.0094 mg/ml. The amino acid sequence of the purified

peptide was determined as VNDLLSGSFKHFLY, with a molecular weight of 1621.88 Da.

This study suggested the potential of ACE inhibitory peptide derived from cockle meat as a

nutraceutical ingredient in functional food.


P a g e 60 | 92

O21 EVALUATION OF DIFFERENT PROTEIN EXTRACTION METHODS SUITABLE

FOR GEL-BASED PROTEOMICS STUDIES OF Caulerpa Lentillifera PROTEINS

Fisal Ahmada, Azwan Awangb, Tuan Zainazor Tuan Chileka, Amir Izzwan Zamria.,

Mohamad Khairi Mohd Zainola, Noraznawati Ismailc, Mohd Nazri Ismaild, and Mohd Rosni

Sulaiman e* aSchool of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala

Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia bFaculty of Sustainable Agriculture, Universiti Malaysia Sabah Kampus Sandakan, Batu 10,

Jalan Sungai Batang, 90000 Sandakan, Sabah, Malaysia cInstitute Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Terengganu,

Terengganu, Malaysia dAnalytical Biochemistry Research Centre (ABrC), Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM,

Penang, Malaysia eFaculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, 88400 Kota

Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia

Protein plays an important role in building components of life which performs of wide range

of biological functions. Four protocols for extraction of proteins from seaweed Caulerpa

lentillifera (sea grapes) were evaluated for their ability to both remove non-protein compound

and attain the best resolution in two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (number of protein spots

observed). The four protein extraction methods were as follows: no precipitation and

fractionation; TCA-acetone precipitation and fractionation; TCA-acetone precipitation; and

phenol extraction with methanol-ammonium acetate precipitation. The results showed that

phenol extraction with methanol-ammonium acetate precipitation was the most effective

method for protein extraction. It gave the highest yield of total protein (7.14 mg protein per g

AcDP weight) and the greatest number of protein spots (430 spots) on the 2-DE gel. Further,

several proteins were identified by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-

MS/MS), namely Ubiquitin, Light-harvesting chlorophyll-a/b binding protein, Elongation

factor protein, Ribulose-1 5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase large subunit, and

Photosystem II CP47 chlorophyll apoprotein. These data demonstrate that phenol extraction

with methanol-ammonium acetate precipitation, followed by 2-DE and LC-MS/MS, is a

suitable method for proteomic analysis of seaweed species, providing a valuable starting point

for similar proteomic analysis of other seaweed species.


P a g e 61 | 92

O22 GELATIN-CHITOSAN FILM INCORPORATED WITH CLOVE ESSENTIAL OIL

FOR RETAINING QUALITY OF SILVER POMFRET FISH FILLET

1Mubarak, A., 1Othman, Z.S. and 2Karim, N.U 1School of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala

Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia 2School School of Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu,


Clove (Syzgium aromaticum L.) essential oil has been reported for its potent antioxidant and

antimicrobial activities. In this study, clove essential oil was incorporated with gelatin-chitosan

solution to develop an edible film (CEO film) for fish preservation. The objective was to

determine the effectiveness of this edible film in controlling physical, biochemical and

microbial changes in fillet of silver pomfret (Pampus argenteus). The effectiveness of this film

was compared with uncoated fillet (control), and gelatin-chitosan film (GC film). The

formulated film was tested for water solubility and antimicrobial activity against four selected

microorganisms: Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeroginosa, Salmonella enterica and Bacillus

cereus. The effectiveness of the formulated film on the silver pomfret fillet was evaluated based

on weight loss, pH, firmness, total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N) and total plate count (TPC)

of the fish fillet. The CEO films intermediately inhibit the growth of E. coli and S. enterica.

Meanwhile, GC film did not show inhibition on the growth of tested microorganisms. CEO

film had lower water solubility compared to GC film. CEO film was observed to reduce weight

loss (p<0.05), lower pH on day 6 (p<0.05), and increase firmness of fish fillet when compared

to the control (p<0.05). Fish fillet applied with CEO film also had lower TVB-N value and

microbial count. This study shows that the CEO film has antimicrobial properties which can

benefit fish preservation. Improvement for developing the edible film with acceptable

properties is thus important to extend the shelf life of fish fillet.


P a g e 62 | 92

O23 OPTIMIZATION OF EXTRACTION CONDITIONS ON YIELD, CRUDE PROTEIN

CONTENT AND EMULSIFYING CAPACITY OF MUCILAGE FROM Talinum

paniculatum

Nor Hayati Ibrahim, Tengku Nur Dayana Tengku Zakaria and Yusnita Hamzah

School of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus,

Terengganu. Malaysia

This study was conducted to investigate the influence extraction conditions i.e. water:fronds

ratio (0.5:1 – 12:1), temperature (25 – 90˚C) and pH (3 – 11) on extraction yield, crude protein

content and emulsifying capacity of mucilage from Talinum paniculatum fronds. Response

surface methodology with a face cantered-central composite design was applied to optimize

the extraction conditions. With 20 experimental runs, extraction yield, crude protein content

and emulsifying capacity of the mucilage were recorded to be 2.32 – 4.90%, 15.05 – 30.97%

and 8.05 – 37.93%, respectively. Response surface analyses showed that increases in mucilage

yield were mainly due to significant (p < 0.05) quadratic effect of pH and also synergistic effect

between water:fronds ratio and pH. In contrast, significant (p < 0.05) quadratic effect of

temperature and its synergistic effect with water:fronds ratio led to increase in emulsifying

capacity of the mucilage. Furthermore, linear effect of pH seemed to significantly (p < 0.05)

increase the crude protein content, in addition to significant (p < 0.05) synergistic effect

between water:fronds ratio and pH. Experimental data for each response were best fitted with

a quadratic model, having high coefficients of determination (R2 = 0.81 – 0.98) and no lack-of-

fit. The optimum conditions for mucilage extraction from T. paniculatum were obtained at

water:fronds ratio of 8.4:1, temperature of 90 ⁰ C and pH of 8, providing 3.44 % yield, 29.35 %

crude protein content and 34.00 % emulsifying capacity of T. paniculatum mucilage.


P a g e 63 | 92

O24 SUB-ACUTE TOXICITY OF BLACK SEED (Nigella sativa) AND HONEY MIXTURE

Wong Pei Lou1, Suvik Assaw2,3, Mohd Azrul Lokman1 and Hayati Mohd Yusof1 1School of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu (UMT), 21030

Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia 2School of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030

Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia 3Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus,


Consumption of black seed (Nigella sativa) and honey mixture (BSH) has been reported to

provide multiple health advantages. However, the toxicity effect of black seed and honey

mixture (BSH) consumption has not been reported, although it has been consumed for

centuries. Thus, this toxicity study was conducted, including determination of 50% lethal dose

(LD50), changes in body and relative organ weights, differential leukocytes count, liver function

test and histopathology analysis of liver and kidney. Thirty male Sprague Dawley rats (120-

300 g) were used in the study and treated with varying dosages of BSH (100, 500, 1000 and

2000 mg/kg, respectively) for 14 days. Half of the rats from each group (n=3) were euthanized

on day 14 for a sub-acute toxicity study to obtain relative organ weight, haematology, liver

function test and histopathology analysis. Another half of animals from each group (n=3) were

kept for another 14 days without any treatment for delayed toxicity study. No lethality was

observed in all dosage groups, while the LD50 value was evaluated to be more than 2000 mg/kg.

