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TABLE OF CONTENTS

UNIT 1 – AMERICA THROUGH THE RECONSTRUCTION

Chapter 1 AMERICA LONG AGOUNIT ONE IMPORTANT WORDS TO KNOW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1MAKING LIFE BETTER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2LONG AGO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3NATIVE AMERICANS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4ANCESTORS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5WAYS OF LIFE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6

Chapter 2 EXPLORATIONVIKINGS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7BEGINNING TO EXPLORE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9SPANISH AND FRENCH EXPLORERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10ENGLISH SETTLEMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11

Chapter 3 COLONIAL AMERICATHE COLONIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12TOWNS GREW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13DISAGREEMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14THE REVOLUTIONARY WAR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16

Chapter 4 THE U.S. GROWSA STRONG CONSTITUTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17LOUISIANA PURCHASE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18THE NORTH AND THE SOUTH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19ADAMS AND JACKSON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20MANIFEST DESTINY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21

Chapter 5 ISSUES AND EVENTSGOLD RUSH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .221800s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23SLAVERY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24SLAVE OR FREE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25SOCIAL CHANGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26

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Chapter 6 THE NORTH AND THE SOUTHWAR BEGINS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27BATTLE PLANS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28BATTLES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .29RECONSTRUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30UNITING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31

UNIT 2 – GROWTH AND EXPANSION

Chapter 7 SETTLING THE WESTUNIT TWO IMPORTANT WORDS TO KNOW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32THE TRANSCONTINENTAL RAILROAD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33HOMESTEAD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34FARMING THE GREAT PLAINS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35NATIVE AMERICANS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36MINERS AND RANCHERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37

Chapter 8 INDUSTRYBUSINESS BOOM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38INVENTORS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .39OIL AND STEEL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40RICH AND POWERFUL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .41RICH, POOR, AND MIDDLE CLASS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42

Chapter 9 PEOPLE AND CITIESNEW IMMIGRANTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43ASIAN IMMIGRANTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44TREATED BADLY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45CITIES GROW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .46THREE CLASSES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .47

Chapter 10 EXPANSION BEGINSGILDED AGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .48CORRUPT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .49EYE ON THE WORLD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .50SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .51MORE LAND, MORE TRADE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .52

Chapter 11 REFORMERS AND LEADERSGOOD CHANGES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .53

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HULL-HOUSE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .54TEDDY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .55PANAMA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .56PRESIDENT WILSON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .57

Chapter 12 WORLD WAR ITHE GREAT WAR BEGINS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .58WHAT CAUSED THE WAR? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .59TAKING SIDES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .60THE U.S. IN WWI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .61SAD ENDING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .62

UNIT 3 – GOOD TIMES AND BAD

Chapter 13 THE ROARING TWENTIESUNIT THREE IMPORTANT WORDS TO KNOW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .63THE ROARING TWENTIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .64AMERICAN LIFE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .65RIGHTS FOR WOMEN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .66AFRICAN AMERICANS INSPIRE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .67BOOM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .68

Chapter 14 THE 1929 STOCK MARKET CRASH1929 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .69STOCK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .70MORE ABOUT STOCK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .71CRASH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .72PANIC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .73

Chapter 15 THE GREAT DEPRESSIONHARD TIMES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .74HOMELESS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .75YOUNG PEOPLE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .76HELPING OTHERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .77DUST BOWL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .78

Chapter 16 HOOVER YEARSSMART . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .79UGLY SURPRISE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .80MINDING YOUR OWN BUSINESS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .81

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HELPING PEOPLE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .82TOO LITTLE, TOO LATE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .83

Chapter 17 FRANKLIN ROOSEVELTFDR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .84POLIO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .85BACK TO WORK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .86PLANNING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .87ROOSEVELT ELECTED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .88

Chapter 18 THE NEW DEALPRESIDENT ROOSEVELT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .89THE NEW DEAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .90BANK CRISIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .91FIRESIDE CHATS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .92ALPHABET SOUP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .93

UNIT 4 – WORLD WAR II

Chapter 19 DICTATORSUNIT FOUR IMPORTANT WORDS TO KNOW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .94DICTATOR IN ITALY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .95DICTATOR IN RUSSIA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .96DICTATOR IN JAPAN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .97DICTATOR IN SPAIN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .98DICTATOR IN GERMANY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .99

Chapter 20 WORLD WAR II BEGINSHITLER MAKES HIS MOVE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .100POLAND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .101LIGHTNING WAR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .102FRANCE FALLS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .103BATTLE OF BRITAIN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .104