No significant alterations (p>0.05) were observed in animal body weight, differential

leukocytes count and relative organ weight in all treatment groups as compared to control for

both sub-acute and delayed toxicity studies. However, AST enzymes drop significantly at

dosage 500 and 2000 mg/kg in recovery period, which suggested delayed hepatoprotective

effect of the mixture. Histopathology analysis of the liver and kidney confirmed no

abnormalities in cell morphology. This study clearly demonstrates that consumption of BSH is

safe and do not provide any adverse or delayed toxicity effect.


P a g e 64 | 92

O25 EFFECT OF ETHANOL IN ULTRASONIC ASSISTED EXTRACTION TECHNIQUE

ON ANTIOXIDATIVE PROPERTIES OF PASSION FRUIT (Passiflora edulis)

LEAVES

Mohd Khairi Zainol1*, Wong Keat Yi1, Zamzahaila Mohd Zin1, 2, Khairil Shazmin

Kamarudin2, Muhd Danish-Daniel3 Ng Khai Shin1 and Hasmadi Mamat4 1School of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala

Nerus, Terengganu 2Centre for Fundamental and Liberal Education, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030,

Kuala Nerus, Terengganu 3School of Fisheries and Aquaculture Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030,

Kuala Nerus, Terengganu 4Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, 88400 Kota Kinabalu,

Sabah, Malaysia

The leaves of Passiflora edulis (Passion fruit) traditionally used in American countries as a folk

medicine to treat both anxiety and nervousness. They are rich in polyphenols which have been

reported as natural antioxidants. In this study, five concentrations of ethanol (15%, 30%, 45%,

60% and 75%) were used in the extraction of P. edulis leaves extracted using ultrasonic-assisted

technique. Ultrasonic-assisted solvent extraction is a method that uses high frequency

mechanical vibration to increase the effectiveness of the desire compound to be dissolved into

the solvent. The total phenolic content and total flavonoid content were determined in this

study. Antioxidant capacity was assessed with FTC, TBA and DPPH. The highest extraction

yield was obtained using water extraction. The extract obtained by 75% ethanol showed the

highest antioxidant activity by DPPH (2,2- diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging

assay (85.17 ± 0.36%) and Ferric Thiocyanate (FTC) test where the absorbance obtained was

0.09 ± 0.00. The same extract also exhibited the highest flavonoids content (90.94 ± 0.15 mg

QE/g sample). The extract obtained by 15% ethanol exhibited the highest antioxidant activity

in Thiobarbituric acid (TBA) assay (56.22 ± 5.01%). Apart from that, the highest phenolic

content was found in 60% ethanol (57.08 ± 0.29 mg GAE/g sample). These results indicate

that the leaves of P. edulis could be a potential source of natural antioxidants which can be used

in dietary applications.


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O26 MICROBIOLOGICAL QUALITY AND SENSORY EVALUATION OF PARTIALLY

DRIED MANGO FOR FRUIT SALAD ‘KERABU MANGGA’

1Lani, M.N., 1Adnan, N.A, 1*Mohd Maidin, N., 2Ibrahim, R., and 3Hassan, Z. 1School of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala

Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia 2Department of Chemical Engineering Technology, Faculty of Engineering Technology,

Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Uniciti Alam Campus Sg. Chuchuh, 02100 Pedang Besar, Perlis,

Malaysia 3Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia (USIM), Bandar Baru

Nilai, 71800 Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia

Kerabu Mangga is a fruit salad that is made from unripe matured mangoes. This salad is

prepared fresh mixed with other ingredients. Since this salad has limited shelf life, the mango

were dried at 60oC for one and two hours, then mixed with other ingredients in an attempt to

make this salad has longer shelf life and readily available when mangoes are not in season. The

effects of drying on water activity (aw), microbial load, shelf life of ‘Kerabu Mangga’ during

storage at room (28 ± 2ºC) and chilled (5 ± 1ºC) temperatures as well as determination

acceptance and nutrient compositions of the prepared ‘Kerabu Mangga’ were carried out.

Drying treatment reduced the initial water activity (aw) of fresh mango from 0.994 to 0.953 and

0.874 after 1 and 2 h drying, respectively, and the microbial load was reduced (~ 0.6 log10

CFU/g) after drying treatments. Drying at 60°C affected significantly (p<0.05) the appearance

and colour of the dried mango slices, without affecting the overall acceptability of the prepared

Kerabu Mangga. Storage temperature affected significantly (p<0.05) the microbial load (Total

Plate Count), where chiller storage took 10 days compared to 12 h for room temperature to

reach spoilage to occur (normally at log10 6.00 CFU/g). For the nutrient compositions, only

carbohydrate contents showed significant increased at (P<0.05), however, vitamin C content

showed significant decreased (P<0.05). Drying for only 1 and 2 hours was found to be suitable

for partially dried ‘Kerabu mangga’ which resulted in negligible effect on its overall

acceptance. Drying the mango slices at 60oC for 2 h resulted in longer shelf life than 1 h or

without heat treatment.


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O27 EFFECT OF PROTEIN SUPPLEMENTATION MADE OF REJECTS SOYBEAN

PREPARED WITH DIFFERRENT TREATMENTS ON MEAT QUALITY OF

ONGGOLE CROSSBREED CATTLE

Bambang Suhartanto1, Ristianto Utomo1, Mochammad Fahmi Habibi1, and Dian Astuti2 1Faculty of Animal Sciences, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Fauna No. 3, Bulaksumur,

Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia 2Center of Agrotechnology Innovation, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Tanjungtirto, Kalitirto,

Berbah, Sleman, Yogyakarta 55573, Indonesia

The study was done to determine the increasing of meat quality of Ongole crossbreed cattle

received completed feed ration with undegraded protein supplementation made of rejects

soybean seed and to also understand that the formaldehyde residues in meat as a product of

animal received feed containing formaldehyde. Rejects soybean seed (from food grade quality)

was prepared to make undegraded proteins using heating (RSBHP) or formaldehyde (RSBFP)

protection. The study used 12 heads males Ongole crossbred cattle of 2-3 years old, 239±12kg

of weight received completed fed ration (65% of concentrate and 35% chopped rice straw) in

3% of body weight and divided into 3 groups (4 cattle of each group). The first, second and

third group received rejects soybean without protection (as control), RSBHP and RSBFP

respectively, as protein supplementation in quantity of 6g/kg0,75 body weight for 12 weeks, with

3 weeks of adaptation. The result showed that the fat content of meat from animal received

formaldehyde treatment (RSBFP) had the lowest level (1.05±0.85%), the highest water content

(76.07±1.02%) and the highest water holding capacity (28.53±2.72%), however meat

tenderness from heat protection (RSBHP) had the lowest level (8.80±0.15kg/cm2). There was

no presence of formaldehyde residues detected in meat of all the treatments. It can be concluded

that supplementation with various treatments did not effect meat quality of Ongole crossbreed

cattle received completed feed ration composed of agriculture by-products.


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O28 ELEMENTAL ANALYSES OF COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLE RICE SAMPLES

IN MALAYSIA BY USING ICP-MS AND SEM-EDX

1,4Ong, M.G., 1,4 Rohana, A.J., 2,4 *Wan Ishak, W.R., 1,4 Hamid, N.A., 1Abd Aziz, C.B., 2,4

Wan Nik, W.N., 2,4 Noor-Fadzlina, H., 3,4 Malik, V.S., 3,4Willett, W.C. and 3,4Frank, B.H. 1School of Medical Sciences, 16150 Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia 2School of Health Sciences, 16150 Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia 3Department of Nutrition, Harvard Chan School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Avenue,

Boston, MA 02115 USA 4Global Nutrition and Epidemiological Transition (GNET) Network

Rice is the staple food in Malaysia. There are limited literature about study on the elemental

levels and observation on ultrastructure of commercially available white rice and brown rice in

Malaysia. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to determine the concentration of

elements in three uncooked long rice grain, i.e. two brown rice and one white rice varieties that

are commercially available in Malaysia using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry

(ICP-MS) and compare the structure and elements of uncooked and cooked rice grain using

Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (SEM-EDX). The

ICP-MS results of the three uncooked rice grains showed high concentration of copper,

manganese and zinc, followed with potassium, magnesium and calcium. Besides, the element

contaminant such as plumbum, antimony and cadmium in the rice grains were under Malaysian

permissible limit (Malaysian Food Act, 1983) and international standard (FAO/WHO, 2002).

Arsenic was below Malaysian permissible limit but higher than safe limit by international

standard. Silicon was observed in brown rice after viewed by using SEM-EDX. Besides, brown

rice showed higher concentration of elements than white rice.


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O29 ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITIES OF POLYSACCHARIDES

AND METHANOLIC CRUDE EXTRACTS OF LOCAL EDIBLE RED SEAWEED

Gracilaria Sp

1,2 Suvik, A.*, 1Rosli, N.L, 1Azmi, M.N.A, 1Mazlan, N.W and 2Ismail, N. 1 Pusat Pengajian Sains Marin dan Sekitaran, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala

Nerus, Terengganu 2 Institut Bioteknologi Marin, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus,

Terengganu

Seaweed have long been time utilised in food industries in many applications. Seaweed

including edible Gracilaria species (red seaweed) is rich with bioactive compounds and has

been proven to possess pharmaceutical and medicinal values including to fight against bacterial

infections and cells oxidation. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the potential usage of

two different types of local Gracilaria sp extracts which are polysaccharides agar and

methanolic crude extract as natural antioxidant and antibacterial against six bacteria test strains

such as Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli,

Vibrio cholera and Enterobacter cloacae. Antibacterial activity was assessed using agar well

diffusion method and antioxidant activity was evaluated using DPPH radical scavenging

assays. Results revealed that there are differential effects of both extracts as antioxidant and

antibacterial. Methanolic crude extract of Gracilaria sp was found to have moderate

antibacterial activity with minimum inhibition concentration of 0.156 mg/ml and significantly

(p<0.05) higher antioxidant activity (IC50 = 5.6 mg/ml) compared to polysaccharide extracts.

No antibacterial activity was found in all concentrations of polysaccharides extract. Present

findings also suggested that Gracilaria sp. could be a potential natural source of antioxidant

and antibacterial for nutraceutical and functional food, however the extraction method used

greatly determine the bioactivities of the seaweeds.


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O30 NUTRACEUTICAL EVALUATION AND ANTIOXIDANT POTENTIAL OF BEAN

SEED COAT OF RED KIDNEY BEAN (PHASEOLUS VULGARIS) AND CHICKPEA

(CICER ARIETENUM)

Uswatun Hasanah Zaidana,b, Noria Ab Karima, Syahida Ahmada and Siti Salwa Abd

Ganic

aDepartment of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences,

Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia bHalal Product Research Institute, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Putra Infoport, 43400

UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia cDepartment of Agriculture Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra

Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

Legumes have become increasingly in demand due to the nutrient compositions of pulses which

are rich in protein, carbohydrate, fibre, vitamins and phytochemicals. However, the seed coats

of some legume food products were removed prior for consumption causing the food to loss its

nutritional value. The red kidney bean, RKB (Phaseolus vulgaris) and chickpea, CP (Cicer

arietenum) which are the common beans among population were investigated. Their seed coats

were analysed for the nutritional composition, phenolic compound and antioxidant properties.

RKB seed coat has higher composition of ash, fat and protein, while the seed coat of CP is

higher in moisture. The caloric value (2.63 kcal/g) of RKB seed coat is higher than 2.29 kcal/g

in CP seed coat, while seed coat of CP is a better source of fibre (27%) than in the seed coat of

RKB. In addition, the total phenolic content of RKB seed coat was 12.14 mg GAE/g, which

much higher than in CP seed coat (0.25 mg GAE/g). Interestingly, the seed coat of RKB has

the strong antioxidant potency (DPPH assay) with IC50 value of 105.18 µg/ml comparable to

standard Trolox with 96.42 µg/ml, which much lower than the seed coat of CP (606.12 µg/ml).

These properties make the seed coat of bean an excellent candidate of potent nutraceutical.


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O31 PROXIMATE COMPOSITION AND POTENTIAL ADULTERANTS IN COCONUT

MILK SOLD IN KUALA LUMPUR

Hasim, A.S., Siang, Q.L., Yusof, F. & Yusof, H.M.


The purpose of this study was to determine the proximate composition of six fresh coconut

milk samples sold in Kuala Lumpur and to compare the results of proximate composition with

pure coconut milk as reference using Malaysia Food Composition, USDA Fresh Coconut Milk

Composition and USDA Canned Coconut Milk Composition. The possible source of

adulterants that might present in coconut milk was also studied. Two fresh coconut milk

samples from Pasar Imbi and Giant Cheras was anticipated to be adulterated with water and a

source of carbohydrate in order to thicken the coconut milk. The protein content of fresh

coconut milk sample from Pasar Imbi and Giant Cheras was 79.05% and 80.95%, respectively,

lower compared to the reference, while the fat content was 53.38% and 60.96% lower compared

to the value of reference. However, the carbohydrate was 16.37% and 5.75%, while the

moisture content was 12.84% and 25.77% higher compared to the value of reference. From

these two potentially adulterated coconut milk, only coconut milk from Pasar Imbi shown

carbohydrate (corn flour) and water peaks of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra. The

spectra of fresh coconut milk adulterated with different concentration of guar gum and corn

flour were scanned and interpreted. Partial Least Square (PLS) regression was used to

quantitatively determine the concentration of guar gum and corn flour in the coconut milk. The

linear equation of the validation obtained was y = 0.9161x + 0.3334 with R2= 0.9982 and

RMSEC= 0.688. This can be suggested that FTIR could be a potential tools in determining the

coconut milk adulteration with guar gum and corn flour for future study.


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POSTER PRESENTATION ABSTRACTS

PS1 EFFECT OF DIFFERENT DRYING METHODS ON ANTIOXIDANT PROPERTIES,

STEVIOSIDE AND REBAUDIOSIDE A OF STEVIA (Stevia rebaudiana BERTONI)

REBAUDIANA LEAVES

Ariffah Abdul Halim, Zamzahaila Mohd Zain, Aidilla Mubarak and Fauziah Tufail Ahmad

School of Science and Food Technology, University Malaysia Terengganu, 21300 Kuala

Terengganu, Terengganu Malaysia

The effect of different drying treatmentsof stevia leaves on antioxidant activity, ferric reducing

power (FRAP), total phenolic content as well as stevioside and rebaudioside A content were

evaluated. Drying treatment that were applied were oven drying (80°C and 60°C), sun drying,

microwave drying, freeze drying and dried fresh leaves. Antioxidant activity of dried leaves

were evaluated using DPPH radical scavenging activity and ferric reducing power (FRAP) by

spectrophotometer. Stevioside and rebaudioside A content were evaluated using HPLC.

Among all drying treatment, microwave was found to be the highest in scavenging the DPPH

radical activity with no significant different with freeze dried anddried fresh leaves (P> 0.05).