Chapter 21 NAZI WAYSHOLOCAUST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .105NIGHTMARE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .106FINAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .107ITALY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .108GERMANY INVADES THE SOVIET UNION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .109

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Chapter 22 THE U.S. ENTERS THE WARWARSHIPS FOR BRITAIN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .110JAPAN WANTS AN EMPIRE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .111PEARL HARBOR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .112AT WAR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .113RAID OVER JAPAN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .114

Chapter 23 THE ALLIES AND THE AXIS POWERSTHE TWO SIDES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .115UGLY DUCKLINGS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .116NORTH AFRICA AND ITALY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .117GERMANS RETREAT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .118GETTING READY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .119

Chapter 24 WORLD WAR II ENDSD-DAY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .120FREEZING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .121THE END . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .122SOUTH PACIFIC WAR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .123THE BOMB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .124

UNIT 5 – CHALLENGES

Chapter 25 AFTER THE WARUNIT FIVE IMPORTANT WORDS TO KNOW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .125ORDER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .126WAR CRIME TRIALS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .127AFTER THE WAR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .128COLD WAR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .129HELPING OTHERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .130

Chapter 26 POSTWAR ISSUES AND EVENTSNUCLEAR AGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .131FEAR OF COMMUNISM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .132KOREA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .133FIGHTING IN KOREA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .134GOOD TIMES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .135

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Chapter 27 THE NEW FRONTIER AND THE GREAT SOCIETYTHE NEW FRONTIER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .136CUBA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .137RACE AND RESPECT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .138ASSASSINATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .139THE GREAT SOCIETY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .140

Chapter 28 CIVIL RIGHTS CROSSING THE COLOR LINE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .141CIVIL RIGHTS EVENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .142IMPORTANT EVENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .143MARCHING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .144FREE AT LAST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .145

Chapter 29 VIETNAMVIETNAM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .146ALL MEN ARE CREATED EQUAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .147FRANCE LEAVES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .148ATTACK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .149BOMBING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .150

Chapter 30 VIETNAM DIVIDES AMERICANSHAWKS AND DOVES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .151UNPOPULAR WAR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .152PROBLEMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..153DISTRUST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .154OUT OF VIETNAM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .155

UNIT 6 – MODERN TIMES

Chapter 31 CHANGESUNIT SIX IMPORTANT WORDS TO KNOW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .156FLOWER POWER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .157SECOND WAVE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .158WORKING FOR A BETTER LIFE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .159OIL PRICES SKYROCKET . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .160COOPERATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .161

Chapter 32 WATERGATE AND AFTERWATERGATE 1972 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .162

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WATERGATE 1973 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .163WATERGATE 1974 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .164ME . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .165CONSERVATIVE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .166

Chapter 33 THE WORLD SUPERPOWERREAGANOMICS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .167HOSTAGES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .168OPERATION DESERT STORM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .169BOOMER PRESIDENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .170END AND BEGINNING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .171

Chapter 34 LOOKING BACKMUSIC IN THE TWENTIETH CENTURY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .172ARTISTS AND WRITERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .173THEATER IN THE TWENTIETH CENTURY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .174TWENTIETH CENTURY "FIRSTS" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .175AMAZING PEOPLE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .176

Chapter 35 DISASTERS AND WAR9/11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .177EMERGENCY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .178WAR IN IRAQ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .179IRAQ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .180HURRICANE KATRINA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .181

Chapter 36 TROUBLES AND HOPEMAKING MONEY THE WRONG WAY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .182BIG TROUBLE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .183"ALL THINGS ARE POSSIBLE" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .184POPULISM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .185AMERICA GOES GREEN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .186

IMPORTANT WORDS AND MEANINGS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .187

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MAKING LIFE BETTER

Knowing about history helps us understand why things happen the way they do.

As time goes by, things change, but people still do things for the same reasons. Some people are kind and work to make the world a good place.Some people are greedy and want power. They can make life hard for others.

When we study history, we learn about the past. Past events are partof what makes us who we are today. The past has shaped our livesand the lives of everyone around us. Past events have shaped ourcountry too.

Each choice you make is important. It's smart to think about the choices you have made in the past. You can make good choices tohave a better life.

Name one event in the past that changed your life.