Inhibitory concentration at 50% of microwaved leaves was the lowest compared to other dried

leaves, for total phenolic content, microwave dried leaves exhibit highest total phenolic content

at 53.95 ± 2.83 mg/g gallic acid equivalent. As for stevioside and Rebaudioside A, no

degradation happen in comparison with fresh dried leaves after drying treatment, stevioside

appeared to be higher in content than rebaudioside A. This indicate that microwave can be good

drying method, without altering the stevioside and rebaudioside A content inside the leaves,

thus maintaining the sweetening properties of the leaves


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PS2 ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY OF LACTIC ACID BACTERIA ISOLATED FROM

FERMENTED CATFISH (Clarias gariepinus) AS BIOCONTROL OF Sclerotium rolfsii

INFECTING CHILI PLANTS

Siti Fatimah Zakariaa, Mohd Nizam Lania, Chuah Tse Senga, Fisal Ahmada and Khairul

Mazmi Ahmadb, and Zaiton Hassanc a School of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala

Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia b Department of Plant Protection, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor,

Malaysia c Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Bandar Baru Nilai,

71800 Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia

Sclerotium rolfsii is one of the most destructive soil-borne pathogen of chili plant (Capsicum

annum) causing damping-off, stem rot, root rot, southern blight, and wilt diseases. Severely

infected chili plant diseases could reduce the quality and quantity of produce resulting in

economic loss. Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) are reported to have antifungal activity.

However, very little information is known on antifungal activity against S. rolfsii. Hence, the

objective of this study were to identify the LAB species isolated from fermented catfish and

to determine antifungal activities of the isolated LAB against S. rolfsii. Identification of LAB

from fermented catfish was done by API 50 CHL and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The

identified isolates were Lactobacillus plantarum with different strains name such as JCM

1149, WCFS1 strain WCFS1 and strain NRRL B-14678. In this study, nine cultures of Cell

Free Supernatant (CFS-LAB) were tested for antifungal activity on Potato Dextrose Agar

(PDA). Results showed that four of Lb. plantarum strains from fermented catfish showed

greater inhibitory activity (60% to 64.7%) against S. rolfsii after incubation at 28ºC for three

days compared with the control treatment (S. rolfsii growth in PDA without CFS-LAB).

Active compound present in the crude supernatant was partially purified using ammonium

sulphate precipitation method were tested at different temperatures, pH and enzymes. The

proteins of LAB bacteriocins were analysed by electrophoresis and band of interest were

identified by Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) based on peptide sequencing. Findings of

study confirmed that the antifungal activity of Lb. plantarum was chitin-binding protein and

was effectively acted as biocontrol agent against fungal infection in chili plant.


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PS3 PHYSICO-CHEMICAL ANALYSIS AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF RAW

HONEY OF STINGLESS BEE FARMED IN COASTAL AREAS IN KELANTAN

AND TERENGGANU

Nor Hazwani Hasali1*, Amir Izzwan Zamri1*, Mohd Nizam Lani1, and Aidilla Mubarak1 1School of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu (UMT),


The aim of the present study was to evaluate the performance of three sources of stingless bee

honey (Heterotrigona itama spp.) from different coastal areas in Kelantan and Terengganu.

Antimicrobial tests were performed to determine the inhibition activity of stingless bee honey

against food borne pathogens using agar well diffusion assay. Physico-chemical analyses of

stingless bee honey were also determined. For proximate analysis, the results showed no

significant differences (P>0.05) between stingless bee honey samples for pH and fat from

different locations. However, significant differences (P<0.05) were obtained for moisture, ash,

protein, carbohydrate and energy of the stingless bee honey samples. All three honey samples

showed very good inhibitory activities (measured by inhibition zone) against Salmonella

Typhimurium (25-33 mm), Escherichia coli (17-33 mm), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (15-25

mm) and Staphylococcus aureus (25-29 mm). In conclusion, stingless bee honey has a broad-

spectrum antibacterial activity and future study will further investigate potential probiotics of

these strains in food preparation.


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PS4 EFFECT OF ROOT TEMPERATURE ON GROWTH AND PRODUCTION OF

LETTUCE VAR. FOUR SEASON AND BUTTERHEAD (Lactuca sativa L.) GROWN

IN HYDROPONIC

S. D. Siti Nadhirah1, A. Yahya1 and A. Khairulmazmi2

1Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM

Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia 2Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400

UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

Production of temperate crops in lowlands of Malaysia can be considered low compared to

highlands due to high temperature in lowlands. Root cooling has been proven to overcome the

problem of growing temperate crops in hot tropical regions. Therefore, a study was conducted

to determine the crop growth and production under greenhouse conditions using a controlled

hydroponic cultivation system. The effect of root temperature on growth, economic yield, root

morphology and mineral content of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) were studied. Plants were grown

under ambient air temperature (26-35ºC) with three different root temperatures (30ºC A-RZT,

25ºC C-RZT and 20ºC C-RZT). At 26 days after transplanting, plants were harvested for leaf

yield and root morphology analysis. Lettuce grown at 25ºC of root temperature exert a higher

plant height when compared to other treatments. Similar trend of responses were also seen in

plant canopy, leaf number, leaf area and fresh weight. Root morphology; volume, diameter and

area were markedly affected by the variety of lettuce. However, variation in root temperatures

did not altered the amount of mineral uptake from the nutrient solution. Production of

commercial crops is expected to increase when crops planted under appropriate root

temperature and cultivation system.


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PS5 RED AND BLUE LED SPECTRA AND ITS COMBINATION WITH COOL WHITE

FLUORESCENT LIGHT AFFECT THE GROWTH AND QUALITY OF

BRASSICACEAE MICROGREENS

Ibrahim, N.1 and Awang, Y.2

Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400

Selangor Serdang, Malaysia

A study was conducted to assess the effect of different regimes of irradiance generated by light-

emitting diodes (LEDs) and its combination with cool white fluorescent (CWF) tube on the

growth and quality of microgreens of four species of brassicas [Chinese kale (Brassica

oleracea var. alboglabra), pak choy (Brassica rapa var. chinensis), mustard (Brassica juncea)

and radish (Raphanus sativus)]. The seeds were exposed to four irradiance regimes [red:blue

LED (120 µmol mˉ² sˉ¹), red:blue LED (180 µmol mˉ² sˉ¹), red:blue LED+CWF (150 µmol mˉ²

sˉ¹) and red:blue LED+CWF (210 µmol mˉ² sˉ¹)]. Results showed that the produce grown

under the highest irradiance with a combination of red and blue LED+ fluorescent tube was the

lightest with the shortest hypocotyl compared to those in other treatments. Microgreen

produced under lower irradiance, as seen in the produce under red:blue LED (120 µmol mˉ²

sˉ¹) and red:blueLED+ CWF (150 µmol mˉ² sˉ¹) were taller and contained low ascorbic acid.

There was no interaction between irradiance and species detected. Individual radish

microgreens were the heaviest and this was followed by Chinese kale. Amongst the species,

Chinese kale and radish microgreens contained significantly higher ascorbic acid compared to

those in pak choy and mustard. Results of the study clearly demonstrated that different

combination irradiance generated using LED and its combinations with CWF affected the

growth, yield and nutritional quality of Brassicaceae microgreens.


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PS6 IN VITRO ANTIFUNGAL POTENTIAL OF Lactococcus lactis ISOLATED FROM

AGRICULTURAL SOILS IN TERENGGANU AGAINST ANTHRACNOSE

PATHOGEN, Colletotrichum capsici

1Fakri, M. A., 1*Lani, M. N., 1Chuah, T. S., 2Alias, R., and 3Hassan, Z.

1School of Science and Food Technology, University Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala

Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia 2International Halal Institute Universiti Selangor (INSHA), Seksyen 7, 40000 Shah Alam,

Selangor, Malaysia 3Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia (USIM), 71800 Nilai,

Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia

Colletotrichum capsici are ubiquitous fungal pathogens that cause anthracnose disease of chilli

plant. Although chemical fungicide can be used to manage the disease, excessive use of the

fungicide can lead to development of resistant fungicide as well as human health concern.

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are Gram positive, mostly anaerobic, non-sporulating and acid-

tolerant bacteria which produce antifungal compounds. Many LAB strains have been isolated

from fermented foods, fresh fruits and vegetables, but very limited study was done on

antifungal potential of LAB isolated from agricultural soils. The objectives of this study were

to isolate and identify LAB from sandy clay loam soil and sandy loam soil in Terengganu and

to perform in vitro evaluation of their antifungal activities against C. capsici. Results showed

that 7 out of 40 presumptive LAB cultures isolated from both soils collected from rice fields

and roselle cultivation areas using cultural method (M17 agar and Tomato juice agar) under

aerobic and anaerobic conditions were identified as Lactococcus lactis subspecies lactis using

16S rDNA gene sequencing. All the seven strains of Lc. lactis subsp. lactis exhibited antifungal

activities against C. capsici with minimum inhibition concentrations at 10% (v/v) and inhibition

zones which ranged from 6.03 mm to 6.30 mm while mancozeb which act as positive control

exhibited antifungal activities as low as 1% (w/v) and inhibition zones which ranged between

12.00 mm to 22.00 mm. These results show an important step in order to control fungal growth

in chilli by approaching biological control in chilli cultivation area.


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PP1 SIMULTANEOUS DETERMINATION OF ETHANOL AND METHANOL IN

“ALCOHOL-FREE” MALT BEVERAGES, ENERGY DRINKS AND FRUIT JUICES

BY GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY

1,2 Sirhan, A.Y., 3Wong, R., 4Mohammad, Y.M., 2Mostafa, A. and 5 Talhouni, A. 1Deptartment of Basic Science, Applied Science Private University, 11931Amman, Jordan 2Food Lab Dept., Jordan Food & Drug Administration, Amman, Jordan 3Dept. of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Lembah Pantai, 50603 Kuala

Lumpur, Malaysia 4H.E.J. Research institute of chemistry, university of Karachi, karachi-75270 Pakistan 5Faculty of Pharmacy Isra’ University, 11622 Amman Jordan

A simple, sensitive, and direct method to decide if “Alcohol-Free” beverages, energy drinks

and fruit juices could result in positive “alcohol alerts” based on the use of the gas

chromatography with a flame ionization detector (GC– FID) has been developed. The

chromatographic conditions such as injection volume and split ratios were optimized in order

to increase the sample throughput and sensitivity. Unlike other conventional methods which

also employ laborious sample preparations; this method analyzes samples directly without any

prior treatment and thus cutting down the sample treatment time, as well as reducing the

analysis cost per sample. Additionally, low ethanol concentrations as low as 6 mg/L were

detected and quantified; making this method an appropriate technique for routine alcohols

analysis in beverages. Optimization of chromatographic conditions gave recoveries in the range

of 83.00% to 112.8% with relative standard deviations lower than 9%. The calibration curves

were linear over the range from 6.250-200.0 mg/L for methanol and ethanol. The correlation

coefficients (r2) were higher than 0.9997. The limits of quantifications (LOQ) are 4.48 mg/L

for ethanol and 5.74 mg/L for methanol. A total of 100 domestic and imported labeled "alcohol-

free" in Jordan were analyzed for their alcohol content. Concentrations ranged from non-

detectable to 14.9 mg/L for ethanol and from non-detectable to 9.38 mg/L for methanol were

found in energy drinks. On the other hand, non- quantifiable amounts of alcohols were found

in malt beverage as well as fruit juices.


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PP2 DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF AN RP-HPLC METHOD FOR

SIMULTANEOUS DETERMINATION OF SORBIC ACID, BENZOIC ACID, AND

NATAMYCIN IN DOMESTIC YOGURT IN JORDAN

1Sirhan, A. Y., 2Abdulra'uf, L., 3Mostafa, A., 4 Talhouni, A. and 5Al-Ebini,T 1Department of Basic Science, Applied Science Private University, 11931Amman, Jordan 2Dept. of Chemistry, College of Pure and Applied Sciences, Kwara State University, Malete,

P.M.B. 1530, Ilorin, Nigeria 3Food Lab Dept., Jordan Food & Drug Administration, Amman, Jordan 4Faculty of Pharmacy Isra’ University, 11622 Amman Jordan 5Faculty of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, 61421 Abha, Saudi Arabia

A method for the simultaneous determination and analysis of sorbic acid, benzoic acid, and

natamycin in yogurt products, based on the use of the high-performance liquid chromatography

with a UV detector (HPLC–UV) has been developed. This method excludes the employment

of complex procedures, time-consuming and labor-intensive pre-treatment processes.

Separation of the sorbic acid, benzoic acid, and natamycin with higher selectivity and

sensitivity, and within five minutes was performed by a C8 150 mm × 4.6 mm x 3 μm column

(Hypersil™ BDS) at 20oC. The mobile phase was a mixture of trifluoroacetic acid 0.1 % in

water containing 100 mM sodium acetate, trifluoroacetic acid 0.1 % in acetonitrile, and

trifluoroacetic acid 0.1 % in tetrahydrofuran (65:25:10 (%, v/v)). Using the mobile phase as an

extraction mixture gave recoveries in the range of 83.0-110.2% at spike levels of 2.5–80.0

µg/kg with relative standard deviations (RSDs) lower than 10%. The intra-day precision and

inter-day precision results were in the range of 5.3–6.7% and 7.6–9.2%. Additionally, the limits

of detection (LOD) were 0.24, 0.39, and 0.61 mg/L and the limits of quantification (LOQ) were

0.80, 1.3, and 2.0 mg/L for sorbic acid, benzoic acid, and natamycin, respectively.


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PP3 SHELF LIFE STUDY AND SENSORY EVALUATION OF CULINARY PRODUCT

(‘ASAM PEDAS’ CUBE) USING CHITOSAN FILM

1*Adzaly, N.Z., 2Kasim, N., 1Watt Moey, S., 1Anvarali, M.N., 1Manshor, M.R., 1Abd Halim,

K.H., 1Akbar, A and 1Mohamad, H. 1Food Science Technology Research Centre, MARDI Headquarters 43400 Serdang, Selangor,

Malaysia 2MARDI Johor Bahru 80350 Johor Bahru, Malaysia

The shelf life study and sensory evaluation of culinary product (‘asam pedas’ cube) using

chitosan film was carried out by real time study at 25oC for 12 months of storage. ‘Asam pedas’

cube was wrapped with chitosan edible film (CEF) and paper/foil (commercial wrapper for

seasonings cubes) as a control. The analytical parameters involved such as microbiological

tests, water activity (aw), moisture content (%), color and sensory evaluation. The results

showed, the microbiological count (total plate count) is considered satisfactory (below 5 log

cfu/g) throughout 12 months of storage as the counts are within allowable limits (acceptable

limit is 5 x 105) for both ‘asam pedas’ cube wrapped in chitosan edible film (CEF) and

paper/foil. Furthermore, the water activity (aw) and color of ‘asam pedas cube’ wrapped in

chitosan film were reduced in a similar pattern (p < 0.05) with paper/foil during the storage

period. ‘Asam pedas’ cubes as well as its gravy (cube dissolved in water) were evaluated in

sensory evaluation test. The test was done by 25 semi-trained panelists from Food Science

Technology Research Centre, MARDI. The overall acceptability of ‘asam pedas’ cube and its

gravy wrapped with chitosan edible film (CEF) and control from 0 to 12 months were reduced

(p ≥ 0.05) about 12.16% and 11.6%, respectively, while the gravy also reduced (p ≥ 0.05) about

17.69% and 14.29%, respectively. Chitosan edible film (CEF) and paper/foil showed no

significant differences (p ≥ 0.05) in retaining ‘asam pedas’ cube and its gravy attributes. In

conclusion, ‘asam pedas’ cube is safe to eat and have a shelf life of 12 months at room

temperature.