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The Game: Check ( ) the things you have or want to have.

nice car friends who lie to you

no money lots of money

good friends nice home

strong body loving family

good job fun

ugly home safe country

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PEARL HARBOR

On December 7, 1941, Japanattacked the U.S. Pacific fleet at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. Six Japaneseaircraft carriers, 25 submarines, andmore than 30 other ships were northof Hawaii. The carriers launched morethan 180 Japanese warplanes in thefirst wave, or part, of the attack. In the next wave, 170 planes attacked. U.S. ships and airfields were hit. Anarmor-piercing bomb struck the battleship Arizona and exploded the ammunitionsection. The ship was blown apart. In minutes, the huge ship sank, and 1,177crew members died.

Overall, 21 ships were sunk or beached and over 180 aircraft were destroyed.Luckily, the U.S. aircraft carriers were not in port at the time, so they were safe.Japanese bombers did not seriously damage the base or hit the large fueltanks. Americans fought back and were able to take down 29 Japanese planes.About 2,400 Americans were killed. About 100 Japanese were killed.

The next day, December 8, the U.S. declared war on Japan. Britain and Canadadeclared war on Japan the same day. Germany and Italy declared war on the U.S. on December 11. By the end of 1941, the war was worldwide.


The Game: Look at the map. JAPAN Draw a line from Japan to Hawaii.Draw explosions on Hawaii.In the space below, draw a picture of a warship.

HAWAII

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THE TWO SIDES

What were the two sides in World War II? The war was fought mainly betweentwo major alliances: the Allies and the Axis powers.

THE ALLIES THE AXIS POWERSBelgium Malta GermanyBrazil The Netherlands ItalyCanada New Zealand JapanChina Norway Slovakia Czechoslovakia Poland Hungary Denmark South Africa Romania Estonia United Kingdom (Britain) Bulgaria France United StatesGreece United Soviet Socialist RepublicIndia Yugoslavia Latvia and othersLithuania


The Game: Write ALLIES or AXIS in the blanks.

1. United States _______________ 6. China _______________2. Germany _______________ 7. France _______________3. Canada _______________ 8. Italy _______________4. Japan _______________ 9. Poland _______________5. United Soviet Socialist Republic 10. United Kingdom (Britain)

_______________ _______________

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WATERGATE 1972

Watergate is the name of the biggest political scandal in U.S. history.

In June 1972, a security guard at the WatergateHotel saw that a door was not locked. There wassome tape over the latch. He pulled the tape off.Later, he saw that someone had re-taped the door. He called the police. Five men were arrested.They were caught with wiretapping equipment.

Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein were two reporters from the WashingtonPost. They kept digging into the facts. Then, a secret friend called "DeepThroat" gave them information. The reporters soon found links to the WhiteHouse. The burglars were on the White House payroll!

Americans were shocked to learn that the burglars were on President Nixon's re-election team. The burglars had bugged the Democratic headquarters to stealinformation. The information was used to help get Nixon re-elected. Peoplewere given large amounts of money to cover up or hide the facts about thebreak-in.

Nixon's office told America that none of Nixon's staff was part of the break-in.The following November, Americans re-elected Nixon for a second term as U.S.President.


The Game: Answer the questions.

1. Where did the break-in happen?

____________________________________________________________

2. Who gave the reporters information?

____________________________________________________________

3. What were the burglars stealing?

____________________________________________________________

4. Who were the burglars working for?

____________________________________________________________

5. What is the Watergate scandal?

____________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

Watergate Complex

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9/11

On Tuesday, September 11, 2001, the worldchanged forever. Nineteen terrorists took controlof four American planes. Two of the hijackedplanes were flown at top speed to New YorkCity. The planes, along with the passengers,slammed into the twin towers of the World TradeCenter. The buildings burst into flames. Lessthan two hours later, the skyscrapers collapsedinto a huge pile of smoldering rubble. New York firefighters and rescue workers rushed to savelives. Many of these heroes died while helpingothers.

A third hijacked plane crashed into the Pentagon in Arlington, Virginia. The planeslammed into the side of the U.S. military headquarters and exploded.

The fourth plane was headed for either the White House or the U.S. Capitol. Several people on board the plane had madephone calls, and they knew about the other attacks. The passengers and crewfought the terrorists. The plane went down in Pennsylvania. Everyone on board died. However, many lives were saved because of their brave actions.

Americans united to help. Firefighters and medical workers rushed to the disaster areas. All non-emergency aircraft were grounded. The military went onhigh alert. The National Guard called in troops to patrol major cities.

Donations of food, money, supplies, and blood were sent to help the victims andtheir families. Funds were set up too. Aid poured in from all over the world.

More than 3,000 people died as a result of the 9/11 attacks.


The Game: Look at the top photo. Draw an arrow pointing to the twin towers of the World Trade Center.Write a good sentence telling about 9/11. Use these words: terrorists,World Trade Center, died.

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