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PP4 MARDI NEW FOOD PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT: CONSUMER ACCEPTANCE

AND WILLINGNESS TO PAY FOR NUTRITIOUS FUNCTIONAL FOOD

PRODUCTS

Rawaida Rusli, Roslina Ali, Aida Hamimi Ibrahim, Saiful Bahri Saari, Jeevan a/l Karuppan,

Zuwariah Ishak and Wan Zahidah Wan Zainon

MARDI HQ, Persiaran MARDI-UPM, 43400 Serdang, Selangor

The main purpose of this study is to assess the level of consumers’ acceptance in Malaysia

towards MARDI new food product development and to determine consumers purchasing

decisions and their willingness to pay for each food product. This study focuses on four new

food products which comprise of mango leather snack, high-protein biscuit, anti-inflammatory

nectar drink and fruit-based cereal. A total of 600 respondents was randomly selected in Central

Zone (Kuala Lumpur and Selangor) to involve in a sensory test survey. The results revealed

that all of the functional food products developed by MARDI the majority of respondents (93%

to 95.8%) accepted those food products. In fact, most of consumers (93%-86.8%) agreed to

purchase if the products are available in markets. For the willingness-to-pay, more than half

respondents are more likely to pay at the recommended prices for the two products – mango

leather snack (RM4.00/25 grams) and high protein biscuits (RM 25/500 grams or 50 pieces).

Mango leather snack indicated significant relationship between willingness to purchase and

income level and ethnic groups. The low to middle income level (RM 2,000 to RM 3,000) and

Chinese are more likely to purchase this snack. This study suggests these influencing factors

can be considered in marketing plans and strategies for this snack products.


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PP5 DEVELOPMENT OF WHITE BREAD FORTIFIED WITH CALCIUM DERIVED

FROM EGGSHELL POWDER

Tuan Zainazor Tuan Chilek*, Nur Ayuni Kairuaman, Fisal Ahmad, Rahijan Abdul Wahab,

Amir Izzwan Zamri and Azizah Mahmood



Bread is commonly used mostly around the world which obtained from grains, legumes, tubers

and other fortified ingredients. Eggshell makes up from 9-12% of the total egg weight that

consists largely of calcium carbonate (94%) with some magnesium carbonate and calcium

phosphate deposited in the organic matrix. The objectives of this study were to produce white

bread fortified with calcium derived from the eggshell powder and to study the

physicochemical changes, microbiological status and sensory evaluation of the product. The

main analyses were done specific volume, texture, colour, proximate analysis, calcium

determination by ICP-MS and microbiological test for the determination of shelf life. Besides,

acceptance test was also carried out. The result showed that increasing of the eggshell did not

have any effect on the specific volume, springiness, cohesiveness and colour but affect the

hardness of the bread. Furthermore, addition of the eggshell significantly (p<0.05) increased

the moisture content, ash, fibre but decreased the carbohydrate. However, there were no

significantly different between sample in terms of fat and protein. The bread with addition of

eggshell have potential to be produced and accepted by the consumer especially the bread with

fortification of 2% egg shell powder.


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PP6 ASSESSMENT OF FOOD INSECURITY AND FOOD COPING STRATEGIES

AMONG FISHERMEN HOUSEHOLD DURING MONSOON IN TERENGGANU,

MALAYSIA

Nik Nursabrina Nadia Nik Mohd Sanusi, Asma’ Ali, Khairil Shazmin Kamarudin and Hayati

Mohd Yusof

School of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu,

21030 Kuala Nerus, Malaysia

Most fishermen’s families have insufficient food, especially during the monsoon season.

However, fewer studies have been done assessing their food insecurity and food coping

strategies to sustain their food availability. This cross-sectional study using convenience

sampling was researcher administered to assess food insecurity (via Household Food Insecurity

Access Scale – HFIAS) and food coping strategies (via Coping Strategies Index) among

fishermen households during monsoon in Terengganu and to examine association between

demographic, socioeconomic factors and household food insecurity level. This study was

carried out among 80 respondents from fishermen households meeting eligible criterion and

included married people aged 18-65 years old living in fisherman villages and wakaf beach

areas in Kuala Nerus. The results showed that about 98.8% of the fishermen households in

Terengganu were severely food insecure, and the remaining were moderately food insecure

during the monsoon season. While for food coping strategies, ‘reduce amount of food cooked

for meals’, ‘using less expensive food’, ‘cook whatever food is available at home’, and ‘reduce

daily/monthly spending’ was the most highly adopted food coping strategies during monsoon

season. There is a significant association found between household monthly income and food

insecurity (χ2=2.85 p<0.05). This may indicates that household income of the fishermen do

influence their food insecurity status. The most obvious finding to emerge from this study is

that most of the fishermen household is experiencing food insecure during the monsoon season.

Thus, more studies should be carried out to generate more information in addressing household

food insecurity among fishermen in other states in Malaysia especially during monsoon season.


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PP7 COMPARISON OF LIBERICA AND ARABICA COFFEE: CHLOROGENIC ACID,

CAFFEINE, TOTAL PHENOLIC AND DPPH RADICAL SCAVENGING ACTIVITY

1Mubarak, A., 2Croft, K.D. and 3Bondonno, C.B., 1Din, N.S. 1School of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala

Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia 2School of Biomedical Science, The University of Western Australia, M570, Level 4, Medical

Research Foundation Building, Rear 50 Murray St, Perth, Western Australia 6847 Australia 3School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive,

Joondalup, Western Australia 6027 Australia

Information on the composition of chlorogenic acid, caffeine and antioxidant activity of Coffea

liberica is scarce, albeit the importance of this species in some parts of the world. This study

assessed the composition of chlorogenic acid, total phenolic, caffeine and free radical

scavenging activity in green and roasted C. liberica in comparison to C. arabica. The

compositions of these compounds were also investigated in C. liberica at different roasting

degree. We found a comparable amount of chlorogenic acid in green C. liberica and C. arabica.

However, roasted C. arabica had a significantly higher chlorogenic acid content than roasted

C. liberica (p<0.05). Chlorogenic acid content significantly reduced in C. liberica after roasting

when compared to green beans (p<0.05). There was an insignificant difference of caffeine

content between the green and roasted beans of both coffee varieties. Total phenolic content

were of comparable value between C. liberica and C. arabica for both green and roasted beans.

There was a trend for higher total phenolic content in roasted C. liberica when compared to

green beans, although significant difference was observed only in medium-dark roast (p<0.05).

DPPH scavenging activity was comparable between C. arabica and C. liberica for both green

and roasted beans, and was significantly reduced in C. liberica after roasting (p<0.05). Both

green C. arabica and C. liberica had similar DPPH scavenging activity to the standards (BHT

and α-tocopherol). These data can aid in promoting the production of C. liberica alongside C.

arabica that has been regarded as a premium quality coffee.


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PP8 NUTRIENT COMPOSITION OF FIVE SELECTED GLUTINOUS RICE-BASED

TRADITIONAL MALAYSIAN KUIH

1Mahmood A., 1*Yusof H.M. and 1Lye Y.M. 1School of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala


The latest Malaysian Food Composition Database (FCD) of 1997 edition still has limited list

of nutrient resources. This study aims to provide new data on the nutritional compositions of

five commonly consumed glutinous rice-based traditional Malaysian kuih. Analyses of

proximate and mineral composition were carried out on the selected kuih, including Pulut

Serunding, Tepung Gomak, Badak Berendam, Kuih Dangai and Pulut Berinti. Milk powder

(Ensure brand) and cream cracker (Jacobs’ brand) were used as Standard Reference Materials

(SRM) and analyzed ten times in different days to provide more reliable and relevant data.

Depending on the method of preparation and the ingredients used, nutrient composition varies

between different types of kuih. Among the traditional kuih, Badak Berendam was highest in

moisture content, Kuih Dangai was highest in energy, fat and phosphorus content, and Tepung

Gomak was highest in crude fibre and carbohydrate. Meanwhile, both Pulut Serunding and

Kuih Dangai showed significant protein levels, and Pulut Serunding and Pulut Berinti showed

high in ash content. All types of kuih contain high amount of sodium (66-71 mg/100g), except

Badak Berendam. Levels of potassium, iron and zinc in 100g of kuih were in the range of 26-

96 mg, 0.6-1.0 mg and 0.3-0.6 mg, respectively. Results for each analysis are valid with high

acceptability due to standardized sampling procedure with internal quality control for

laboratory performance. Updating the FCD will help dieticians and other nutrition

professionals assess dietary status and planning, and evaluate adequacy of meals and diets

intake for in hospitalized patients, students, and other population groups.


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PP9 EFFECTS OF FERTILIZERS AND MEDIA ON BIOMASS OF Justicia gendarussa

Burm f. CUTTINGS

Norhidayah Che Soh1*, Nur Adnilaila Hamzah2 And Ramisah Mohd Shah1

1School of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030

Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia 2Faculty of Forestry, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

Justicia gendarussa is one of the important medicinal plant in Malaysia and used in traditional

and modern medicine practice. To get better production, silviculture management should be

practice considerably. This study was conducted to determine the best planting media and

organic fertilizer which give highest biomass for J. gendarussa. The seedling was obtained by

cutting from healthy mother plant and assigned to four media types which are topsoil, topsoil

mixed with palm oil mill effluent (POME) at the ratio 1:1, topsoil mixed with POME at the

ratio 1:2, and POME only. The plantlets were transferred to planting site later. Three types of

organic fertilizers with four different rates were applied which are wood charcoal, bamboo

charcoal and chicken manure and the rates are 0 g, 50 g, 100 g and 150 g. After six months all

the samples were harvested and separated into three parts; leaves, stem and roots. Wet and dry

weight of each part were analyzed. Result showed that media consist of topsoil (1): POME (2)

gave highest biomass for each part. For application of fertilizer, chicken manure and bamboo

charcoal gave the highest value of biomass when given at 1.5 t/ha.


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PP10 PRELIMINARY OBSERVATION ON FEEDING BEHAVIOUR AND PHYSICAL

CHARACTERISTICS OF GOATS FOLLOWING SUPPLEMENTATION OF

Sesbania grandiflora LEAVES

1,2Azrul, L. M., 2Poungpong, K., 3Jittapalapong, S. and 2Prasanpanich, S.

1Animal Husbandry Laboratory, School of Food Science and Technology,

Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia 2Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University,

Bangkhen Campus, 10900, Bangkok, Thailand 3Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University,

Bangkhen Campus, 10900, Bangkok, Thailand

Sesbania grandiflora from Family Leguminosae is a native plant in Asian and abundantly

available in many tropical areas. This preliminary study was conducted as a basic for further

study which focusing on utilization of S. grandiflora as natural protein supplementation and

non-chemical veterinary disease treatment. In this study, the effects of supplementing the leaves

of S. grandiflora were determined on goats in 30 days treatment period. Ten goats were used

as experimental animals and equally divided into two groups. Group 1 as a control while Group

2 was supplemented with dried leaves of S. grandiflora. The effects were determined by two

stages of observation. Primary stage was determined by lethality occurrence during this

treatment period. Meanwhile, for secondary stage, it was determined by feeding behavior and

physical characteristics observation. No lethality was observed among goats in both groups in

the experimental period. The feeding behavior was in normal condition with consistent body

weight increment and no abnormalities were detected for physical characteristics of the goats.

Based on the results, it can be concluded that the supplementation of S. grandiflora leaves in

goats is safe.


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PP11 PERFORMANCE AND ECONOMIC INCENTIVES COW CALF OPERATION OF

THREE CATTLE CROSSBREEDS AT SMALLHOLDER FARMERS IN

YOGYAKARTA INDONESIA

Rini Widiati, Sudi Nurtini Tri Anggraeni Kusumastuti, Suci Paramitasari

Syahlani,Mujtahidah Anggriani Ummul Muzayanah

Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas GadjahMada, Jl. Fauna 3, Bulaksumur Campus,

Yogyakarta – Indonesia

Cattle farmers in Indonesia have adopted artificial inseminationtechnology such as Simmental

and Limousin with local PO cow cattle, thus created cow calf operation (CCO) of PO, SimPO

and LimPO. The study was conducted from April to August 2017 whose objectives were (1)to

identify the performance of CCO of beef cattle at smallholder farmers in Yogyakarta, and (2)

to determine the suitable economic incentive of CCO for PO, SimPO and LimPOcattles. Data

were collected by single-visit multiple-subject survey method using direct interview by semi-

structured questionnaires to270 small-holder farmers which consisted of 90 owners of PO

cow,90 owners of SimPO and90 owners ofLimPOfor each sub district in3 regencies of

Yogyakarta. Economic incentives in the form of total net farm income = TR (Total Revenue) -

TC (Total Cost). One way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to analyze the difference

of net farm income of CCO on PO, SimPO and LimPO, followed by Duncan 'Multiple Range

Test.The results showed that the total CCO cost of PO was the smallest among the others(P

<0.01), however there were not significant difference in CCO revenue among the three types.

The highest net farm income was still shown by CCO on PO cows (P <0.01), therefore CCO

on SimPO and LimPO have not yet provided a better economic incentive than the local PO

cowsfarming.


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LIST OF PARTICIPANTS

Name Institutions e-mail address Paper

Aidilla Mubarak Universiti Malaysia Terengganu [email protected] O15, O22,

PP7

Ala Sirhan Applied Science Private University,

Jordan

[email protected] PP1, PP2

Amiza Mat Amin Universiti Malaysia Terengganu [email protected] O20

Anis Athirah Bahri Universiti Malaysia Terengganu [email protected] S15

Ariffah Abdul Halim Universiti Malaysia Terengganu [email protected] PS1

Asma' Ali Universiti Malaysia Terengganu [email protected] O8, O9,

PP6

Asri Hashim Universiti Malaysia Terengganu [email protected] S01

Azizah Mahmood Universiti Malaysia Terengganu [email protected] PP8

Azlin Hasim Universiti Malaysia Terengganu [email protected] O31

Bambang Suhartanto Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia [email protected] O27

Bilal Adil Mohammed Universiti Malaysia Terengganu [email protected] S09

Chong Kah Hui Universiti Malaysia Terengganu [email protected] S05

Diah Tri Widayati Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia [email protected] O18

Fisal Ahmad Universiti Malaysia Terengganu [email protected] O21

Noor-Fadzlina Hamid Universiti Sains Malaysia [email protected] S14

Haslinda Universiti Malaysia Terengganu [email protected] S18

Hayati Mohd Yusof Universiti Malaysia Terengganu [email protected] O5, O24

Khuzma Din Universiti Malaysia Terengganu [email protected]

[email protected]

S12

Lim Chin Hui Universiti Malaysia Sabah [email protected] S06

Lokman Shamsudin Universiti Malaysia Kelantan [email protected] O16

M. Aiman Fakri Universiti Malaysia Terengganu [email protected] PS6

Maiunguwa Sani IKCOE Dutsinma [email protected] O3

Mohamad Rahijan Abd Wahab Universiti Malaysia Terengganu [email protected] O10

Mohd Azrul Lokman Universiti Malaysia Terengganu [email protected] PP10

Mohd Khairi Zainol Universiti Malaysia Terengganu [email protected] O25

Muhammad Amirul Nordin Universiti Malaysia Terengganu [email protected] S10

Nafiatul Umami Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia [email protected] O4

Najma Farhaten A. Latiff Universiti Malaysia Terengganu [email protected] S03

Ng Khai Shin Universiti Malaysia Terengganu [email protected] S02

Noor Salihah Zakaria Universiti Malaysia Terengganu [email protected] O6

Noor Zainah Adzaly MARDI [email protected] PP3

Nor Hazwani Mohd Hasali Universiti Malaysia Terengganu [email protected] PS3

Norhayati Abdul Hadi Universiti Malaysia Terengganu [email protected] S16

NorHayati Ibrahim Universiti Malaysia Terengganu [email protected] O23

Norhidayah Che Soh Universiti Malaysia Terengganu [email protected] O2, PP9

mailto:[email protected]

















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P a g e 89 | 92

Normahani Maidin Universiti Malaysia Terengganu [email protected] O26

Nurliyani Nurliyani Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia [email protected] O19

Nursyafiqah Ibrahim Universiti Putra Malaysia [email protected] PS5

Nurul Aishah Mazlan Universiti Malaysia Pahang [email protected] S13

Nurul Farhanah Mohd Aluwi Universiti Malaysia Terengganu [email protected] S07

Ong Mei Ghee Universiti Sains Malaysia [email protected] O28

Ramisah Mohd Shah Universiti Malaysia Terengganu [email protected] O14

Rawaida Rusli MARDI [email protected] PP4

Rini Widiawati Universitas Gadjah Mada,Indonesia [email protected] PP11

Siti Fatimah Zakaria Universiti Malaysia Terengganu [email protected] PS2

Siti Murnirah Che Has Universiti Malaysia Terengganu [email protected] S11

Siti Nadhirah Sidi Ahmad Universiti Putra Malaysia [email protected] PS4

Siti Nasiroh Ismail Universiti Malaysia Pahang [email protected] S04

Siti Nur’Afifah Jaafar Universiti Malaysia Terengganu [email protected] O7

Sri Harimurti Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia [email protected] O13

Sukron Romadhona University of Jember, Indonesia [email protected] O1

Suvik A/L Assaw Universiti Malaysia Terengganu [email protected] O29

Tuan Zainazor Tuan Chilek Universiti Malaysia Terengganu [email protected] O12, PP5

Usman Mohammed Ishaq Universiti Malaysia Terengganu [email protected] S08

Uswatun Hasanah Zaidan Universiti Putra Malaysia [email protected] O30

Yuni Suranindyah Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia [email protected] O17

Yusnita Hamzah Universiti Malaysia Terengganu [email protected] O11

Zaliha Harun Universiti Malaysia Terengganu [email protected]

[email protected]

S17


























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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The Main Organizing for the International Food Science and Agrotechnology Conference

(IFosac 2018)

Vice Chancellor, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu (UMT)

Distinguished session chairpersons, speakers, poster presenters, participants, panels for best

oral and poster awards, participating agencies and institutions

Exhibitors and sponsors

Subcommittee members and runners for their time, commitment and offers

All relevant parties and individuals who have contributed to the success of this event in one

way or another


P a g e 91 | 92

LIST OF ORGANIZING COMMITTEES

PATRON

Prof Dato’ Dr Nor Aieni Haji Mokhtar

(The Vice Chancellor of UMT)

CHAIRPERSON

Associate Prof Dr Amiza Mat Amin

(The Dean of School of Food Science and Technology)

SECRETARIAT

Dr. Fauziah Tufail Ahmad

Dr. Wan Zawiah Wan Abdullah

Dr. Suhaizan Lob

En. Tuan Mohd Najwa Fuad Tuan Man

Pn. Hartini Badaudin

Pn. Maizatul Akmal Ab. Rahman

SCIENTIFIC

Dr Norizah Mohd Sarbon

Dr Husni Hayati Mohd Rafdi

Dr Nurul Faziha Ibrahim

Dr Siti Nordahliawate Mohamed Sidique

Dr Nurmahani Datuk Mohd Maidin

Dr Rahayu Ma’Arup

Dr Norhidayah Che Soh

Dr Nizaha Juhaida Mohamad

PROMOTION AND PUBLICITY

Dr. Mohd Azrul Lokman

En. Mohd Kamarul Izhar Kamaruddin

En. Ahmad Azman Abdul Malik

EEn. Aswardy Hamzah

PROTOCOL

Dr. Siti Nur’ Afifah Jaafar

Pn Suhana Mohamad Hanidun

Pn. Siti Fatimah @ Noni Binti Mat

PUBLICATION

Dr. Hayati Mohd Yusof

Dr. Mohamad Khairi Mohd Zainol

Dr. Tengku Rozaina Tengku Mohamad

Dr. Asma’ Ali

Dr. Azizah Mahmood

Dr. Azlin Shafrina Hasim

Dr. Nur Aida Hashim

Dr. Khadijah Saad

Dr. Ng Lee Chuen

Dr. Nor Idzwana Binti Mohd Idris

Dr. Andrew Anak Ngadin

TECHNICAL AND LOGISTIC

Dr. Fisal Ahmad

En. Mohd Zaidi Yahaya

En. Mohd Redhuan Mohd Noor

En. Mohd Shahrul Zanudin

En. Masri Man

En. Muhammad Syaharun Mohd Aluwi

En. Mohd Fauzi Jusoh

En. Ruzairie Hussin

En. Zurisyam Ismail

En. Muhamad Fareez Mustaffa

Cik Noni Noraikhah Md Yusoff

TREASURY AND SPONSOFSHIP

Dr. Tuan Zainazor Tuan Chilek

Dr. Wan Zaliha Wan Sembok

Pn. Nasrenim Suhaimin

Pn. Nurud Iliani Suhaimi

Pn. Armardiana Arifin

FOOD AND BEVERAGES

Dr. Wan Hafiz Wan Zainal Shukri

En. Mohamad Rahijan Abdul Wahab

Pn. Nor Azni Mohd Yunos

Pn. Faridah Mohd Isa

En. Nik Mohd ‘Akil Nik Pa

En. Zamani Mohammed


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